Skip to main content

Table 3 Inventory of WEP species in Honghe terraced rice paddy system

From: Wild edible plants collected by Hani from terraced rice paddy agroecosystem in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan, China

Scientific name

Vernacular Name

Life form

Family name

Parts used

Preparation and uses

Study sites

Voucher number

FUI

UV

Gymnospermae

Gnetum montanum Markgr.

Wo ni ai xi

Liana

Gnetaceae

Seed

Cooked thoroughly and eaten (kernel)

Lüchun County

201,606–19

0.6

0.21

Gnetum pendulum C.Y.Cheng

Mang dao

Liana

Gnetaceae

Seed

Cooked thoroughly and eaten (kernel)

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-31

0.5

0.16

Angiospermae

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C.Sm.

Hei lao hu

Liana

Schisandraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–04

2.4

0.44

Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

Pa huo

Herb

Saururaceae

Rhizome

Potherb or flavoring agent

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-54

4.5

0.89

Piper betle L.

Fa qie wei niu

Liana

Piperaceae

Leaf

Flavoring agent

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–39

2.7

0.55

Michelia hedyosperma Y.W.Law

Ma la

Tree

Magnoliaceae

Seed

Flavoring agent

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-39

2.8

0.44

Alphonsea mollis Dunn

 

Tree

Annonaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–35

2.0

0.57

Litsea akoensis var. sasakii (Kamik.) J.C. Liao

 

Tree

Lauraceae

Fruit

Flavoring agent

Lüchun County

201,606–26

2.4

0.54

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.

Mo ye la pi

Shrub

Lauraceae

Fruit

Flavoring agent

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–12

2.0

0.54

Litsea pungens Hemsl.

Si bi a si

Tree

Lauraceae

Fruit

Flavoring agent

Baohua Township

201,511–43

4.9

0.92

Acorus gramineus Aiton

Ji xiang

Herb

Acoraceae

Leaf, rhizome

Flavoring agent

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–13

2.8

0.46

Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch

Jia mo

Herb

Araceae

Tender leaf, tuber

Making “tofu”

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–09

2.9

0.43

Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook. f.

Bo ju

Herb

Araceae

Petiole

Potherb (cooked thoroughly)

Xiaoxinjie Township

201,506–06

4.0

0.80

Sagittaria trifolia L.

Wo qi

Herb

Alismataceae

Tender leaf, rhizome

Potherb (stewed or stir-fried)

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–24

2.4

0.46

Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour.

Ai la ma a si

Liana

Dioscoreaceae

Tuber

Cereal substitute in famine time

Xiaoxinjie Township

201,506–05

2.4

0.43

Dioscorea subcalva Prain et Burkill

Mo mo mang

Liana

Dioscoreaceae

Tuber

Making “tofu” (similar to konjac tofu)

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-45

2.6

0.46

Heterosmilax yunnanensis Gagnep.

Guo ge niao, a guo guo ne

Shrub

Smilacaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb (blanched in boiled water, then soaked in cold water for days. Usually stir-fried or made into soup)

The junction of Lüchun County and Yuanyang County

201,506–08

2.7

0.47

Caryota urens L.

Ha da a bo

Tree

Arecaceae

Flower

Snack (inflorescence sap is sweet)

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–13

0.9

0.20

Commelina benghalensis Forssk.

A wei ya mo

Herb

Commelinaceae

Tender Leaf, tender stem

Potherb (boiled for 5–10 min, then soaked in water to debitterize)

Lüchun County

LB-27

2.0

0.49

Commelina diffusa Burm.f.

Nuo niu pao

Herb

Commelinaceae

Whole plant

Potherb (usually stewed with pork)

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–15

2.9

0.42

Streptolirion volubile Edgew.

Mo dui dui han

Herb

Commelinaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb (made into soup)

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-16

2.2

0.56

Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl

Mi zuo wa, a bei bei za, e za, e bi ra

Herb

Pontederiaceae

Stem and leaf

Potherb

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-48

2.0

0.47

Musa acuminata Colla

Ruo a pao ruo a wo

Herb

Musaceae

Fruit, flower, pith part

Fruit: eaten fresh; flower and pith part: cooked as potherb

Baohua Township

201,511–44

3.8

0.70

Musa itinerans Cheesman

 

Herb

Musaceae

Flower, young bract

Potherb

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-14

2.6

0.41

Amomum maximum Roxb.

