Table 1 Brazilian Portuguese nomenclature (generic name cação + ethnospecific modifier) for the main sharks species identified by fishers from small-scale fisheries from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern of Brazil
From: Ethnotaxonomy of sharks from tropical waters of Brazil
Species scientific identification | English common nomenclature | Brazilian Portuguese ethnospecific modifier | Identification per species (%) | Capture citation | IUCN/MMA status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841 | Bigeye thresher shark | RAPOSA (fox)1 | 136 (67) | 2 | VU/VU |
RABUDO (long-tailed)1 | 17 (8) | – | |||
GAIÚDO/GALHUDO (long-tailed)1 | 3 (1.5) | – | |||
ZORRO (caudal fin in ‘z’ shape)1 | 1 (0.5) | – | |||
misidentification | 47 (23) | – | |||
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 | Shortfin mako | CAVALA (mackerel fish)1 | 121 (49) | 42 | VU/ NT |
BRANCO (white)1 | 83 (33) | 32 | |||
ANEQUIM (agressive)2 | 14 (6) | – | |||
misidentification | 30 (12) | – | |||
Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) | Tiger shark | JAGUARA-PINTADA (jaguar)1;2 | 107 (48) | 17 | NT/NT |
TIGRE (tiger)1;2 | 74 (33) | 2 | |||
misidentification | 41 (18) | – | |||
Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) | Blue shark | TOALHA (towel)1 | 172 (60) | 42 | NT/NT |
AZUL (blue)1 | 73 (25) | 20 | |||
misidentification | 44 (15) | – | |||
Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Müller & Henle, 1839) | Brazilian sharpnose shark | RABO-SECO (thin tail)1 | 87 (43) | 28 | LC/NT |
FRANGO (chiken)1 | 31 (15) | – | |||
misidentification | 85 (42) | – | |||
Rhizoprionodon porosus (Poey, 1861) | Caribbean sharpnose shark | RABO-SECO (thin tail)1 | 90 (53) | 35 | LC/DD |
FRANGO (chiken)1 | 25 (15) | – | |||
misidentification | 56 (33) | – | |||
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) | Scalloped hammerhead shark | PANÃ (hat)1 | 147 (51) | 76 | EN/CR |
PANÃ AMARELA (yellow hat)1 | 28 (10) | – | |||
MARTELO (hammer)1 | 76 (26) | – | |||
misidentification | 39 (13) | – | |||
Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) | Great hammerhead shark | PANÃ (hat)1 | 156 (54) | 74 | EN/EN |
PANÃ AMARELA (yellow hat)1 | 43 (15) | – | |||
MARTELO (hammer)1 | 83 (29) | – | |||
misidentification | 5 (2) | – | |||
Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) | Nurse shark | LIXA (sandpaper)1 | 243 (80) | 11 | DD/VU |
PAPA-TERRA (sand-eater)2 | 57 (19) | – | |||
misidentification | 4 (1) | – | |||
Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839) | Silky shark | LOMBO-PRETO (black back)1 | 17 (12) | 6 | NT/NT |
misidentification | 121 (88) | – | |||
Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) | Bull shark | CABEÇA-CHATA (flat head)1 | 40 (26) | – | NT/NT |
misidentification | 116 (74) | – | |||
Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839) | Blacktip shark | SICURI-DA-GALHA-PRETA (rainforest snake with blacktip fin)1 | 64 (36) | 15 | NT/NT |
SICURI (rainforest snake)1 | 18 (10) | – | |||
misidentification | 96 (54) | – | |||
Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876) | Caribbean reef shark | CABEÇA-DE-CESTO (basket head)1 | 47 (26) | 18 | NT/VU |
CABEÇUDO (bighead)1 | 6 (3) | – | |||
misidentification | 126 (70) | – | |||
Carcharhinus signatus (Ranzani, 1839) | Night shark | NOTURNO (Nightly)1 | 43 (41) | – | VU/VU |
SICURI-BOLA (ball shape snake)1 | 14 (13) | – | |||
misidentification | 48 (46) | – | |||
Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860) | Blacknose shark | FLAMENGO 1 | 188 (65) | 36 | NT/NT |
misidentification | 100 (35) | – | |||
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) | Sandbar shark | BICO DOCE-DE-PAREDE (from the continental slope)1;2 | 12 (10) | – | VU/CR |
misidentification | 105 (90) | – | |||
Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868) | Lemon shark | LIMÃO (lemon)1 | 12 (13) | – | NT/VU |
DOS-RECIFES (from reefs)2 | 10 (11) | – | |||
misidentification | 72 (77) | – | |||
Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) | Smooth hammerhead shark | PANÃ (hat)1 | 175 (72) | 22 | VU/CR |
MARTELO (hammer)1 | 46 (19) | – | |||
misidentification | 23 (9) | – | |||
Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 | Whale shark | PINTADINHO (flacked)1 | 147 (63) | – | VU/VU |
BALEIA (whale)1 | 65 (28) | – | |||
ESTRELA (star)1 | 12 (5) | – | |||
misidentification | 8 (3) | – | |||
Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) | Dusky shark | FIDALGO (noble)1 | 11 (11) | – | VU/EN |
misidentification | 85 (89) | – |