Ethnomedicinal uses of the local flora in Chenab riverine area, Punjab province Pakistan

Umair, Muhammad; Altaf, Muhammad; Bussmann, Rainer W.; Abbasi, Arshad Mehmood

doi:10.1186/s13002-019-0285-4

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 2 Medicinal plant species used by the local communities of River Chenab and its surrounding areas

From: Ethnomedicinal uses of the local flora in Chenab riverine area, Punjab province Pakistan

S.#	Plant species and accession number	Family	Local name	Common name	Life Habits/ Life forms^a			Part(s)/mode of utilization^b	Application mode	Therapeutic uses	Quantitative indices^c							Previously used^d
S.#	Plant species and accession number	Family	Local name	Common name	Life Habits/ Life forms^a			Part(s)/mode of utilization^b	Application mode	Therapeutic uses	FC	RFC	UR	UV	RIL	FL	CFL	Previously used^d
1.	Justicia adhatoda L. ISNI-RC-86	Acanthaceae	Baykr	Vasak	P	S	W	LE. powder, decoction, juice; FL. decoction; RT. decoction	Oral, Gargle	Malaria, diabetes, asthma, abortion, toothache	43	0.13	28	0.65	0.91	83.7	75	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8●9♦10■11●12♦13♦14♦15■16♦17♦18■19♦20♦21♦22♦
2.	Trianthema portulacastrum L. ISNI-RC-88	Aizoaceae	Itst	Horse parslane	P	H	W	WP. powder; RT. powder, decoction; LE. extract	Oral	Anthelmintic, liver infection, asthma, diuretic, jaundice,	27	0.08	11	0.41	0.57	63.0	35	1■2♦3■4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13■14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
3.	Achyranthes aspera L. ISNI-RC-01	Amaranthaceae	Puth kanda	Prickly-Chaff flower	P	H	W	WP. decoction, extract; ST. powder; LE. paste, powder; RT. decoction; RT. juice	Topical, Oral and as Toothbrush	Kidney stone, pneumonia, chest pain, puncture wounds, ulcer, dysmenorrhea, aerodontalgia, asthma	42	0.13	26	0.62	0.89	83.3	73	1♦2■3■4●5♦6■7●8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13♦14●15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20■21♦22♦
4.	Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. ISNI-RC-128	Amaranthaceae	Waglon	Alligator weed	A/P	H	W	LE. juice, cooked, juice; WP. paste; RT. decoction; ST. decoction	Topical, Oral	Eye pain, galactagogue, leucorrhea, snake bite, diarrhea	25	0.08	10	0.40	0.53	56.0	29	1♦2●3●4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
5.	Amaranthus spinosus L. ISNI-RC-02	Amaranthaceae	Gnar	Spiny Pigweed	A	H	W	LE. cooked, juice, extract; RT. juice, decoction; SD. powder; BA. decoction	Gargle, Oral	Vermifuge, dyspepsia, diuretic, odontalgia, cataract, constipation	27	0.08	12	0.44	0.57	59.3	33	1♦2●3♦4■5●6♦7■8●9♦10♦11♦12■13♦14♦15♦16■17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
6.	Amaranthus viridis L. ISNI-RC-03	Amaranthaceae	Ganhar	Slender amaranth	A	H	W	LE. extract, cooked, juice, paste; SD. powder; RT. decoction	Oral and Topical	Painful urination, eye pain, constipation, piles, snakebite, cough and asthma	35	0.11	19	0.54	0.74	68.6	50	1♦2●3♦4●5♦6●7■8♦9♦10■11●12■13■14■15♦16■17♦18●19♦20♦21♦22■
7.	Mangifera indica L. ISNI-RC-04	Anacardiaceae	Aamb	Mango	P	T	C	BA. and LE. latex; LE. decoction, paste, infusion; FR. juice; SD. extract	Topical, Oral	Heel fissures, dysentery, febricity, hypoglycemia, blood pressure, snake bite	29	0.09	14	0.48	0.61	62.1	38	1♦2●3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9■10♦11♦12♦13●14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22■
8.	Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Hook.f. & Thomson * ISNI-RC-25	Annonaceae	Ultha ashok	Mast Tree	P	T	C	BA. juice, decoction; LE. Paste	Topical, Oral	Stomachache, body pain, fever, liver tonic	35	0.11	18	0.51	0.74	71.4	52	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
9.	Anethum graveolens L. ISNI-RC-82	Apiaceae	Sowa	Dil	A/P	H	W/C	SD. powder; LE. infusion, powder	Oral	Gastritis, chronic bronchitis, carminative	39	0.12	22	0.56	0.82	74.4	60	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13■14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21■22♦
10.	Nerium oleander L. ISNI-RC-87	Apocynaceae	Kunair	Oleander	P	S	W	RT. powder; ST.; LE. Juice	Oral, Toothbrush and as Eardrops	Aborficient, toothache, ear infection	41	0.13	25	0.61	0.87	85.4	73	1●2♦3●4●5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10♦11●12♦13♦14♦15■16♦17♦18●19■20■21■22♦
11.	Pistia stratiotes L.* ISNI-RC-127	Araceae	Sabs booti	Water lettuce	P	H	W	WP. decoction; LE. juice, extract; RT. paste	Topical, Oral and as Anal	Painful urination, piles, swelling joint, eczema and leprosy, cough and asthma	37	0.12	22	0.59	0.78	73.0	56	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
12.	Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Hayata ex Merr. * ISNI-RC-89	Araliaceae	Choti chatri	Dwarf schefflera	P	H	C	FR.; RT. extract; RT. paste; WP. decoction	Topical, Oral	Ingestion, blood circulation, cut and wounds, abdominal pain	33	0.10	21	0.64	0.70	69.7	48	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
13.	Calotropis procera W.T.Aiton ISNI-RC-05	Asclepiadaceae	Akh	Milk weed	P	S	W	LE. extract, paste, poultice. Latex; ST. and LE. decoction; ST. latex	Topical, Oral and as Inhale	Cut and wounds, asthma, odontalgia, hepatitis, T.B., malaria, skin burns, lice-infestation	44	0.14	28	0.64	0.93	86.4	79	1■2■3■4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9♦10■11●12■13■14●15■16♦17●18♦19♦20■21■22■
14.	Caralluma edulis Benth. ex Hook.f. ISNI-RC-90	Asclepiadaceae	Chonga	Caralluma	P	H	W	LE. juice, extract; WP. powder	Oral	Anthelmintic, diuretic, diabetes	31	0.10	17	0.55	0.66	67.7	44	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
15.	Ageratum conyzoides L. ISNI-RC-06	Asteraceae	Knar	Goat weed	A	H	W	LE. paste, juice, extract; FL. decoction; ST. powder; WP. juice; RT. juice	Topical, Oral and as Eye drop	Jaundice, wounds, febricity, cough, flu, sexual dysfunction,, hair fall, cataract, indigestion	40	0.12	19	0.48	0.85	72.5	60	1♦2■3●4♦5●6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