Sa jia hong bi

Herb

Zingiberaceae

Fruit

Flavoring agent

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–12

2.7

0.52

Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig

A ci a ye

Herb

Zingiberaceae

Flower, shoot

Potherb (usually stewed or stir fried)

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–53

2.3

0.45

Zingiber striolatum Diels

 

Herb

Zingiberaceae

Flower

Potherb

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–22

3.0

0.73

Acidosasa hirtiflora Z.P.Wang and G.H.Ye

 

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–20

0.1

0.12

Chimonobambusa yunnanensis Hsueh et W.P. Zhang

 

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–22

1.0

0.18

Chimonocalamus longiligulatus Hsueh and T.P.Yi

Ha bo

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-07

0.5

0.18

Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro

A ha a bi

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

HHD-015

0.6

0.17

Dendrocalamus peculiaris Hsueh and D.Z.Li

 

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–23

0.8

0.25

Indosasa singulispicula T.H.Wen

 

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–43

0.1

0.15

Indosasa sinica C.D.Chu and C.S.Chao

A xiu a bo

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–17

0.6

0.06

Melocalamus arrectus T.P.Yi

A ha a bo

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–18

0.6

0.09

Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis (Mitford) Rendle

A mao a bo

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–21

0.9

0.04

Schizostachyum funghomii McClure

A che

Bamboo

Poaceae

Shoot

Bamboo shoots

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–19

0.5

0.25

Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.

 

Liana

Lardizabalaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–05

1.9

0.54

Parabaena sagittata Miers

Hua na wei niu

Liana

Menispermaceae

Leaf

Potherb

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–28

2.5

0.55

Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Pynaert

Shi shi, sou shou

Shrub

Berberidaceae

Fruit, stem

Stem: liquor brewing; fruit: eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–45

2.6

0.52

Helicia nilagirica Bedd.

Kong bai a bo

Tree

Proteaceae

Seed

Cooked seeds are used as grain substitute

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–01

2.7

0.58

Dillenia indica L.

Xi shi a di

Tree

Dilleniaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–13

2.8

0.41

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd.

Tuo bo ji niu

Liana

Fabaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Baohua Township

HHD-25

3.4

0.65

Bauhinia acuminata L. var. candida (Roxb.) Voigt

Du bie a lo

Shrub

Fabaceae

Flower, young pod, seed, tender leaf

Potherb, seeds: cooked throughly and eaten (kernel)

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-17

2.9

0.40

Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene

 

Herb

Fabaceae

Tender leaf

Tea substitute

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–19

0.5

0.14

Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaris (DC. ex Collad.) H. S. Irwin et Barneby var. glabrata (Vogel) H. S. Irwin et Barneby

 

Herb

Fabaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Tea substitute

Lüchun County

LB-18

1.2

0.30

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

A si ni ma a hong

Tree

Fabaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–20

2.7

0.48

Parochetus communis D.Don

A wo la qian

Herb

Fabaceae

Flower

Potherb (stir-fried)

Lüchun County

201,606–31

2.5

0.57

Senna tora (L.) Roxb.

 

Herb

Fabaceae

Flower, leaf, young fruit, seed

Potherb, seed: substitute of coffee

Lüchun County

LB-28

2.6

0.48

Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H.Ohashi

Qian ka a bo

Shrub

Fabaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Tea substitute

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-43

0.7

0.23

Tamarindus indica L.

Bi qian a si

Tree

Fabaceae

Fruit, tender leaf

Fruit: eaten fresh or made into compote; tender leaf: potherb (blanched before cooking)

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–08

2.5

0.56

Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) H.Hara

A za ca sa

Herb

Polygonaceae

Root

Potherb (usually made into soup)

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

201,506–04

2.2

0.57

Polygala fallax Hemsl.

Ha pa ha ma

Shrub

Polygalaceae

Flower, tender leaf

Potherb (usually made into soup)

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–52

2.3

0.47

Polygonum cupitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

A za za ni

Herb

Polygonaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb (usually made into soup)

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

201,506–03

2.0

0.46

Polygonum hydropiper L.

