Table 2 List of wild plants used as foodstufs in Yeşilli District

Allium ampeloprasum L.

Amarylidaceae

115232

Summe (A),

Sirik (K)

As (1), Ku (18)

Herb

Leaves, Bulbs

Boiled then added to yogurt and bulgur soup, added into cheese

Raw as salad

0.31

[44, 52, 60, 70, 81]

Allium chloranthum Boiss.

Amarylidaceae

115738

Serspik Sirik, Sirim (K)

Ku (10)

Herb

Leaves

Added into cheese, raw, added to salad

0.16

Not reported

Allium wendelboanumKollmann^a

Amarylidaceae

115 737

Serspik, Sirik, Sirim (K)

Ku (6)

Herb

Leaves

Added into cheese

Raw as salad

0.09

Not reported

Amaranthus retroflexus L.

Amaranthaceae

115734

Koksor (K)

Ku (25)

Herb

Aerial parts

Boiled then fried with egg, cooked as soup with yogurt and bulgur

0.40

[32, 33, 37, 40,41,42, 50, 51, 69, 80,81,82, 94]

Anchusa strigosa Banks & Sol.

Boraginaceae

115247

Hımhım (A), Gûrîz (K)

Ar (11), As (5), Ku (39)

Herb

Young leaves

Flowers nectar

Boiled then fried with onion, medicinal

Its nectar sucked

0.88

[26, 31, 94]

Arum rupicola Boiss.

Araceae

116014

Kardi (K)

Ar (3), Ku (10)

Herb

Leaves

Boiled then fried with onion, medicinal

0.21

[55, 70, 72, 94, 98]

Capparis sicula subsp. sicula Veill.

Capparaceae

115267

Kebere (K)

Ar (2), As (4), Ku (14)

Shrub

Buds

Raw as salad, pickled

0.32

[26,27,28, 41, 52, 56, 65]

Celtis tournefortii Lam.

Cannabaceae

115293

Gernoso (S)

Gıngırêz (A)

Teêv, Tuêv (K)

As (5), Ku (20)

Tree

Fruits

Raw as a snack, prepared a mixture, medicinal

0.40

[28, 40, 49, 81, 82]

Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss.

Asteraceae

115257

Sitrîzerk(K)

Ku (9)

Herb

Young leaves

Raw as salad

0.14

[26]

Centaurea virgata Lam.

Asteraceae

115268

Deqnişeh (A), Tal (K)

As (2)

Herb

Young leaves

Raw as salad

0.03

Not reported

Cerasus mahaleb var. mahaleb (L.) Mill.

Rosaceae

115684

Mahlab (S)

Mahlep, Mahleb (A-K)

As (5)

As (5), Ku (4)

Shrub

Fruits

Prepared liqueur and wine

Raw as a snack, medicinal

0.08

0.15

[70]

Cerasus microcarpa subsp. microcarpa (C.A.Mey.) Boiss.

Rosaceae

115677

Fıkt (A)

As (3), Ku (26)

Shrub

Fruits

Raw as a snack, medicinal

0.29

[49, 60, 94]

Cerasus prostrata var. prostrata (Labill.) Ser.

Rosaceae

115732

Belalûk (K)

Fıkt (A)

Ĥorişmê (S)

Ku (11)

Shrub

Fruits

Raw as a snack, medicinal

0.18

Not reported

Chenopodium album L.

Amaranthaceae

115729

Serbîmast (K)

Ku (12)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Boiled and then fried eggs added, cooked a soup with yogurt and bulgur

0.19

[30, 32,33,34, 37, 38, 42, 43, 49, 53, 54, 59, 63, 65, 69, 71, 72, 78,79,80,81,82, 84, 88, 89, 92,93,94]

Chondrilla juncea var. juncea L.

Asteraceae

115248

Ilke (A)

Ku (9)

Herb

Young leaves

Raw as salad, added to salad

0.14

[33, 38, 41, 42, 50, 65, 78,79,80, 94]

Convolvulus arvensis L.