16.	Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. ISNI-RC-91	Asteraceae	Chaou	Wormwood	B	H	W	LE. extract;WP. powder; FL.; SH. Decoction	Topical, Oral	Hair tonic, antidote, malarial fever, laxative	45	0.14	27	0.60	0.95	84.4	79	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10●11♦12●13♦14♦15■16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21■22●
17.	Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb. ISNI-RC-92	Asteraceae	Pholi	Wild safflower	A	H	W	SD. oil; FL.	Oral	Jaundice, obesity, ulcer, male infertility, bronchitis, thrombosis	32	0.10	15	0.47	0.68	71.9	48	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6●7♦8♦9♦10●11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
18.	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. ISNI-RC-07	Asteraceae	Kandaal	Creeping thistle	P	H	W	LE. Juice; FL.; RT. decoction; ST.	Topical, Oral	Ringworm, hepatic ulcer, body tonic, cough, asthma	34	0.11	15	0.44	0.72	73.5	52	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17●18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
19.	Conyza bonariensis L. Cornq. ISNI-RC-08	Asteraceae	Gider booti	Hairy fleabane	A/P	H	W	WP. Extract; RT. decoction; LE. Infusion, juice	Oral	Irregular menstruation, diarrhea, rheumatoid, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, dysentery	38	0.12	19	0.50	0.80	76.3	60	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12■13♦14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19■20■21♦22♦
20.	Lepidium didymum L. ISNI-RC-09	Asteraceae	Jangli halon	Swine cress	A/B	H	W	ST. powder; LE. infusion; WP. Juice; SH. extract; FL. decoction	Topical, Oral	Bone fracture, tumors, rheumatism, blood purifier, nerve tonic, cold, flu and fever	36	0.11	19	0.53	0.76	77.8	58	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
21.	Eclipta prostrata L. ISNI-RC-10	Asteraceae	Sofed banghara	Trailing eclipta plant	P	H	W	WP. poultice, powder, decoction; LE. juice/tea, powder; RT. decoction	Topical, Oral	Blood purifier, malaria, skin burns, hepatic tumor, hair oil	30	0.09	14	0.47	0.63	70.0	44	1♦2●3●4♦5♦6●7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12■13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
22.	Launaea procumbens Roxb. Ramayya & Rajagopal ISNI-RC-94	Asteraceae	Pili dodhak	Creeping launaea	P	H	W	LE. paste, extract, juice, decoction; WP. decoction	Topical, Oral and as Bath	Sexual disorder, skin infection, febricity, blood purification, renal disorder	25	0.08	9	0.36	0.53	52.0	27	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16■17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
23.	Parthenium hysterophorus L. ISNI-RC-14	Asteraceae	Gandi boti	Feverfew	A/P	H	W	RT. Juice; FL. powder; WP. decoction, juice; LE. juice, extract	Oral	Laxative, emmenagogue odontalgia, anthelminthic, hyperglycemia, body tonic	29	0.09	12	0.41	0.61	58.6	35	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6●7■8♦9♦10■11●12●13■14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19●20●21♦22♦
24.	Sonchus asper Hill. ISNI-RC-11	Asteraceae	Asgandh, Dodak	Spiny leaved Sowhistle	A	H	W	WP. powder; LE. paste; SH. decoction; RT. and L.E. decoction	Topical, Oral	Febricity, cough, bronchial asthma, purgative, wounds, indigestion	27	0.08	12	0.44	0.57	55.6	31	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13■14■15■16■17♦18●19♦20♦21♦22●
25.	Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund ISNI-RC-93	Asteraceae	Peeli booti	Dandilion	A	H	W	LE. paste, powder, decoction; RT. decoction	Topical, Oral	Antidote, diabetes, constipation, liver disorder	28	0.09	11	0.39	0.59	57.1	33	1♦2♦3♦4♦5●6■7♦8●9♦10●11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16●17♦18■19■20♦21♦22■
26.	Xanthium strumarium L. ISNI-RC-13	Asteraceae	Chhota Dhatura	Cocklebur	A	H	W	RT. powder; FR. decoction; LE. powder, decoction	Topical, Oral and as Toothbrush	Malaria, skin ulcer, spinal trauma, indigestion, small pox, scrofulous tumors, odontalgia	26	0.08	11	0.42	0.55	57.7	31	1♦2♦3●4♦5♦6●7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12●13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21■22■
27.	Heliotropium strigosum Willd. ISNI-RC-95	Boraginaceae	Gorkh paan	Hairy heliotrope	A/P	H	W	WP. powder, extract; LE. extract	Oral	Blood purifier, urinary tract infection, liver tonic	31	0.10	16	0.52	0.66	71.0	46	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
28.	Trichodesma indicum (L.) Lehm. ISNI-RC-96	Boraginaceae	Kulfa	Tricodescum	A	H	W	LE. decoction, extract, paste	Topical, Oral	Fever, diarrhea, antidote, rheumatism, diuretic	39	0.12	19	0.49	0.82	71.8	58	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15■16♦17♦18■19●20●21♦22♦
29.	Brassica rapa L. ISNI-RC-16	Brassicaceae	Sarsoon	Field mustard	B	H	C	SD. powder; WP. cocked; LE. decoction	Topical, Oral	Eczema, blood purification, body tonic	33	0.10	16	0.48	0.70	78.8	54	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13●14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
30.	Sisymbrium irio L. ISNI-RC-15	Brassicaceae	Khoob Kalan	London rocket	A	H	W	SD. poultice; FR. powder, decoction, infusion; WP. juice	Topical, Oral	Ophthalmia, indigestion, mumps and measles, skin ulcer, wounds	37	0.12	17	0.46	0.78	78.4	60	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9♦10●11♦12●13■14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21■22♦
31.	Cannabis sativa L. ISNI-RC-83	Cannabaceae	Bhang	Marijuana	P	S	W/C	LE. paste, extract, infusion; WP. powder; SD. decoction; LE. and SD. juice	Inhale,Topical and as Oral	Constipation, dysentery sedative, snake bite intoxicant, lice infestation, diuretic, purgative, asthma,	46	0.14	29	0.63	0.97	82.6	79	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7●8●9♦10■11♦12■13■14♦15♦16♦17♦18●19♦20♦21■22■