An ji ba qian

Herb

Polygonaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–24

2.8

0.54

Polygonum molle D. Don

Qian ge a si

Shrub

Polygonaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Baohua Township

201,511–33

2.2

0.50

Polygonum perfoliatum L.

A qian la qian a pa

Herb

Polygonaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-03

2.1

0.58

Reynoutria japonica Houtt.

Suan gan tong

Herb

Polygonaceae

Tender stem

Potherb

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–37

2.0

0.58

Xanthophyllum yunnanense C.Y. Wu

 

Tree

Polygalaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–07

2.7

0.42

Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge

Si pu a si

Tree

Rosaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Baohua Township

201,511–37

1.8

0.38

Fragaria vesca L.

O luo jia ba a si

Herb

Rosaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–08

2.1

0.44

Pyrus calleryana Decne.

Si peng a si

Tree

Rosaceae

Flower, fruit

Fruit: eaten fresh; flower: potherb (soaked in water to dibitterize, then stir-fried, made into soup or salad)

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–41

2.0

0.54

Pyrus xerophila T.T.Yu

A pei pei zi zuo

Tree

Rosaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüchun County

201,606–22

2.7

0.49

Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus (Franch.) Focke

Huo wo

Shrub

Rosaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüchun County

201,606–21

2.7

0.38

Rubus multibracteatus H. Lév. and Vaniot

 

Shrub

Rosaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-33

1.9

0.58

Rubus parvifolius L.

A guo luo a bei

Shrub

Rosaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–15

2.5

0.56

Elaeagnus conferta Roxb.

Ba pen luo niu

Shrub

Elaeagnaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–30

2.5

0.41

Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

A niao niao bei

Tree

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–09

2.9

0.57

Artocarpus tonkinensis A.Chev. ex Gagnep.

Ci gan gan nü

Tree

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–29

2.3

0.47

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Her.ex Vent.

Ma san

Tree

Moraceae

Flower, tender leaf

Potherb

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–16

2.0

0.44

Ficus auriculata Lour.

Mu gua cai

Tree

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüchun County

201,606–23

3.4

0.68

Ficus hederacea Roxb.

Jia ni ni bai

Shrub

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are mixed with salt and eaten fresh

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–16

1.9

0.55

Ficus henryi Warb. ex Diels

A niao niao xiu

Tree

Moraceae

Fruit

Fruits eaten fresh or liquor brewing

Baohua Township

201,511–40

1.7

0.41

Ficus hirta Vahl

Ji zi o si

Shrub

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-34

2.0

0.38

Ficus irisana Elmer

Qi pu

Tree

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

HHD-012

1.8

0.39

Ficus oligodon Miq.

Xi bo ai xi

Tree

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–02

2.1

0.46

Ficus pandurata Hance

 

Shrub

Moraceae

Fruit, seed

Fruit: eaten fresh; seed: roasted and eaten (kernel)

Lüchun County

201,606–28

2.1

0.48

Ficus racemosa L.

A niao niao na

Tree

Moraceae

Fruit, seed

Fruit: eaten fresh; seed: roasted and eaten (kernel)

Lüchun County

201,606–27

2.1

0.51

Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. Ex Sm.

Hu gan da pa

Tree

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-35

2.4

0.44

Ficus tikoua Bureau

Wei chao lao e

Liana

Moraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-01

2.0

0.48

Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd.

Mao ma qiang ga

Shrub

Urticaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–31

2.1

0.51

Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen

O ce bu

Shrub

Urticaceae

Fruit, leaf, tender stem

Leaf and stem: potherb; fruit: eaten fresh

Baohua Township

HHD-19

2.5

0.55

Elatostema involucratum Franch. and Sav.

Luo bu. a bo

Herb

Urticaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–13

1.9

0.40

Gonostegia hirta (Blume ex Hassk.) Miq.

Pa qian a bo

Herb

Urticaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb

Lüchun County

LB-22

2.1

0.54

Lecanthus peduncularis (Wall. ex Royle) Wedd.

