Table 2 Information on class II

1

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc*

马兜铃*

Root

Aerial parts

Indications: dyspnea asthma, cough and bloody sputum due to heat in the lung; bleeding, and swollen and painful hemorrhoids due to heat in the large intestine [10]

Indications: blood disease, clung disease, liver disease, foorgan disease, badkan diseases, plague disease [15]

D

Respiratory and digestive disorders

Respiratory and digestive disorders

2

Cervidae

Cervus elaphus Linnaeus

马鹿

Antler

Antler and testis

Indications: impotence, emission, carbuncle, sores, and swelling [10]

Indications: vertigo, impotence, flaccid limbs, deafness, and metrorrhagia [15]

B

Reproductive and locomotor system ailments

Reproductive and urinary system disorders

3

Cervidae

Cervus nippon Temminck

梅花鹿

Antler

Antler and testis

Indications: impotence, emission, carbuncle, sores, and swelling [10]

Indications: vertigo, impotence, flaccid limbs, and deafness, metrorrhagia [15]

B

Reproductive and locomotor system ailments

Reproductive and urinary system disorders

4

Asteraceae

Inula racemosa J. D. Hooker *

土木香*

Roots

Roots

Indications: distending pain in the chest, hypochondria and epigastrium, vomiting and diarrhea; bruise or sudden sprain of the cheat with pain during breathing; abortion threat [10]

To remove heat from blood [12]

A

Digestive disorders

Immune system ailments and digestive disorders

5

Asteraceae

Dolomiaea souliei (Franchet) C. Shih

川木香

Roots

Roots

Indications: abdominal distension, gurgling sound, and diarrhea [10]

Indications: loss of appetite, gastric ulcer, abdominal distension, and rheumatism [15]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

6

Crassulaceae

Rhodiola crenulata(Hook. f. et Thoms. )H. Ohba *

大花红景天*

Roots and rhizome

Roots and rhizome

Indications: constriction in the chest with heart pain, apoplexy, lassitude, and asthma [10]

Indications: nausea, vomiting, cyanosis on the lips and palm due to climatic sickness; loss of strength, chest distress, insomnia and dream-disturbed sleep, and also used for tuberculosis [14]

A

Digestive and nervous system ailments

Digestive, and nervous system ailments

7

Brassicaceae

Raphanus sativus L.

萝卜

Aerial parts

Roots

To promote digestion and stop thirst, remove heat, and counteract toxicity.

Indications: masses in the abdomen, obstinate phlegm, dyspepsia due to stomach cold, eye disease, consumptive thirst, constipation, and influenza [16]

D

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

8

Fabaceae

Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv.

花苜蓿

Seed

Whole plant

To remove toxic-heat, relieve cough, and arrest bleeding [9]

Indications: boils and measles, cough due to heat in the lung [7]. External use to eliminate inflammation and arrest bleeding [8]

B

Respiratory disorders

Respiratory disorders

9

Liliaceae

Allium sativum L.

大蒜

Bulb

Bulb

Indications: carbuncle, furuncles, skin disease, phthisis, cough, diarrhea, and dysentery [10]

Indications: carbuncle toxin, skin diseases, cold, hemorrhoids, urinary retention, and leprosy [14]

A

Respiratory disorders

Urinary , respiratory and digestive disorders

10

Malvaceae

Malva crispa Linn. *

冬葵*

Roots, stem, seed, and leaf

Flower and fruits

Indications: enuresis, edema, thirst, and urinary infection with oliguria [10]

Indications: anuresis, gonorrhea, edema, thirst, and seminal emission [7]

D

Urinary system disorders

Urinary, reproductive system disorders

11

Myristicaceae

Myristica fragrans Houtt.*

肉豆蔻*

Kernel

Kernel

Indications: deficiency-cold of the spleen and stomach with persistent diarrhea, epigastric and abdominal distension and pain, anorexia, and vomiting [10]

Indications: rheumatic heart disease, abdominal pain due to cold in the stomach, dyspepsia, feeling of anxiety in the qi deficiency syndrome, and epidemic febrile disease [16]

A

Digestive disorders

Circulatory system disorders

12

Myrtaceae

Ewgewia caryophyllata Thunb.*

丁香 *

Flower bud

Flower bud

Indications: hiccup, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain with cold sensation [10]

Indications: hiccup, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain with cold sensation, and impotence [8]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

13

Pedaliaceae

Sesamum indicum L.