32.	Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew ISNI-RC-18	Capparidaceae	kerda, kair	Caper plant	P	T	W	LE. paste; ST. and FL. powder; SH. decoction; BA. powder; SD and FL. decoction; FR.; RT. powder	Topical, Oral	Male sexual dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, anthelminthic, indigestion, hepatic disorder, boils, sciatic and joint pain	35	0.11	17	0.49	0.74	77.1	56	1♦2♦3♦4●5♦6♦7■8♦9■10■11■12♦13♦14■15♦16♦17■18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
33.	Stellaria media (L.) vill. ISNI-RC-19	Caryophyllaceae	Gandhar	Chickweed	A	H	W	LE. paste, poultice, extract WP. decoction; SD.	Topical, Oral	Bone fracture, constipation, itching, wounds, joint pain	30	0.09	14	0.47	0.63	70.0	44	1♦2♦3♦4♦5●6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16■17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
34.	Ceratophyllum demersum L.* ISNI-RC-129	Ceratophyllaceae	Kind-e-Hill	Common contail	P	H	W	LE. juice, decoction, paste	Topical, Oral	Gastric ulcer, diarrhea Biliousness, scorpion stings	40	0.12	27	0.68	0.85	87.5	73	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
35.	Chenopodium album L. ISNI-RC-20	Chenopodiaceae	Bathu	Lamb’s quarter	A	H	W/C	SH. and FL. juice; WP. cooked; RT. decoction; LE. juice, infusion	Oral	Purgative, indigestion, hepatic disorder, urodynia, rheumatic pain, anthelminthic	47	0.15	31	0.66	0.99	80.9	79	1●2■3♦4♦5♦6■7●8♦9■10■11♦12■13■14■15♦16■17■18♦19♦20♦21■22■
36.	Chenopodium ambrosioides L. ISNI-RC-21	Chenopodiaceae	Chandan bathwa	Sweet pigweed	A/P	H	W	SH. and FL. juice; WP. juice; LE. decoction, powder, infusion	Topical, Oral	High blood pressure, irregular menstruation, piles, odontalgia, laxative, indigestion	32	0.10	15	0.47	0.68	71.9	48	1♦2●3♦4♦5●6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22■
37.	Chenopodium murale L. ISNI-RC-22	Chenopodiaceae	Karund	Australian-spinach	A	H	W	SD. powder; ST. and LE. paste; WP. decoction; LE. powder, decoction	Topical, Oral and as Snuff	Indigestion, backbone pain, cold and cough, sexual dysfunction, anthelminthic	38	0.12	17	0.45	0.80	76.3	60	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9■10♦11●12■13●14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
38.	Bassia indica (Wight) A.J.Scott ISNI-RC-24	Chenopodiaceae	Boi	Indian bassia	A/B	H	W	LE. oil, decoction; FR.	Gargle, Oral	Heart oil, urodynia, odontalgia, tumors	36	0.11	16	0.44	0.76	77.8	58	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9♦10♦11●12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
39.	Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. ISNI-RC-23	Chenopodiaceae	Khaari	Akali seepweed	P	S	W	WP. decoction; ST. ash, decoction; LE. decoction, juice	Topical, Oral	Urodynia, blood purifier, hepatic tumor, snakebite, kidney and bladder stone, hair oil	34	0.11	17	0.50	0.72	79.4	56	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10●11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
40.	Convolvulus arvensis L. ISNI-RC-25	Convolvulaceae	Lehli/Vahri	Deer’s Foot	A/P	H	W	LE. paste, juice; WP. extract, cooked; RT.	Topical, Oral	Laxative, blood purifier, joint pain, hair oil, ulcer	29	0.09	9	0.31	0.61	65.5	40	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6●7■8♦9■10●11■12●13●14■15●16♦17●18♦19♦20♦21■22♦
41.	Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken ISNI-RC-97	Crassulaceae	Zakhm-i-hayat	Air Plant	P	H	C	LE. extract, paste, juice; RT. infusion	Topical, Oral	Wound healing, dysentery, kidney and pancreatic stone, epilepsy	27	0.08	9	0.33	0.57	63.0	35	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
42.	Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. ISNI-RC-98	Cucurbitaceae	Tuma	Bitter apple	P	H	W	FR.; SD. oil	Topical, Oral	Laxtive, amenorrhea Stomachaches, hair tonic constipation, jaundice	25	0.08	8	0.32	0.53	60.0	31	1■2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9■10■11♦12♦13■14■15♦16♦17■18♦19♦20♦21■22●
43.	Cucumis melo L. ISNI-RC-99	Cucurbitaceae	Jangli Kharboza	Pickling melon	A	H	W	FR. decoction; LE. paste; FR.	Topical, Oral	Dysuria, leucorrhea Eczema, purgative	28	0.09	8	0.29	0.59	64.3	38	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13●14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
44.	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. ISNI-RC-100	Cuscutaceae	Neeli Taar	Giant dodder	A	H	W	SD.; WP. decoction, paste; ST. decoction	Topical, Oral	Urinary disorder, headache, carminative and anodyne, constipation	26	0.08	8	0.31	0.55	61.5	33	1●2■3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8●9♦10●11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17●18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
45.	Cyperus rotundus L. ISNI-RC-26	Cyperaceae	Daila	Nut grass	P	H	W/C	RH. paste, powder, decoction; LE. decoction, paste; RT. infusion	Topical, Oral	Urodynia, anthelminthic, dermatitis, indigestion, lactation, hypersplenism	47	0.15	32	0.68	0.99	80.9	79	1♦2●3♦4♦5♦6■7●8●9♦10■11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
46.	Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. ISNI-RC-27	Euphorbiaceae	Neeli Booti	Giradol	A	H	W	ST. juice; LE. extract decoction, juice	Eye drop, Oral	Indigestion, Throat ache, vomiting, eye redness	39	0.12	25	0.64	0.82	74.4	60	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
47.	Croton bonplandianus Baill. ISNI-RC-32	Euphorbiaceae	Ban tulsi	Herbel piment	P	H	W	WP. juice, decoction; RT. powder; LE. juice, decoction, poultice; ST. juice	Topical, Oral	Bone Fracture, gastric ulcer, hemorrhage, hair tonic, dermatitis, dengue fever, cardiac tonic	31	0.10	21	0.68	0.66	67.7	44	1♦2●3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
48.	Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. ISNI-RC-31	Euphorbiaceae	Bamburi	Dragon spurge	A/P	H	W	FR. juice; LE. powder, paste, juice	Topical, Oral	Lice infestation, head ache, snakebite, skin parasites, epilepsy	35	0.11	23	0.66	0.74	71.4	52	1♦2♦3♦4●5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