A che pa nv

Herb

Urticaceae

Whole plant

Potherb (usually made into soup)

Baohua Township

HHD-30

2.2

0.48

Castanopsis calathiformis (Skan) Rehder and E.H.Wilson

A ba a bo

Tree

Fagaceae

Seed

Roasted and eaten (kernel)

Baohua Township

HHD-20

0.8

0.18

Castanopsis carlesii var. spinulosa W.C.Cheng and C.S.Chao

Che qian a bo

Tree

Fagaceae

Seed

Roasted and eaten (kernel)

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–10

0.5

0.17

Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) A.DC.

Che si a bo

Tree

Fagaceae

Seed

Roasted and eaten (kernel)

Lüchun County

LB-21

0.8

0.05

Castanopsis mekongensis A.Camus

 

Tree

Fagaceae

Seed

Roasted and eaten (kernel)

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–24

0.7

0.20

Lithocarpus megalophyllus Rehder and E.H.Wilson

A biu a bo

Tree

Fagaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Baohua Township

201,511–34

2.8

0.46

Myricae esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

 

Tree

Myricaceae

Fruit

Fruits eaten fresh or liquor brewing

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–06

2.0

0.41

Gynostemma pubescens (Gagnep.) C.Y.Wu

Ka kui zha ha

Herb

Cucurbitaceae

Leaf, tender stem

Tea substitute

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–44

0.2

0.18

Hemsleya macrosperma C.Y.Wu

A za ku xi

Herb

Cucurbitaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

201,506–02

2.5

0.40

Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Blume) Cogn.

Zha qi gu lu

Liana

Cucurbitaceae

Seed

Eaten directly, or used for pressing oil

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–02

1.9

0.48

Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.

Bei ba na

Liana

Cucurbitaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–30

2.9

0.44

Salacia sessiliflora Hand.-Mazz.

A ka la ma a bo

Shrub

Celastraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüchun County

201,606–25

2.6

0.41

Oxalis corniculata L.

Suan ji cao

Herb

Oxalidaceae

Stem, leaf

Potherb: blanched in boiled water, then soaked in cold water for 2 h

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–01

2.3

0.47

Elaeocarpus decipiens F.B.Forbes and Hemsl.

Na ci ci ha

Tree

Elaeocarpaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–08

1.9

0.58

Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy

Huang xin shu

Tree

Clusiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Baohua Township

201,511–35

2.0

0.47

Garcinia multiflora Champ. ex Benth.

Qiu guo a si

Tree

Clusiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–02

2.4

0.42

Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex T.Anderson

A bu. bu. qie

Tree

Clusiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–04

2.1

0.52

Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume

Jiu ge ge qia

Tree

Hypericaceae

Tender leaf, young fruit

Tender leaves: tea substitute; young fruit: flavoring agent

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–11

2.2

0.49

Cratoxylum formosum subsp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogelein

A on a bo

Tree

Hypericaceae

Tender leaf

Tea substitute

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-44

0.9

0.25

Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) Kuntze

Ma ni zu se

Herb

Hypoxidaceae

Fruit, tender leaf, tender stem

Fruit: eaten fresh; leaves and stem: potherb

Baohua Township

HHD-18

2.0

0.56

Curculigo sinensis S. C. Chen

Mei la pa jia

Herb

Hypoxidaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Baohua Township

201,511–36

1.9

0.56

Passiflora wilsonii Hemsl.

Ba ze

Liana

Passifloraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–04

2.5

0.51

Flacourtia ramontchi L’Hér.

A zi long jie a bo

Shrub

Salicaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, or made into jam, or preserved

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–10

2.4

0.58

Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.

Si suo a si

Tree

Phyllanthaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–34

4.2

0.89

Phyllanthus emblica L.

Bo can xi ka, xi qia ha

Tree

Phyllanthaceae

Bark, fruit

Fruit: eaten fresh; bark: scraching off the inside tender bark to make dishes

Lüchun County

201,606–29

4.9

0.90

Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne

En ni a bo

Herb

Lythraceae

Tender shoot

Potherb

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–16

2.2

0.42

Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne

 

Herb

Lythraceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Baohua Township

HHD-27

2.1

0.52

Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. and L.M.Perry

 