Convolvulaceae

115674

Lavlavk (K), Lıblebê (A)

As (3), Ku (16)

Herb

Aerial parts

Boiled and then fried eggs added, cooked a soup with yogurt and bulgur

0.19

[27, 32, 37, 58, 59, 63, 65, 74, 75, 78, 89, 92, 94]

Crataegus azarolus var. azarolus L.

Rosaceae

115250

Givîj, Gîjok, Gûhîj (K), Ğızran (A)

As (5), Ku (33)

Tree

Fruits

Raw as a snack

0.61

[52, 82, 96]

Crocus cancellatus Herbert subsp. damacenus (Herbert) Mathew

Iridaceae

115940

Hılhılêye (A)

Pîvok (K)

As (3), Ku (35)

Herb

Corm

Raw as a snack after pelling off the outher part

0.61

[26,27,28, 79, 94]

Echinophora tenuifolia L. subsp. sibthorpiana (Guss.) Tutin

Apiaceae

115670

Mırbela (A)

As (5)

Herb

Young stems

Raw as a snack after peeling off the outher part

0.08

[26, 27, 41,42,43, 49, 58, 74, 78, 81, 92]

Echinops orientalis Trautv.

Asteraceae

115703

Gelo helvo pevero (S)

As (5)

Ku (21)

Herb

Receptacle

Dried latex

Raw as a snack

0.16

[27, 40, 60, 70, 78]

Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. bithynicus (Boiss.) Greuter

Asteraceae

115283

Gelo helvo pevero (S)

As (5)

Herb

Receptacle

Dried latex

Raw as a snack

0.08

[40]

Echium italicum L.

Boraginaceeae

115234

Hımhım (A), Mijok (K)

As (2), Ku (9)

Herb

Flowers, nectar

Its nectar sucked, medicinal

0.18

[26, 40,41,42]

Elaeagnus angustifolia L.

Elaeagnaceae

115235

Sinç (K)

Ku (31)

Shrub

Fruits

Flowers

Raw as a snack

As tea

0.50

[32, 36, 37, 49, 52, 69, 78, 79, 93, 94]

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér

Geraniaceae

116438

Derzikepire (K)

Ar (5), Ku (15)

Herb

Leaves, fruits,

stems

Eaten raw

Raw as a snack after pelling off the outher part

0.32

[26, 31, 41, 42, 50, 57, 58, 65, 73, 75, 89, 99]

Eryngium creticum Lam.

Apiaceae

115236

Beektire/Ekkeyde (A)

Ar (15), As (4)

Herb

Petioles

Young stem, young roots

Raw as a snack

Raw as a snack after pelling off the outher part, medicinal

0.29

[48, 49, 73]

Euphorbia helioscopia subsp. helioscopia L.

Euphorbiaceae

115254

Lahye (A)

As (2), Ku (8)

Herb

Aerial parts

Added to molasses, to improve the test of molasses, direct or dry

0.16

[41]

^bFicus carica subsp. carica L.

Moraceae

115943

Hejîr (K)

Tin (A)

Ar (15), As (5), Ku (39)

Tree

Fruits

Raw as a snack, dried eaten

0.96

[20, 26, 37, 38, 40, 43, 50, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62, 63, 72, 75, 82, 86, 92, 96]

Ficus carica L. subsp. rupestris (Hausskn.) Browicz

Moraceae

115699

Kerik hejîr (K), Tin (A)

As (5), Ku (15)

Shrub

Fruits

Raw as a snack, dried eaten

0.32

[27, 40, 94]

Gagea villosa (M.Bieb.) Sweet

Liliaceae

116418

Şeqılarab(A)Şînêrak(K)

Ku (10)

Herb

Corm

Raw as a snack after peeling off the outher part

0.16

Not reported

Geocaryum cynapioides (Guss.) Engstrand subsp. macrocarpum (Boiss. & Spruner) Menemen

Apiaceae

115681

Ceviz il arz (A)

Gûzê ardê (K)

As (5)

Herb

Tubers

Raw as a snack

0.08

Not reported

Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Fabaceae

115 667

Meyan/Sus/ Sûs (A-K)

Ar (12), As (5), Ku (34)

Herb

Roots

Prepared as syrup, medicinal

0.83

[26, 27, 32, 41, 48, 52, 78, 79, 81, 82, 93]

Gundelia tournefortii L.