胡麻《藏标》

Seed

Seed

To replenish the liver and kidney, tonify blood, moisten intestines, and promote lactation [10]

Indications: wind syndrome of head and dizziness due to yin deficiency of the liver and kidney, constipation in deficiency syndrome [8]

A

Reproductive and nervous system ailments and digestive disorders

Reproductive and nervous system ailments and digestive disorders

14

Sciuridae

Trogopterus xanthipes

复齿鼯鼠

Dry excrement

Excrement, meat

To activate blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis, and arrest bleeding [10]

Excrement: promote the flow of blood and dredge the meridians, eliminate blood stasis and pain, use for stomach pain, dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea; meat: gynecological diseases, and oxytocin, contraception [16]

B

Digestive, reproductive and locomotor system ailments

Digestive, reproductive system disorders

15

Piperaceae

Piper nigrum L.*

胡椒*

Fruit

Fruit

Indications: vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and loss of appetite due to cold in the stomach; inappetence, and epilepsy with profuse phlegm [10]

Indications: badkan diseases, cold phlegm, indigestion, vomiting and dysentery due to cold, and abdominal pain with cold sensation [8]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

16

Ranunculaceae

Aconitum pendulum Busch

铁棒锤

Tuber

Tuber, seedling, roots

To dispel wind and relieve pain, remove blood stasis, arrest bleeding, reduce swelling, and remove toxin [9]

Indications: rlung diseases, cold diseases, yellow fluid diseases, leprosy, and epilepsy [7]

B

Locomotor system ailments

Nervous system ailments

17

Rubiaceae

Rubia cordifolia L.*

茜草*

Roots

Roots, rhizome, and whole plant

Indications: spitting of blood, epistaxis, abnormal uterine bleeding, traumatic bleeding; amenorrhea, arthralgia, and traumatic swelling and pain [10]

Indications: whole grass: pneumonia, nephritis and trichomonal vaginitis; root; spitting of blood, epistaxis, hematochezia, abnormal uterine bleeding, menstrual disorders, menoxenia abdominal pain, ecchymoma pain, trauma injury, and bloody dysentery [12]

B

Digestive, locomotor system ailments

Digestive, reproductive and locomotor system ailments

18

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia fischeriana Steudel *

狼毒*

Roots

Roots

To cause urination, remove indigestion, and kill parasites [10]

Indications: boils and sores, scrofula, external use for dermatitis, and ulceration [7]

A

Immune system ailments

Respiratory and immune system ailments

19

ApiaceaeApiaceae

Coriandrum sativum L.

芫荽

Fruits

Fruits

Indications: measles, cold, indigestion, and loss of appetite [9]

Indications: indigestion, loss of appetite, thirst, gastric ulcer, measles, cold, stomach diseases, and dysentery [7]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

20

Zingiberaceae

Amomum kravanh Pierre ex Gagnep

白豆蔻

Seed

Fruits

To promote the flow of qi and arrest vomiting, warm the stomach, and promote digestion [10]

Indications: heart disorder, gastropathy, and nephropathy characterized by cold [16]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive, urinary system disorders

21

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd

大高良姜

Fruits

Fruits, rhizome

To stimulate the functional activity of the stomach by expelling cold, promote the flow of qi, and relieve pain [10]

Indications: fruit; nephropathy, gastropathy [15] Rhizome; precordial and abdominal pain with cold sensation; indigestion due to stomach-cold, loin pain in kidney deficiency syndrome, and lung abscess [16]

B

Digestive disorders

Digestive, respiratory disorders