49.	Euphorbia helioscopia L. ISNI-RC-28	Euphorbiaceae	Chhatri Dodak	Sun euphorbia	A	H	W	WP. powder, latex, juice; SH.; RT.; SD.	Topical, Oral and as Eye drop	Anthelminthic, athlete’s foot, eye sores, asthma, constipation, cholera	39	0.12	23	0.59	0.82	74.4	60	1♦2♦3♦4●5♦6♦7■8♦9■10■11●12■13■14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19■20■21♦22♦
50.	Euphorbia pilulifera L. ISNI-RC-29	Euphorbiaceae	Aam dodak, Doddak	Asthma weed	A	H	W	WP. juice, latex, decoction; SD.and FL. powder; LE. juice	Topical, Oral and as Eye drop	Cough, bronchial asthma, indigestion, diarrhea, eye pain, skin burns, cut and wounds	33	0.10	22	0.67	0.70	66.7	46	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12●13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
51.	Euphorbia prostrate Aiton. ISNI-RC-30	Euphorbiaceae	Doodi Buti	Creeping spurge	P	H	W	LE. infusion, latex, decoction; WP. extract	Topical, Oral	Dysentery, hepatic ulcer, eczema, blood purifier, hyperglycemia, bladder stone, diarrhea	37	0.12	22	0.59	0.78	67.6	52	1♦2●3♦4●5♦6●7■8●9■10■11♦12♦13■14■15♦16♦17♦18■19♦20♦21♦22♦
52.	Acacia modesta Wall. ISNI-RC-42	Fabaceae	Phulai	Amritsar gum	P	T	W	ST. extract, gum; ST. and LE. latex; LE. extract; BA. ash, powder	Topical, Oral and as Toothbrush	Aerodontalgia, flatulence, tonic, body tonic, joint pain, bronchitis	32	0.10	21	0.66	0.68	65.6	44	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7■8♦9■10■11■12♦13■14♦15■16♦17●18♦19♦20♦21■22♦
53.	Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile ISNI-RC-41	Fabaceae	Kikar	Babul acacia	P	T	W	FL. powder; LE. decoction, paste; BA. powder, ash, decoction; ST. gum;	Oral, Anal and as Toothbrush	Hyperglycemia, indigestion, dysentery, backbone and joints pain, odontalgia, piles, jaundice	45	0.14	31	0.69	0.95	82.2	77	1●2●3♦4♦5♦6■7●8♦9■10■11■12●13■14♦15●16♦17■18■19♦20♦21♦22♦
54.	Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. ISNI-RC-104	Fabaceae	Sharin	Lebbeck tree	P	T	W	FL.; SD.; ST. (Branches); FR. Decoction	Oral	Sexual disorders, impotency tonic, diuretic, blood purifier, asthma	34	0.11	22	0.65	0.72	67.6	48	1♦2♦3●4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10♦11●12●13♦14♦15♦16♦17■18♦19■20■21♦22♦
55.	Alhagi maurorum Medik. ISNI-RC-58	Fabaceae	Jawansa	Camel thorn	P	S	W	BA. decoction, powder; BA. ash; LE. decoction, paste; FL. powder; ST. gum	Oral, Toothbrush and as Anal	Hyperglycemia, indigestion, dysentery, backbone and joints pain, odontalgia, piles, jaundice	38	0.12	25	0.66	0.80	76.3	60	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6●7●8♦9■10●11♦12♦13♦14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21■22♦
56.	Cassia fistula L. ISNI-RC-105	Fabaceae	Amaltas	Golden shower	P	T	W	SD. powder; FL. powder; RT. extract; LE. poultice	Topical, Oral	Gastric, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, pustule	46	0.14	29	0.63	0.97	87.0	83	1♦2●3■4♦5♦6♦7●8●9♦10♦11♦12■13■14♦15●16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22■
57.	Dalbergia sissoo DC. ISNI-RC-57	Fabaceae	Tali	Indian rose wood	P	T	W	WP. decoction; RT. decoction; LE. decoction; FR. powder; RT. infusion; SD. powder	Topical, Oral	Bladder and kidney stone, laxative, piles, bronchial asthma, cough, rheumatism, skin burn, blood purifier	43	0.13	28	0.65	0.91	81.4	73	1●2♦3●4♦5♦6●7●8♦9■10●11●12●13■14■15●16♦17■18♦19■20■21♦22♦
58.	Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. ISNI-RC-107	Fabaceae	Gorakh pan	Common Indigo	A	H	W	WP. decoction; LE. extract; RT. paste; SD.	Topical, Oral	Skin eruption, emollient, swelling joints, tonic	36	0.11	21	0.58	0.76	69.4	52	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6●7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12●13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
59.	Melilotus indicus (L.) All. ISNI-RC-108	Fabaceae	Sinjahi	Sweet clover	A	H	W	LE. paste; WP. powder	Oral	Emollient, diarrhea swellings, bowl complaints, carminative, digestive, skin rash	20	0.06	6	0.30	0.42	40.0	17	1♦2♦3♦4♦5■6♦7♦8♦9■10♦11♦12■13♦14■15♦16■17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
60.	Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre ISNI-RC-56	Fabaceae	Such chain	Pongam oiltree	P	T	C	LE. powder; FL. powder; BA. decoction; RT. juice, SD. oil; ST.	Topical, Oral	Tooth pain, rheumatic pain, anthelminthic, flatulence, hyperglycemia, wounds and skin ulcer	30	0.09	12	0.40	0.63	60.0	38	1♦2●3♦4♦5♦6■7■8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
61.	Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce ISNI-RC-43	Fabaceae	Jhand	Prosopis	P	S	W/C	FR. powder, paste; ST. decoction; BA. powder; FL. powder; LE. paste, juice	Topical, Oral and as Eye drop	Bladder stone, skin boils, scorpion sting, eye infection, leucorrhoea, dysentery, hepatic ulcer	28	0.09	9	0.32	0.59	57.1	33	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9■10●11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
62.	Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. ISNI-RC-40	Fabaceae	Mosquet pod	Honey mesquite	P	T	W	BA. powder; LE. poultice, juice; FL. infusion; WP. decoction; ST.	Toothbrush, Topical and as Oral	Bladder stones, tooth pain, breast tumor, bronchial asthma, galactagogue, boils	26	0.08	9	0.35	0.55	53.8	29	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21■2♦
63.	Trifolium resupinatum L. ISNI-RC-55	Fabaceae	Loosin	Reversed clover	A	H	W	FL. powder; WP. infusion, decoction	Gargle, Oral	Throat ache, cough, skin ulcer, sedative, liver tonic, indigestion	22	0.07	9	0.41	0.47	45.5	21	1♦2♦3♦4♦5●6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
64.	Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley ISNI-RC-101	Fumariaceae	Papra	Indian fumitory	A	H	W	WP. decoction; FL. decoction; FR. Juice; LE. Infusion, tea	Oral	Malaria, constipation, cancer, flu, blood purifier	24	0.07	9	0.38	0.51	50.0	25	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10■11●12●13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19■20■21■22■