Asteraceae

115711

Arkue (A),

Êrgudê (S)

Kereng, Herşev (K),

Ar (6), As (5), Ku (39)

Herb

Petioles

Roots, stems

Raw as a snack

Young stems and roots are eaten after pelling off the outher part as a snack, boiled and then fried, eggs added, boiled and then the soup is preparedby adding yogurt and bulgur

0.80

[26, 27, 31, 33, 40,41,42, 52, 55, 60, 65, 70, 72, 78, 80,81,82, 84, 86, 89, 94, 96, 98, 99]

Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss.

Brassicaceae

115307

Herdlo (S)

Xerdel (A-K)

Ku (7)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Raw as a snack, as salad, medicinal

0.11

[107]

Iris persica L.

Iridaceae

116013

Birbîzêk,

Birbîzêka mîha (K),

Birxızeylê (A)

As (2)

Ku (8)

Herb

Tepals

Raw as a snack

0.16

[82, 94]

Iris reticulata M. Bieb.

Iridaceae

116000

Birbîzêk,

Birbîzêka bizina (K),

Birxızeylê (A)

As (2),

Ku (8)

Herb

Tepals

Raw as a snack

0.16

[31, 82]

^bJuglans regia L.

Juglandaceae

115679

Cevz (A)

Gûz (K)

Ar (12), As (5), Ku (28)

Tree

Seeds

Eaten as dried nuts

0.73

[20, 28, 35,36,37,38, 40, 41, 49, 55, 57, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70,71,72, 82, 92, 94]

Lathyrus cassius Boiss.

Fabaceae

115721

Baqilê bizinan (K)

Ku (10)

Herb

Young seeds

Raw as a snack

0.16

Not reported

Lepidium draba L.

Brassicaceae

115252

Qınêber (K)

Ar (18), As (5), Ku (37)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Raw as a snack, as salad, fried with salad and eggs added

0.96

[26, 27, 31, 32, 42, 44, 53, 55, 69, 81, 84, 89, 93]

Malva neglecta Wallr.

Malvaceae

115242

Hıbbeze (A), Tolig, Tolik (K)

Ar (10), As (4), Ku (34)

Ku (30)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Fruit

Boiled and then fried with onion, medicinal

Raw as a snack

0.77

[26, 28, 30,31,32,33,34, 36, 38, 40, 44, 47,48,49, 51,52,53,54,55, 59, 62, 65, 76, 78,79,80,81,82, 84, 88, 89, 94, 98, 99]

Mentha longifolia (L.) L.

Lamiaceae

115243

Nahne, Nınha (A),

Pûng (K)

Ar (18), As (3), Ku (26)

Herb

Leaves, young aerial parts

As spices, medicinal

As tea

0.75

[32,33,34, 38, 40, 44, 47,48,49, 51,52,53,54, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65, 69, 70, 72, 74,75,76, 78, 80,81,82, 84,85,86,87,88,89, 94, 96, 98, 99]

Nasturtium officinale R.Br., Aiton

Brassicaceae

115903

Tûzik (K)

Ku (31)

Herb

Young aerial part

Raw as a snack, as salad

0.50

[41,42,43, 51, 55, 59, 64, 71, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 98, 99]

Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass.

Asteraceae

116415

Aynbeloqê (A)

Kelbeşe belek (K)

Ar (7), As (4), Ku (39)

Herb

Young stems

Raw as a snack after pelling off the outher part

0.80

[26, 28, 50, 96]

^bOlea europaea L.