Tree

Myrtaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–27

1.6

0.56

Decaspermum parviflorum (Lam.) A.J.Scott

A gong gong ni a bo

Tree

Myrtaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–28

2.4

0.38

Syzygium fluviatile (Hemsl.) Merr. and L.M.Perry

Me ran me xiu na ci a bo

Shrub

Myrtaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

The junction of Lüchun County and Yuanyang County

201,506–09

1.6

0.49

Syzygium yunnanense Merr. and L.M.Perry

O ho

Tree

Myrtaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüchun County

201,606–24

2.8

0.45

Medinilla radiciflora C.Y.Wu ex C.Chen

 

Shrub

Melastomataceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–03

2.4

0.39

Medinilla septentrionalis (W.W. Sm.) H.L. Li

Qian ben er a si

Shrub

Melastomataceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–05

2.8

0.48

Melastoma affine D. Don

Bei bai

Shrub

Melastomataceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-04

2.2

0.46

Melastoma normale D. Don.

Yang er ba cui

Shrub

Melastomataceae

Fruit, leaf

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüchun County

201,606–20

2.6

0.47

Osbeckia opipara C.Y. Wu et C. Chen

Bi ji

Shrub

Melastomataceae

Root, stem

Potherb (usually stewed with meat)

The junction of Lüchun County and Yuanyang County

201,506–11

2.2

0.57

Canarium album (Lour.) DC.

Bei le a si

Tree

Burseraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, or preserved

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–10

2.3

0.40

Canarium pimela K.D.Koenig

Si mo a si

Tree

Burseraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, or preserved

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–07

2.4

0.44

Canarium strictum Roxb.

A bo ma dai

Tree

Burseraceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, or preserved

Baohua Township

201,511–42

2.5

0.46

Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B. L. Burtt and A. W. Hill

Gei ha a bo

Tree

Anacardiaceae

Fruit

Fruits eaten fresh or liquor brewing

Baohua Township

201,511–41

2.2

0.55

Dracontomelon duperreanum Pierre

A zi ren a

Tree

Anacardiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, or preserved

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-37

2.3

0.49

Mangifera sylvatica Roxb.

 

Tree

Anacardiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–14

2.0

0.40

Rhus chinensis Mill.

Ha da da xiu

Tree

Anacardiaceae

Fruit

Preserved fruit

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–42

2.8

0.53

Arytera littoralis Blume

Ta mo si song

Tree

Sapindaceae

Shoot

Potherb

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–48

2.6

0.52

Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.

 

Tree

Rutaceae

Fruit

Flavoring agent

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–11

2.3

0.43

Tetradium austrosinense (Hand.-Mazz.) Hartley

 

Tree

Rutaceae

Fruit

Fruits are edible and used for pressing oil

Xiaoxinjie Township

201,506–07

1.6

0.47

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.

A zao

Tree

Rutaceae

Fruit

Flavoring agent

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

HHD-013

2.4

0.48

Zanthoxylum scandens Blume

 

Shrub

Rutaceae

Fruit

Flavoring agent

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–38

2.3

0.43

Zanthoxylum simulans Hance

 

Shrub

Rutaceae

Fruit

Flavoring agent

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-38

2.3

0.44

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle

Qi la wu ha

Tree

Simaroubaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–50

1.8

0.41

Bombax ceiba L.

 

Tree

Malvaceae

Flower

Potherb

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-49

2.2

0.42

Microcos nervosa (Lour.) S.Y.Hu

 

Tree

Malvaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Baohua Township

201,511–38

2.3

0.45

Sterculia brevissima H.H.Hsue

Sa qiu huo bi

Shrub

Malvaceae

Seed

Roasted and eaten (kernel)

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

HHD-017

0.1

0.21

Sterculia lanceolata Cav.

Sa qiu huo bi

Tree

Malvaceae

Seed

Roasted and eaten (kernel)

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

HHD-016

0.1

0.16

Sterculia pexa Pierre

Ni hei gei zi a bo

Tree

Malvaceae

Seed

Stir-fried

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-41

2.5

0.56

Capparis masaikai H. Lév.

 

Liana

Capparaceae

Seed

Natural sweetener

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–20

0.8

0.2

Crateva unilocularis Buch.-Ham.

Man nei luo ba

Tree

Capparaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Made into pickles (preserved)

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–14

3.9

0.75

Stixis suaveolens (Roxb.) Pierre

 

Liana

Capparaceae

Fruit, tender leaf

Fruit: eaten fresh; tender leaves: tea substitute

Lüchun County

201,606–30

2.2

0.42

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.