65.	Najas graminea Delile* ISNI-RC-12	Hydrocharitaceae	Naiad	Ricefield Waternymph	A	H	W	WP.; LE. paste	Topical	Goiter and boils, anticancer	29	0.09	16	0.55	0.61	55.2	33	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
66.	Vallisneria spiralis L.* ISNI-RC-122	Hydrocharitaceae	Sawala	tape grass	P	H	W	WP.; LE. paste	Topical, Oral	Leucorrhea, rheumatism	27	0.08	16	0.59	0.57	51.9	29	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
67.	Lemna minor L.* ISNI-RC-17	Lemnaceae	Cheetri	Duck weed	A	H	W	LE. poultice; WP. decoction, powder	Topical, Oral	Skin rashes, antipyretic, diuretic	23	0.07	9	0.39	0.49	47.8	23	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
68.	Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet. ISNI-RC-102	Malvaceae	Pelae	Indian mallow	A/B	H	W	LE. paste, decoction; SD.; WP. powder	Topical, Oral	Syphilis, laxative, piles, bronchial asthma	40	0.12	26	0.65	0.85	82.5	69	1♦2■3●4♦5♦6●7♦8♦9♦10●11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
69.	Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. ISNI-RC-37	Malvaceae	Gurhal	Rose mallow	P	S	C	RT. powder; LE. tea, juice, paste; FL. juice, powder; FL.	Topical, Oral	Sexual dysfunction, leucorrhoea, asthma, skin ulcer, cardiac pain, carminative, diarrhea	41	0.13	25	0.61	0.87	80.5	69	1♦2●3♦4♦5♦6●7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13■14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
70.	Malva parviflora L. ISNI-RC-34	Malvaceae	Sonchal	Cheese-weed	A	H	W	SH. and SD. decoction; SH.; LE. decoction, extract, poultice	Topical, Oral	Constipation, abortifacient, sore throat, cough, febricity, scorpion bite	25	0.08	7	0.28	0.53	44.0	23	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10■11●12♦13●14♦15♦16■17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
71.	Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke ISNI-RC-35	Malvaceae	Dhamni Buti	False mallow	A	H	W	WP. powder; LE. poultice, decoction, paste	Topical, Oral	Skin sores, eczema, wounds, diarrhea, asthma	40	0.12	23	0.58	0.85	42.5	35	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12■13●14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19■20■21♦22♦
72.	Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. ISNI-RC-36	Malvaceae	Max mallow	Sleeping hibiscus	P	S	C	LE. juice, decoction; FL. infusion, decoction	Topical, Oral	Throat ache, diarrhea, febricity, Skin eruption	30	0.09	17	0.57	0.63	40.0	25	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8●9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
73.	Marsilea minuta L.* ISNI-RC-103	Marsiliaceae	Chopatti	Water clover	P	F	W	LE. juice, decoction; FL. infusion, decoction	Topical, Oral	Throat ache, diarrhea, febricity, lice-infestation	38	0.12	21	0.55	0.80	76.3	60	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
74.	Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ISNI-RC-39	Meliaceae	Neem	Neem	P	T	W/C	LE. decoction, infusion, paste; SD. oil; ST; BA. decoction; LE. paste	Oral, Toothbrush and as Topical	Hyperglycemia, malarial fever, Blood purifier, vermifuge, headache, small pox, aerodontalgia, hepatic ulcer, rheumatic pain	82	0.26	61	0.74	1.00	100.0	100	1■2■3●4♦5♦6♦7●8●9♦10♦11♦12●13■14♦15♦16♦17■18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
75.	Melia azedarach L. ISNI-RC-38	Meliaceae	Dhraikh	Chinaberry	P	T	W/C	ST. decoction; BA. powder; LE. juice, decoction, paste, infusion, extract	Topical, Oral and as Bath	Malaria, itching, wound healing, urinary stones, hypertension, hyperglycemia, blood purification	32	0.10	18	0.56	0.68	75.0	50	1♦2●3♦4♦5♦6●7●8●9♦10■11■12■13■14♦15■16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22■
76.	Ficus benghalensis L. ISNI-RC-106	Moraceae	Bohr	Banyan tree	P	T	W	ST. latex; LE. decoction	Oral	Premature ejaculation, syphilis and gonorrhea, male sexual power	73	0.23	53	0.73	1.00	95.9	96	1■2●3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10●11♦12●13■14♦15♦16♦17●18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
77.	Ficus benjamina L. ISNI-RC-44	Moraceae	Kabar	Weeping Fig	P	T	W	ST. decoction; BA. and LE. cocked; LE. decoction; FR.; WP. powder	Topical, Oral	Stomachache, skin ulcers, flatulence, rheumatic pain, blood purification	36	0.11	19	0.53	0.76	66.7	50	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦15●
78.	Ficus racemosa L. ISNI-RC-45	Moraceae	Gular	Cluster tree	P	T	W/C	ST. latex; FR.; BA. decoction, powder; LE. juice	Topical, Oral and as Anal	Diarrhea, adiposity, flatulence, piles, ulcer and boils	34	0.11	16	0.47	0.72	64.7	46	1♦2■3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
79.	Ficus religiosa L. ISNI-RC-46	Moraceae	Pipal	Sacred Fig	P	T	W	RT. extract; ST. powder; FR. powder; LE. infusion, paste, decoction	Topical, Oral	Body tonic, bronchial asthma, heart blockage, leucorrhea, ulcer, hypoglycemia	31	0.10	15	0.48	0.66	67.7	44	1♦2●3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9●10♦11♦12■13●14■15♦16♦17●18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
80.	Ficus virens Aiton ISNI-RC-47	Moraceae	Palakh	White Fig	P	T	W	ST. latex; BA. infusion; FR. powder	Oral	Hyperglycemia, ulcer, breast tumor	39	0.12	20	0.51	0.82	74.4	60	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
81.	Morus alba L. ISNI-RC-48	Moraceae	Shahtoot	White mulberry	P	T	C	LE. and BA. decoction; WP. decoction; ST. latex; LE. juice; FR. juice, decoction	Topical, Oral	Cough, constipation, hepatic ulcer, tonsils, snake bite, hypoglycemia	74	0.23	54	0.73	1.00	94.6	95	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9■10■11♦12■13■14■15■16♦17●18■19♦20♦21■22■