Oleaceae

115262

Zeitûn (A-K)

Ar (8), As (5), Ku (20)

Tree

Fruit, oil

Eaten conserved, medicinal

0.50

[37, 38, 42, 50, 71, 92]

Onopordum carduchorum Bornm. & Beauverd

Asteraceae

116442

Kelbeşakaran (K)

Ar (6), As (5), Ku (39)

Herb

Young stems

Raw as a snack after pelling off the outher part

0.80

[28, 31, 55]

Onosma roussaei DC.

Boraginaceae

115712

Hımhım (A), Mîjok (K)

Ku (7)

Herb

Flowers nectar

Its nectar sucked

0.12

[31]

Onosma alborosea Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Boraginaceae

115316

Hımhım (A),

Mîjok (K)

As (2), Ku (10)

Herb

Flowers nectar

Its nectar sucked

0.19

Not reported

Papaver glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn. Ex Boiss.

Papaveraceae

115249

Kulîlka Bûk û Zava, Kulîlka Nisanê, Kulîlka erebo (K), Qırçeh (A)

Ku (12)

Herb

Young leaves

Raw as salad, fried, medicinal

0.19

Not reported

Papaver macrostomum Boiss. & A.Huet

Papaveraceae

115680

Kulîlka Nisanê (K)

As (3), Ku (32)

Herb

Young leaves

Raw as salad, fried, medicinal.

0.22

[65, 78, 94, 99]

Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. palaestina (Boiss.) Engler

Anacardiaceae

115944

Batmê (S)

Bittim (K)

Bıttım (A)

Ar (10), As (4), Ku (16)

Shrub

Unripe fruits

Raw as a snack or preparing a coffee

0.48

[30, 38, 41,42,43, 50, 52, 56, 59, 60, 65, 75, 78, 81, 86]

Pisum fulvum Sibth. & Sm.

Fabaceae

115724

Baqilê xatûnî (K)

Ku (10)

Herb

Young seeds

Raw as a snack

0.16

Not reported

Polygonum cognatum Meissn.

Polygonaceae

115275

Casûrik (K)

Ar (5)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Raw as a snack, as salad, fried or boiled then added to yogurt

0.08

[32,33,34,35,36, 40,41,42,43,44, 48, 49, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 65, 70, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 84, 88, 89, 93, 94]

Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulacaceae

115241

Pirpar (A-K), Parparık (K)

As (5), Ku (19)

Herb

Aerial parts

Raw in salads, cooked as vegetable, medicinal.

0.38

[31, 33, 55, 59, 70, 75, 82, 96, 98]

Quercus brantii Lindl.

Fagaceae

115902

Berû (K)

As (1), Ku (17)

Tree

Seed

Roasted in embers, medicinal

0.29

[31, 38, 52]

Rosa canina L.

Rosaceae

115255

Gulşîlav (K)

As (5), Ku (28)

Shrub

Fruits

Raw as a snack, medicinal

0.53

[20, 32,33,34,35,36, 38, 40, 41, 47,48,49, 51,52,53, 55, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 69,70,71,72, 74, 75, 78, 81, 82, 86, 93, 94, 96]

Rosa foetida J. Herrm.

Rosaceae

116444

Verdasfar (A), Gulşîlave zer (K)

As (4), Ku (36)

Shrub

Petals

Raw as a snack

0.65

Not reported

Rosularia radiciflora Borris.

Crassulaceae

116459

Tirîke pîrê (K)

Tulfilasfor (A)

As (2), Ku (5)

Herb

Leaves

Raw as a snack

0.11

Not reported

Rhus coriaria L.

Anacardiaceae

115280

Sımaq (A-K)

Ar (18), As (5), Ku (32)

Shrub

Fruit

As spice

0.88

[20, 28, 31, 34, 38, 41, 52, 55, 60, 65, 66, 71, 75, 78, 81, 82, 86, 92, 96]

Rubus sanctus Schreb.

Rosaceae

115306

Durîreşk, Durîhişhişok (K)

As (3), Ku (30)

Shrub

Fruits

Raw as a snack

0.54

[20, 30, 31, 37, 38, 49, 50, 55, 60, 63, 66, 71, 75, 81, 82, 92]

Rumex crispus L.