A zu o qi

Herb

Brassicaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb

Lü shuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–19

2.7

0.45

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino

 

Herb

Brassicaceae

Tender stem and leaves

Potherb or tea substitute

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–46

2.0

0.49

Nasturtium officinale R.Br.

Xi yang cai

Herb

Brassicaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-10

3.4

0.66

Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás

 

Herb

Brassicaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb (boiled for 5–10 min, then soaked in water to remove pungent taste)

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-53

2.4

0.50

Erythropalum scandens Blume

Ha jia ha na bei ying

Liana

Olacaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-15

2.1

0.52

Korthalsella japonica (Thunb.) Engl.

De la

Shrub

Santalaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–33

1.7

0.39

Pyrularia edulis (Wall.) A. DC.

A ke ke ran a si

Tree

Santalaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are stewed or stir-fried

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–12

2.3

0.50

Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench

Qian chu a ma

Herb

Caryophyllaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-11

2.2

0.46

Amaranthus spinosus L.

Wo zu wo niu

Herb

Amaranthaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–21

2.5

0.53

Amaranthus lividus L.

 

Herb

Amaranthaceae

Leaf, stem

Potherb

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-52

2.2

0.47

Amaranthus viridis L.

La huo pa ni

Herb

Amaranthaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–23

3.6

0.61

Chenopodium album L.

Ge xia wo niu

Herb

Amaranthaceae

Shoot

Potherb

Baohua Township

HHD-28

2.3

0.49

Phytolacca acinosa Roxb

Kan bo

Herb

Phytolaccaceae

Leaf

Potherb

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–22

2.3

0.44

Portulaca oleracea L.

Yi ca mo ni

Herb

Portulacaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-51

1.8

0.52

Dendrobenthamia hongkongensis (Hemsl.) Hutch.

 

Tree

Cornaceae

Fruit

Fruits eaten fresh or liquor brewing

Baohua Township

201,511–39

1.9

0.56

Dendrobenthamia melanotricha (Pojark.) W.P.Fang

 

Tree

Cornaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–06

2.5

0.47

Nyssa javanica (Blume) Wangerin

 

Tree

Cornaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–07

2.3

0.44

Swida macrophylla (Wall.) Soják

 

Tree

Cornaceae

Fruit

Used for pressing oil

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-06

2.0

0.51

Pouteria grandifolia (Wall.) Baehni

 

Tree

Sapotaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-02

1.9

0.52

Diospyros lotus L. var. mollissima C.Y. Wu

 

Tree

Ebenaceae

Fruit

Fruits eaten fresh, making liquor or vinegar

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–36

2.4

0.58

Embelia ribes Burm.f.

 

Shrub

Primulaceae

Fruit, shoot

Fruit: eaten fresh; shoot: potherb

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–14

2.3

0.42

Embelia subcoriacea (C. B. Clarke) Mez

 

Shrub

Primulaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–03

2.1

0.42

Maesa montana A. DC.

Ke tu a bo

Shrub

Primulaceae

Leaf

Tea substitute

Lüchun County

LB-20

0.2

0.39

Maesa parvifolia A. DC.

 

Shrub

Primulaceae

Leaf

Tea substitute

Lüchun County

LB-19

1.4

0.37

Camellia pitardii Coh.-St.

 

Shrub

Theaceae

Petal

Potherb

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–21

2.7

0.40

Actinidia kolomikta (Rupr. and Maxim.) Maxim.

A zi ku nu

Shrub

Actinidiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–32

2.5

0.54

Saurauia napaulensis DC.

 

Tree

Actinidiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Baohua Township

201,511–32

2.7

0.58

Saurauia napaulensis DC. var. montana C. F. Liang and Y. S. Wang

 

Tree

Actinidiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–01

2.8

0.39

Saurauia tristyla var. hekouensis C. F. Liang and Y. S. Wang

A nuo xi

Tree

Actinidiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-05

2.7

0.42

Gaultheria leucocarpa Bl. var. crenulata (Kurz) T.Z.Hsu

Xie

Shrub

Ericaceae

Leaf

Potherb (made into soup)

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-09

2.1

0.48

Gaultheria longibracteolata R.C.Fang

Ye lan mei

Shrub

Ericaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–09

1.9

0.45

Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.

