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Table 1 Geo-relations of six villages in the research area

From: Changes in traditional ecological knowledge of forage plants in immigrant villages of Ningxia, China

Ecological immigrant type

Ecological immigration location

Migration distance

Migration date

Neighboring village of the emigration area

Immigrants from the Liupan Mountain water conservation area

Village a, Liushutai Village Group 2 in Xinzhuang, inhabited by people who moved from Shangwan Village in Xinmin, Jingyuan County, Guyuan

Approximately 300 km

2006

Village e: Zhangtai Village Team 3 in Xinmin, Jingyuan County, Guyuan, which is an unmoved neighboring village of the original Shangwan Village in Xinmin, Jingyuan County, Guyuan

Immigrants from loess hilly areas

Village b: Yongxin Village Xinquan Group in Liuquan, inhabited by people who moved from Talachuan in Hechuan Village, Jiatang, Haiyuan County, Zhongwei

Approximately 200 km

1999

Village f: Chenwan Team of Baotai Village in Jiatang, Haiyuan County, Zhongwei, which is an unmoved neighboring village of the original Talachuan natural village of Hechuan Village in Jiatang, Haiyuan County, Zhongwei

Immigrants from key arid and sandstorm control areas under dryland–to–nearby wetland migration projects

Village c: Xiangyuan Village Xiangyuan Group in Dahe, inhabited by people who moved from Shuayishan Village in Shitangou Town, Tongxin County, Wuzhong

Approximately 20 km

2000

No residents near the emigration area

Immigrants from key arid and sandstorm control areas under dryland–to–nearby wetland migration projects

Village d: Shuitao Village Group 1 in Liuquan, inhabited by people who moved from Shuitao Village - Wanghutai Village in Weizhou, Tongxin County, Wuzhong

Approximately 2 km

2000

No residents near the emigration area

  1. The dryland-to-nearby wetland migration projects resettle immigrants from deep mountain areas lacking water sources and transportation to nearby flat areas with water sources, with the migration distance less than 20 km
  2. Neighboring village of the emigration area refers to the village that remains in the vicinity of the immigrants’ original residence