82.	Morus nigra L. ISNI-RC-49	Moraceae	Kala toot	Black mulberry	P	T	C	RT. Powder; LE. infusion, decoction; FR. juice, decoction; WP. decoction	Gargle, Oral	Sore throat, cough, asthma, flu, aerodontalgia, hypoglycemia, constipation, vermifuge, carminative	75	0.23	52	0.69	1.00	97.3	97	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6●7■8♦9♦10■11●12♦13■14♦15■16♦17♦18■19♦20♦21♦22■
83.	Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. ISNI-RC-51	Myrtaceae	Safaida	River red-gum	P	T	W	LE. oil, extract, juice, decoction	Gargle, Oral	Sinusitis, sore throat, cold, cough, febrifuge, flu	37	0.12	18	0.49	0.78	73.0	56	1■2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13●14♦15♦16♦17■18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
84.	Psidium guajava L. ISNI-RC-50	Myrtaceae	Amrud	Guava	P	S	C	FL. decoction; LE. extract, decoction, infusion; FR.	Gargle, Oral	Diarrhea, hyperglycemia, urodynia, carminative, cough, vermifuge, aerodontalgia, febricity, flu	33	0.10	15	0.45	0.70	69.7	48	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8●9♦10■11♦12♦13■14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
85.	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.* ISNI-RC-118	Nelumbonaceae	Sacred lotus	Kanwal	P	H	W	RT. paste; FL. Juice; LE. paste; RH. paste	Oral, Topical	Piles, diarrhea, headache, ring worm, cardio-tonic	35	0.11	18	0.51	0.74	71.4	52	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
86.	Boerhavia diffusa L. ISNI-RC-52	Nyctaginaceae	Itsit	Horse-purslane	A/P	H	W	RT. powder, decoction; LE. paste; WP. infusion	Topical, Oral	Dysmenorrhea, cough, snake bite, bronchial asthma, kidney failure, flu	21	0.07	6	0.29	0.44	38.1	17	1●2♦3■4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
87.	Nymphaea lotus L.* ISNI-RC-119	Nymphaeaceae	Kamiyan	Lotus	P	H	W	LE. and BA. decoction; WP. powder; RT.	Oral	Malarial fever, diuretic, enteritis	29	0.09	13	0.45	0.61	51.7	31	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
88.	Jasminum officinale L. ISNI-RC-53	Oleaceae	Malti	Poet’s jasmine	P	S	C	LE. extract; FL. decoction; WP. extract; ST. extract, juice	Topical, Oral	Febricity, cough, anthelmintic, scabies, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, heart burn	47	0.15	28	0.60	0.99	85.1	83	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15■16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
89.	Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. ISNI-RC-54	Oleaceae	Motia	Arabian jasmine	P	S	C	RT. decoction; LE. paste, juice, decoction, extract; FL. juice	Topical, Oral	Conjunctivitis, wound and cuts, emmenagogue, febricity, breast cancer, ulcer, insomnia	45	0.14	26	0.58	0.95	86.7	81	1♦2■3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
90.	Oxalis corniculata L. ISNI-RC-33	Oxalidaceae	Khatti Buti	Clover sorrel	P	H	W	RT. decoction; WP. powder, decoction; LE. paste, cooked	Topical, Oral and as Eye drop	Diarrhea and dysentery, hepatitis C, wounds, eye inflammation, vermifuge, sexual dysfunction	21	0.07	9	0.43	0.44	42.9	19	1♦2♦3●4♦5●6●7●8●9♦10■11♦12●13■14●15■16●17●18■19♦20♦21♦22●
91.	Argemone mexicana L. ISNI-RC-109	Papaveraceae	Stianasi	Mexican poppy	P	H	W	FL. powder; LE. extract	Topical, Oral	Sexual problems, premature ejaculation, spermatoria, emollient, purgative	44	0.14	24	0.55	0.93	86.4	79	1♦2♦3●4♦5●6■7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
92.	Avena sativa L. ISNI-RC-110	Poaceae	Jungli jai	Common oat	A	G	W	WP. powder; LE. infusion	Oral	Nerve tonic, antispasmodic, diuretic	25	0.08	9	0.36	0.53	48.0	25	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9■10♦11♦12●13■14■15♦16♦17●18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
93.	Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hoschst. & Steud. ISNI-RC-60	Poaceae	Cheetah gha	White buffel grass	A/P	G	W	ST. juice; FR. decoction; LE. infusion, juice, extract	Topical, Oral	Eczema, cough, T.B., asthma, skin irritation, epilepsy, piles	27	0.08	11	0.41	0.57	51.9	29	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
94.	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ISNI-RC-61	Poaceae	Khanbal gha	Bermuda grass	P	G	W	RT. infusion; WP. juice, paste, decoction; RH. Decoction, oil	Topical, Oral and as Eardrops	Stomachache, bladder stones, eye inflammation, high blood pressure, itching, earache	23	0.07	11	0.48	0.49	47.8	23	1♦2●3♦4♦5♦6●7■8●9■10●11●12■13●14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
95.	Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. ISNI-RC-62	Poaceae	Madhana gha	Crow’s foot grass	A	G	W	WP. paste; RT.; SD.	Topical, Oral	Uterine prolapse, kidney stones, indigestion, ulcer and wounds	30	0.09	14	0.47	0.63	46.7	29	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
96.	Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf ISNI-RC-63	Poaceae	Murgha gha	Ringed dichanthium	P	G	W	ST. and LE. decoction; ST. powder; LE. juice, infusion, paste;	Topical, Oral	Abortifacient, diarrhea, indigestion, piles, antispasmodic, scabies	22	0.07	7	0.32	0.47	40.9	19	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9■10♦11♦12♦13♦14●15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
97.	Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ISNI-RC-64	Poaceae	Madhani	Goose grass	A	G	W	LE. juice; RT. powder; RH. extract; WP. decoction, tea, infusion	Topical, Oral	Febricity, dysentery, irregular menstruation, hyperglycemia, hair tonic, food poisoning	26	0.08	10	0.38	0.55	42.3	23	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12●13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦15●
98.	Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. ISNI-RC-65	Poaceae	Dabh gha	Cogon grass	P	G	W	RT. decoction; RH. decoction; LE. paste; SH. and LE. paste	Topical, Oral	Body tonic, hypertension, wounds and cuts, urodynia, febricity	24	0.07	9	0.38	0.51	50.0	25	1♦2♦3●4♦5♦6♦7■8●9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