Ha na

Shrub

Ericaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

The junction of Lüchun County and Yuanyang County

201,506–10

2.5

0.55

Pittosporopsis kerrii Craib

Ha piao mei che

Shrub

Icacinaceae

Fruit, seed

Fruit: eaten fresh; seed: roasted and eaten (kernel)

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-40

2.3

0.55

Canthium horridum Blume

Ha da da nue

Shrub

Rubiaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–05

2.4

0.51

Hedyotis tenelliflora Blume

Gu suo na ci

Herb

Rubiaceae

Whole plant

Potherb (made into soup)

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-42

2.0

0.55

Amalocalyx yunnanensis Tsiang

 

Liana

Apocynaceae

Fruit

Young fruit slices are eaten fresh with the source made by pepper and salt

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-32

2.0

 

Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f.

Ku cai

Liana

Apocynaceae

Flower, tender leaf

Potherb

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-12

3.0

0.72

Melodinus henryi Craib

Ke se pa ha

Liana

Apocynaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–06

2.6

0.45

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold and Zucc.

 

Herb

Boraginaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb

Baohua Township

HHD-26

2.0

0.50

Lycium yunnanense Kuang and A.M.Lu

 

Shrub

Solanaceae

tender stem

Potherb

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–47

2.0

0.46

Solanum nigrum L.

Wo lun

Herb

Solanaceae

Tender leaf, fruit

Fruit: eaten fresh; tender leaf: potherb

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

HHD-014

2.3

0.42

Solanum torvum Sw.

Si ma ma ha

Shrub

Solanaceae

Root

Potherb (usually stewed)

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

HHD-018

2.9

0.46

Ligustrum sinense Lour.

Ci kong ba deng a bo

Tree

Oleaceae

Fruit

Liquor brewing

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-46

0.6

0.05

Rhynchotechum obovatum (Griff.) B.L. Burtt

 

Shrub

Gesneriaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–03

1.7

0.39

Plantago asiatica L.

Ka pae ca

Herb

Plantaginaceae

Whole plant

Potherb

Xiongjia Village, Adebo Township

201,506–01

2.3

0.51

Plantago asiatica L. subsp. erosa (Wall.) Z. Y. Li

Ka pae ca

Herb

Plantaginaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb (usually stewed or made into soup)

Baohua Township

HHD-22

2.8

0.53

Plantago depressa Willd.

Ha pa yu cai

Herb

Plantaginaceae

Whole plant

Potherb (soaked in water and sir-fried)

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-08

2.3

0.55

Mayodendron igneum (Kurz) Kurz

A ci ma ha nen

Tree

Bignoniaceae

Flower

Potherb

Lüchun County

LB-23

2.8

0.43

Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) Kuntze

Zhaun zhuan cai

Herb

Lamiaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-50

2.4

0.44

Mentha canadensis L.

Wo zhi zhi ma

Herb

Lamiaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Flavoring agent

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–11

4.6

0.75

Rabdosia coetsoides C.Y.Wu

Nu ha ma

Herb

Lamiaceae

Whole plant

Tea substitute or cooked with meat (Potherb)

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–15

0.7

0.23

Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) F.Dietr.

Huo tie tie du

Shrub

Helwingiaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb (blanched in hot water, then soaked in cold water before cooking)

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–18

1.9

0.53

Campanumoea javanica Blume

A mi nan guo

Liana

Campanulaceae

Fruit

Ripe fruits are eaten fresh

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-36

1.6

0.56

Lobelia angulata G.Forst.

 

Herb

Campanulaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–31

1.8

0.42

Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew.

Bu lü wu hu

Herb

Asteraceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–15

1.8

0.45

Bidens pilosa L.

Hei ni zuo ge mo

Herb

Asteraceae

Tender leaf

Potherb (stewed until it is tender)

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–26

2.0

0.53

Cirsium japonicum (Thunb.) Fisch. ex DC.

Che pei a gong

Herb

Asteraceae

Root

Stewed with pork for nourishing

Baohua Township

HHD-21

2.9

0.43

Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore

O mi o sa

Herb

Asteraceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Baohua Township

HHD-29

3.9

0.76

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.

