Table 3 Plants not cited in the Bible but mentioned as medicinal in post-Biblical sources and/or in Egypt and/or Mesopotamia

Aloe vera

L. *

Aloe

E: [65:72, 75:25-26 , 68:82,83,84,85].

BT: Gittin 69b.

M: [20:129,

94:533].

D /Ar [99].

C

Carthamus tinctorius

L. / Safflowers

E: [64:79, 65:83-84, 69:79].

BT: Gittin 70a (?

As "Morika")

M: [96: 544-545].

D / NE [97].

E / Oi

Ferula asa-foetida L. / Asafoetida

E: [65:101-102].

MI: Shabbat 20:3.

BT: Shabbat 140a; Gittin 69a (under Helbena)

M: [20:355, 73:52, 83:11].

CA [98]

In

Lawsonia inermis L.

Henna

כפר

Koffer

A

E: [65:114, 68:85].

Im / EA

D: BT: Shevi‘it7:6. P B: Song

of Songs 4:13).

Lepidium sativum L. / Cress

E: [64:71, 65:115].

BT: Shabbat 110a, Yoma 49a, Gittin 69a.

M: [72:89,90,91 73:52,53,

].

D / SA (perhaps Iran, [99]).

BT: Gittin 69a,

Shabbat 109a.

E

Piper spp./ Black pepper

E: [64:71, 65:136]. (Piper nigrum).

BT: Shabbat, 65a, 90a, 140a].

M: [83:120].

Im / EA [99].

S