99.	Panicum antidotale Retz. ISNI-RC-123	Poaceae	Sonali	Giant panic	A	G	W	ST. decoction; LE. juice, infusion	Topical, Oral	Respiratory tract infection, appetite, gonorrhea, skin diseases	28	0.09	13	0.46	0.59	46.4	27	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10■11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
100.	Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. ISNI-RC-120	Poaceae	Nur	Common reed	P	G	W	RT. paste; WP. decoction	Topical, Oral	broken bones, rheumatic pain, diaphoretic	41	0.13	25	0.61	0.87	48.8	42	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12●13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
101.	Saccharum spontaneum L.* ISNI-RC-124	Poaceae	Kahn	Wild cane	P	G	W	RT. decoction; WP. powder; LE. paste	Topical, Oral	Skin eruption, fever, body pain, vermifuge, wounds	35	0.11	19	0.54	0.74	71.4	52	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
102.	Setaria glauca (L.) P.Beauv. ISNI-RC-66	Poaceae	Bajra	Yellow foxtail	A/P	G	W	SD.; LE. infusion, juice; ST. decoction	Topical	Wound healing, dermatitis, ring worm, tonic, hair tonic	31	0.10	17	0.55	0.66	77.4	50	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
103.	Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ISNI-RC-67	Poaceae	Baru	Johnson grass	P	G	W	ST. juice; SD. powder; RT. decoction	Topical, Oral	Stomachache, emollient, boils, cough	33	0.10	19	0.58	0.70	69.7	48	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
104.	Triticum aestivum L. ISNI-RC-59	Poaceae	Kanak	Wheat	A	G	C	SH. decoction; SD. decoction, paste, powder; RT. decoction	Topical, Oral	Colon cancer, wound healing, anemia, asthma, late puberty, hyperglycemia	37	0.12	21	0.57	0.78	59.5	46	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8●9♦10♦11♦12■13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
105.	Polygonum plebeium R. Br. ISNI-RC-68	Polygonaceae	Hind rani	Small knotweed	A	H	W	RT. decoction, LE. extract; SH. decoction; WP. powder, paste	Topical, Oral	Eczema, galactagogue, pneumonia, liver-tonic, heartburn, regular bowl	70	0.22	50	0.71	1.00	91.4	91	1♦2♦3●4♦5♦6●7■8♦9♦10●11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
106.	Rumex dentatus L. ISNI-RC-69	Polygonaceae	Jangli palak	Toothed dock	A	H	W	WP. decoction; LE. and RH. poultice; RT. powder, decoction	Topical, Oral	Eczema, wounds and cuts, constipation, body tonic	35	0.11	21	0.60	0.74	74.3	54	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14■15■16■17♦18♦19■20■21♦22■
107.	Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. ISNI-RC-111	Pontederiaceae	Dasi Kulfa	Water-hyacinth	A	H	W	LE. infusion, paste; ST. powder	Topical, Oral	Piles, constipation, cold, flu, respiratory diseases, vermifuge, antiseptic	32	0.10	18	0.56	0.68	68.8	46	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6●7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
108.	Portulaca quadrifida L. ISNI-RC-112	Portulacaceae	Kulfa	Common purslane	A	H	W	WP. powder, LE. infusion	Oral	Jaundice, liver and spleen problems	44	0.14	26	0.59	0.93	81.8	75	1♦2♦3●4♦5♦6●7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16●17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
109.	Anagallis arvensis L. ISNI-RC-70	Primulaceae	Bilibooti	Scarlet pimpernel	A	H	W	ST. powder; LE. and FL. decoction; WP. juice, paste	Topical, Oral	Skin ulcer, leprosy, hepatitis C, epilepsy	36	0.11	20	0.56	0.76	63.9	48	1♦2♦3●4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9●10♦11♦12■13♦14●15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
110.	Ranunculus laetus wall. ex Hook. f. & J.W. Thomson* ISNI-RC-113	Ranunculaceae	Sarsoon booti	Celery-leaved buttercup	A	H	W	LE. paste; FL. extract; SD.; RT. extract	Topical, Oral	Skin infection, conjunctivitis, body tonic, antirheumatic	38	0.12	20	0.53	0.80	73.7	58	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
111.	Ranunculus sceleratus L. ISNI-RC-71	Ranunculaceae	Gul-e-ashrafi	Blister buttercup	A/B	H	W	WP. infusion, juice, decoction; RT. paste; SD.	Topical, Oral	Febricity, body tonic, asthma, muscle hamstring, urinary incontinence, anthelmintic	34	0.11	18	0.53	0.72	58.8	42	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
112.	Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl ex Hornmen) J.F. Macbr.* ISNI-RC-114	Resedaceae	Shootk	Lineleaf oligomeris	A	H	W	SD.; WP. infusion, juice; LE. tea	Oral	Diarrhea, jaundice, throat pain and cough, menstrual problems	30	0.09	16	0.53	0.63	53.3	33	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
113.	Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight and Arn. ISNI-RC-73	Rhamnaceae	baer	Jujube	P	S	W	LE. paste, decoction; BA. decoction; FR. powder	Topical, Oral	Body tonic, hyperglycemia, constipation, scabies, sore throat and cold	28	0.09	13	0.46	0.59	50.0	29	1♦2♦3■4♦5♦6●7■8♦9♦10■11■12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18■19●20●21■22♦
114.	Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. ISNI-RC-72	Rhamnaceae	bairi	Chinese apple	P	T	W	BA. and LE. decoction; BA. powder; LE. decoction, extract, juice; RT. decoction	Topical, Oral, Bath and as Gargle	Chicken pox, ulcers, diarrhea, asthma, toothache, jaundice	40	0.12	24	0.60	0.85	40.0	33	1♦2●3●4♦5♦6♦7■8●9♦10♦11●12●13●14♦15♦16♦17■18♦19♦20♦21●22♦
115.	Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng. ISNI-RC-74	Rutaceae	Kari patta	Curry leaf	P	T	C	LE. decoction, juice, infusion, paste; BA. powder; SD.	Topical, Oral	Hyperglycemia, skin eruption, diarrhea, rheumatic pain, eye inflammation, hair oil	38	0.12	21	0.55	0.80	65.8	52	1♦2●3■4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12●13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
116.	Salvadora oleoides Decne. ISNI-RC-115	Salvadoraceae	Pelo	Toothbrush tree	P	S	W	ST (Branches); FR.	Oral, Toothbrush	Tonic, stomachache, toothache	34	0.11	16	0.47	0.72	61.8	44	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9■10■11♦12♦13♦14■15♦16♦17■18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