Polygonaceae

115271

Sumaksevaqi (A), Tirşuq (K)

As (3), Ku (9)

Herb

Young leaves

As a wrapping material for ‘sarma’

0.19

[32, 33, 36, 37, 41,42,43, 49, 52,53,54,55, 58, 65, 69, 71, 75, 76, 78, 80, 84, 88, 96, 98]

Rumex obtusifolius L. subps. subalpinus (Schur) Celak.

Polygonaceae

115309

Sumaksevaqi (A), Sabûna leglegê (K)

As (3), Ku (12)

Herb

Young leaves

As a wrapping material for ‘sarma’

0.24

[41, 45, 75]

Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. horizantalis (Koch) Rech.

Polygonaceae

115256

Sumaksevaqi (A), Tirşuq (K)

As (4), Ku (7)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Raw as a snack

0.18

[30, 32, 36, 44, 47, 53, 59, 60, 70, 72, 76, 94]

Salvia syriaca L.

Lamiaceae

115671

Carboe (A)

Ar (14)

Herb

Gall

Raw as a snack

0.23

[31, 52, 94]

Sedum pallidum Bieb.

Crassulaceae

116434

Tirîke pîrê (K)

Tulfilasfor (A)

As (2), Ku (5)

Herb

Leaves

Raw as a snack

0.11

Not reported

Silene dichotoma Erh.

Caryophyllaceae

116417

Şekirok (K)

As (5)

Herb

Young seeds

Raw as a snack

0.08

[31, 33, 55]

Sinapis alba subsp. alba L.

Brassicaceae

115315

Xerdel (A-K)

Ar (18), As (4), Ku (29)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Young leaves

Fried with onion

Raw as a snack

0.82

[26, 28, 41, 42, 92, 99]

Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata L.

Lamiaceae

115700

Cehter, Cahter (K)

As (4), Ku (25)

Shrub

Aerial parts

As spice

0.46

[28, 30, 31, 38, 43, 55, 74, 78, 86]

Thymus kotschyanus subsp. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen.

Lamiaceae

115706

Cehter, Cahter (K)

Ku (9)

Shrub

Aerial parts

As spice

0.14

[32, 38, 60, 62, 70, 74, 78, 81, 82]

Tragopogon latifolius Boiss. var. angustifolius Boiss.

Asteraceae

115687

Gezrik (K)

Ku (7)

Herb

Young leaves and roots

Raw as a snack

0.11

[33, 42, 58, 65, 89, 94]

Tragopogon porrifolius L. subsp. longirostris (Sch. Bip.) Greuter

Asteraceae

116428

Gezrik (K)

Ku (6)

Herb

Young leaves and roots

Raw as a snack

0.10

[31, 41, 42, 99]

Urtica dioica L.

Urticaceae

115253

Gezgezik (K)

Kırays (A)

Ar (14), As (5), Ku (26)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Fried with onion and then eggs added, medicinal

0.72

[20, 26, 28, 30,31,32,33,34, 36, 40, 42,43,44, 48,49,50, 52,53,54,55, 58,59,60, 62,63,64,65, 69,70,71,72, 75,76,77,78,79,80,81, 86, 88, 89, 92, 94, 98]

Urtica pilulifera L.

Urticaceae

115258

Gezgezok (K)

Ku (15)

Herb

Young aerial parts

Raw as a snack, fried with onion and then eggs added, medicinal

0.24

[30, 33, 36, 55]

Vicia palaestina Boiss.

Fabaceae

115723

Baqilê çukan (K)

Ku (11)

Herb

Young seed

Raw as a snack

0.18

[26]

Vicia pannonica var. pannonica Crantz

Fabaceae

115716

Baqilê gan (K)

Ku (10)

Herb

Young seed

Raw as a snack

0.16

[31]

Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. var. nigra

Fabaceae

115722

Baqilê maran (K)

Ku (18)

Herb

Young seed

Raw as a snack

0.29

[27, 49, 52, 63]