A ji mei, a ge wo chi

Herb

Asteraceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–25

2.2

0.49

Gnaphalium affine D. Don

A mi sha chu

Herb

Asteraceae

Leaf, stem

Potherb

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–23

2.1

0.42

Ixeris polycephala Cass.

 

Herb

Asteraceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb (blanched before eating and making salad)

Lüchun County

LB-26

3.9

0.75

Lactuca serriola L.

 

Herb

Asteraceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Xiaoxinjie Township

LB-13

2.8

0.52

Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Soják

E si lao gong zi

Herb

Asteraceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–29

2.8

0.54

Laggera pterodonta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv.

Wo sa la ma

Herb

Asteraceae

Whole plant

Potherb (blanched in hot water, then soaked in cold water before cooking)

Lüchun County

LB-25

2.9

0.51

Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.

Pu tong a bo

Shrub

Adoxaceae

Fruit

Fruits eaten fresh or liquor brewing

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–16

2.7

0.51

Dipsacus asperoides C.Y.Cheng and T.M.Ai

Pao tou cao

Herb

Caprifoliaceae

Tender leaf, root

Potherb (Usually stewed with pork or made into soup)

Baohua Township

HHD-23

2.7

0.51

Valeriana jatamansi Jones

Ye zuo zuo pu

Herb

Caprifoliaceae

Flower, root

Flower: eaten fresh (Potherb); root: stewed for nourishing

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–40

1.7

0.51

Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Voss

Jiu duo

Shrub

Araliaceae

Tender stem

Potherb

Lüchun County

LB-24

2.5

0.50

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim.

 

Shrub

Araliaceae

Tender stem, leaf

Potherb

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–18

2.3

0.42

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

Ban chao wo ba

Herb

Apiaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–27

3.0

0.58

Eryngium foetidum L.

Ga la ya so

Herb

Apiaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Flavoring agent or stir-fried (potherb)

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–18

1.9

0.52

Ligusticum chuanxiong S.H.Qiu, Y.Q.Zeng, K.Y.Pan, Y.C.Tang, and J.M.Xu

Tong e jian sa

Herb

Apiaceae

Tender leaf

Flavoring agent or stir-fried (potherb)

Qingkou Village, Xinjie Township

201,506–17

2.6

0.53

Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.

Zha suo

Herb

Apiaceae

Tender leaf, tender stem

Potherb

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–14

4.3

0.82

Sanicula astrantiifolia H. Wolff ex Kretschmer

Xiao hei yao

Herb

Apiaceae

Whole plant

Potherb (usually sir-fried)

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–54

2.9

0.48

Pteridophyta

Lygodium digitatum C. Presl

Ha da da xiu

Liana

Lygodiaceae

Tender stem

Potherb

Lüshuge Village, Jiayin Township

201,610–17

2.5

0.54

Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. Heller

Ye qie

Herb

Dennstaedtiaceae

Shoot

Potherb

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–26

2.7

0.45

Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.

Da lie

Herb

Pteridiaceae

Shoot

Potherb

Niujiaozhai Township

201,606–17

2.6

0.47

Callipteris esculenta (Retz.) J. Sm. ex T. Moore and Houlston

 

Herb

Athyriaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Lagu Village, Sanmeng Township

HHD-47

2.5

0.56

Callipteris esculenta var. pubescens (Link) Ching

 

Herb

Athyriaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Baohua Township

HHD-24

1.8

0.56

Gymnocarpium remotepinnatum (Hayata) Ching

Ha

Herb

Athyriaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

The junction of Lüchun County and Yuanyang County

201,506–12

2.1

0.58

Parathelypteris glanduligera (Kunze) Ching

Ha da

Herb

Thelypteridaceae

Shoot

Potherb

Lonajia Village, Jiayin Township

201,506–49

2.7

0.56

Marsilea quadrifolia L.

He dou a ya mo

Herb

Marsileaceae

Tender leaf

Potherb

Shuiyan Village, Ma’andi Township

201,511–25

3.3

0.59

  1. The order of plant species in this table is followed by the APG IV system, gymnosperms classification system (1978), and Qinrenchang fern plant classification system (1978)