117.	Veronica polita Fr. ISNI-RC-75	Scrophulariaceae	Veroni	Greyfield speedwell	A	H	W	ST. and LE. cooked; LE. tea, juice; ST. and LE. decoction	Oral	Stomachache, blood purifier, nerve-tonic, cough	42	0.13	4	0.10	0.89	45.2	40	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
118.	Misopates orontium (L.) Raf.* ISNI-RC-116	Scrophulariaceae	Kutta Phool	Snapdragon	A	H	W	WP. extract; LE. poultice, Juice	Topical, Oral and as Eye drop	Contusions, tumors and ulcers, eye inflammation	24	0.07	13	0.54	0.51	45.8	23	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
119.	Datura innoxia Mill. ISNI-RC-79	Solanaceae	Datura	Thorn apple	P	S	W	WP. powder; SD. paste; LE. decoction, extract; FR.; ST. infusion; RT. decoction	Oral, Inhale and as Topical	Rabies, piles, cough, asthma, lice-infestation, premature ejaculation, purgative, narcotic and sedative	29	0.09	15	0.52	0.61	55.2	33	1♦2♦3●4●5♦6●7■8♦9♦10♦11■12♦13●14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
120.	Solanum nigrum L. ISNI-RC-76	Solanaceae	Mako	Night shade	A	H	W	LE. powder, cocked, decoction; LE. extract; LE. and FL. juice; RT. pate; WP. Decoction	Topical, Oral and as Eye drop	Breast cancer, diarrhea, febricity, ulcer, chicken pox, hyperglycemia, piles, cardiac pain, sore eyes, cuts and wounds	85	0.26	69	0.81	1.00	100.0	100	1♦2●3●4●5♦6●7●8●9■10■11♦12♦13■14■15■16■17■18■19♦20♦21♦22■
121.	Solanum surattense Burm.f. ISNI-RC-77	Solanaceae	Kundiari	Thorny nightshade	P	H	W	WP. cooked, decoction; FR. paste; RT. decoction; LE. and FR. decoction	Oral, Topical	Kidney stones, febricity, heel cracks, anthelmintic, asthma, wound healing, liver tonic, rheumatic arthritis	90	0.28	74	0.82	1.00	94.4	94	1●2●3●4●5♦6●7■8●9■10■11●12♦13♦14■15■16♦17●18●19♦20♦21♦22●
122.	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. ISNI-RC-78	Solanaceae	Asgandh	Winter cherry	P	H	W	LE. paste, decoction, powder; WP. powder; FR.; FL. powder; RT. powder	Oral, Topical and as Snuff	Malarial fever, stomachache, night mare, hyperglycemia, asthma, irregular menstruation, breast cancer, wounds	95	0.30	80	0.84	1.00	100.0	100	1■2♦3♦4■5♦6■7■8♦9■10■11■12■13■14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
123.	Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd ISNI-RC-80	Starculiaceae	Kanakchanpa	Maple-leaved Bayur tree	P	T	W/C	FL. paste, infusion, decoction; BA. powder	Topical, Oral	Piles, vermifuge, impotency, body tonic, swellings	25	0.08	12	0.48	0.53	40.0	21	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
124.	Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst. ISNI-RC-81	Tamaricaceae	Athel tamarisk	Rukh	P	T	W	LE. poultice, paste, decoction; BA. ash	Topical, Oral	Febricity, wound and boils eye infection, cough and cold	34	0.11	17	0.50	0.72	67.6	48	1●2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7●8♦9■10■11♦12♦13♦14■15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
125.	Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth ISNI-RC-117	Tamaricaceae	Rukh	Tamarisk	P	S	W	BA. powder; LE.	Oral	Pile, tonic, cough, diarrhea, antiseptic, spleen disorder and liver problems	32	0.10	15	0.47	0.68	68.8	46	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6■7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17■18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
126.	Trapa bispinosa Roxb.* ISNI-RC-126	Trapaceae	Singhara	Water chestnut	A	H	W/C	FR.; SD. powder, paste	Oral	Diarrhea and dysentery, dysuria, body energizer, menstrual disorder	37	0.12	19	0.51	0.78	73.0	56	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11♦12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
127.	Typha angustata Bory & Chaub. ISNI-RC-121	Typhaceae	Kundar	Long Cattails	P	H	W	RH. paste; FL.	Oral	Diarrhea and dysentery, mumps and measles, gonorrhea	33	0.10	18	0.55	0.70	69.7	48	1♦2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7♦8♦9♦10♦11●12♦13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
128.	Lantana camara L. ISNI-RC-84	Verbenaceae	Lantana	Lantana	P	S	W	RT. extract; FL. extract; LE. juice, decoction, paste	Topical, Oral	Ringworm, headache, aerodontalgia, malarial fever, rheumatoid arthritis, cuts and wounds, injuries, cough, cold,	43	0.13	25	0.58	0.91	81.4	73	1♦2♦3♦4♦5●6♦7■8♦9■10♦11♦12■13♦14♦15♦16♦17♦18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦
129.	Tribulus terrestris L. ISNI-RC-85	Zygophyllaceae	Gukhro	Puncture vine	A/B	H	W	FR. powder, decoction; LE. paste; WP. powder, decoction	Topical, Oral	Dysentery and diarrhea, urodynia, irregular menstruation, wounds, dyspepsia	61	0.19	41	0.67	1.00	90.2	90	1■2♦3♦4♦5♦6♦7■8♦9■10■11♦12♦13■14♦15●16♦17■18♦19♦20♦21♦22♦

^aLife habits/life forms: C cultivated, W wild, G grass, S shrubs, H herbs, T trees, P perennial, B biennial, A annual
^bPlant parts: RH rhizome, BA bark, FL flower, SD seed, WP whole plant, SH shoot, ST stem, RT root, FR fruit, LE leaf
^cQuantitative indices: FC frequency of citation, RFC relative frequency of citation, UR use report, UV use value, RIL relative importance level, FL fidelity level, CFL corrected fidelity level
*Plants species which are newly reported in this study
(■) = Plant with similar use(s); (●) = plant with dissimilar use (s); (♦) = plant not reported in previous study
Previously used: (1) Ullah et al. [62]; (2) Mollik et al. [79]; (3) Verma et al. [80]; (4) Rahman et al. [72]; (5) Chaitanya et al. [73]; (6) Mahmood et al. [15]; (7) Umair et al. [13]; (8) Luitel et al. [74]; (9) Ahmed et al. [75]; (10) Malik et al. [76]; (11) Murad et al. [46]; (12) Zahoor et al. [61]; (13) Rehman et al. [77]; (14) Ahmed et al. [78]; (15) Ahmed et al. [81]; (16) Abbasi et al. [82]; (17) Mussarat et al. [83]; (18) Rashid et al. [84]; (19) Amjad et al. [43]; (20) Shaheen et al. [85]; (21) Aziz et al. [86]; (22) Hussain et al. [87]

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