Table 3 Medicinal plants used in ethnopediatrics in Romania (1860s–1970s)

1.

Acer campestre L.

Sapindaceae

Field maple

Jugastru

Native

1. General: Weakness (for general strengthening; ext-bath, int-sap)

Bark, Sap

14.28

[75, 86]

n.y.s.

2.

Aconitum napellus L.

Ranunculaceae

Wolfsbane

Omag, toaie

Native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy (int., ext-bath)

2. Skin (ext): Wounds

Leaves, Root

28.57

[75, 86]

n.y.s

3.

Allium ascalonicum L.

Amaryllidaceae

Shallot

Haşmă, hajme, hagima

Non-native

1. Skin: Eczema, Impetigo (ext), scalp red eruptions of newborn

Bulb, leaves

14.28

[75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

4.

Allium cepa L.

Amaryllidaceae

Onion

Ceapă

Non-native

1. Respiratory: Asthma, Bronchitis, Cough; 2. Digestive: Stomach pain, intestinal colic (ext + int), Tape worms, Cramps in newborns due to accumulation of gas (int- 1 drop juice of onion), Ulcerative stomatitis, Dental eruption; 3. Ear: pain; 4. Skin: newborn scalp eruptions (ext)

Bulb, leaves

57.14

[9, 75, 84,85,86]

p.e. Skin: alopecia areata- effective topical therapy (Note. mixed group of adult and child subjects) [98]

5.

Allium sativum L.

Amaryllidaceae

Garlic

Usturoi

Non-native

1. Digestive: Intestinal worms, Diarrhea, Gastro-enteritis, Colic

2. Respiratory: Cough with sputa and puss

3. Skin (ext): Verruca, Skin infections, Impetigo

4. Psychological: nightmares

5. Neurological: : epilepsy (ext-polyherbal ointment, in combination with lovage, elecampane, and other plants with unresolved botanical identity)

Bulb, leaves

71.42

[74, 75, 82, 84, 86]

p.e. antibacterial n.e. antifungal- as polyherbal mouth rinse [99]; p.e. antiverruca [100]; p.e. respiratory diseases (improved oxygenation and dyspnea in children with hepatopulmonary syndrome) [101]; n.e. topical non-effective therapy in alopecia areat a[102]

6.

Althaea officinalis L.

Malvaceae

Marsh mallow

Nalbă mare

Native

1. Digestive: Diarrhea

2. Skin: diaper (napkin) dermatitis

Flowers, leaves, roots

28.57

[75, 88]

n.y.s

7.

Amygdalus communis L.

Rosaceae

Almond tree

Migdal

Non-native

1. Ear: Ear pain, Ear discharge

Buds, seeds, flowers, bark

14.28

[86]

*p.e.-↓ symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [103]

8.

Anemone pulsatilla L.

Ranunculaceae

Pasque flower

Dediţel, sisinel

Native

1. Psychological: Insomnia (ext-fumigations)

Flowers

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

9.

Anethum graveolens L.

Apiaceae

Dill

Mărar

Native

1. Digestive: Abdominal cramps, Colic, Intestinal worms (roundworms)

Aerial parts, Seeds

14.28

[75, 84, 86]

p.e. antiparasitic ( ↓ incidence of Giardia lamblia after 5 days of treatment) [104]

10.

Anthyllis vulneraria L.

Fabaceae

Woundwort

Vătămătoare

Native

1. Skin: Eczema, Wounds (ext); 2. Psychological: Fear, Fright (int)

Flowering tips

28.57

[75, 83]

n.y.s.

11.

Aquilegia vulgaris L.

Ranunculaceae

Columbine

Căldăruşă

Native

1. Respiratory: Whooping cough (ext)

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

12.

Arctium lappa L.

Asteraceae

Greater burdock

Brusture

Native

1. Skin: Wounds; infections; Eczema; 2. Digestive: cramps (ext)

Leaves

14.28

[75, 86]

n.y.s.

13.

Arnica montana L.

Asteraceae

Mountain arnica

Arnică

Native

1. Musculoskeletal: Trauma (ext); 2. Psychological: Anxiety/ fright (only the plant collected on the Cross Day) (ext- fumigations)

Leaves

28.57

[75, 85]

n.y.s.

14.

Artemisia abrotanum L.

Asteraceae

Sagebrush

Lemnul domnului, lemnuş

Native

1. General : weakness (ext-weekly bath, flowering tips)

2. Digestive: Stomatitis (ext- leaves in honey, chewing twigs), colic (int- milk decoction of bark)

3. Musculoskeletal: riketts (ext-bath weekly, flowering tips)

Leaves, Flowering tips, Bark

42.85

[75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

15.

Artemisia absinthium L.

Asteraceae

Wormwood

Pelin

Native

1. Nutritional: Athrepsia (ext- crushed fresh leaves)

2. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext-bath)

Leaves

28.57

[74, 75, 84]

n.y.s.

16.

Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald

Rosaceae

Goat's beard, bride's feathers

Coada priculicilor, barba popii

Native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext- bath, fumigation)

2. Psychological: Insomnia (ext- bath, fumigation)

Aerial parts

28.57

[85]

n.y.s.

17.

Astragalus glycyphyllos L.

Fabaceae

Wild liquorice

Unghia găii, unghia căţelei, iarba limbricilor

Native

1. Skin (ext): Eczema, Diaper (napkin) dermatitis (washing with decoction in milk), Necrotic wounds (Rom. “colţ de lup”- cutaneous tuberculosis or cutaneous lesions in syphilis), Infections, Panaris

Aerial parts

14.28

[75, 78, 80, 84]

n.y.s.

18.

Ballota nigra L.

Lamiaceae

Black horehound

Urzică moartă, cătuşe

Non-native

1. General: for suffering children (ext-bath)

Aerial parts

14.28

[80]

n.y.s.

19

Berteroa incana (L.) DC.

Brassicaceae

Hoary alyssum

Ciucuşoară, păsatul vraghiei

Native

1. Skin: infections (ext ), eczema (ext-bath)

Aerial parts

14.28

[75, 80]

n.y.s.

20.

Betula pendula Roth

Betulaceae

Silver birch

Mesteacăn

Native

1. Nutritional: Athrepsia, Nutritional dysbalances, growth delay (ext- sap or bath with decoction of bark from a young tree)

Sap of the young tree, bark of a young tree

14.28

[9, 74]

n.y.s.

21.

Betula pubescens Ehrh.

Betulaceae

White birch

Mesteacăn alb

Native

1. Nutritional: Athrepsia, Nutritional dysbalances, Growth delay (ext-bath)

Sap of the young tree

14.28

[74]

n.y.s.

22.

Bidens tripartitus L.

Asteraceae

Three-lobe beggarticks

Dentiţă, cîrligei, turiţă

Native

1. General: Weakness (for general tonification/strengthening)

Stems, leaves, flowers

42.85

[75]

n.y.s.

23.

Brassica oleracea L.

Brassicaceae

Cabbage

Varză

Non-native

1. Skin: Wounds, Impetigo (ash of burnt cob)

2. General: Measles

Leaves

28.57

[84, 86]

n.y.s.

24.

Butomus umbellatus L.

Butomaceae

Flowering rush

Crin de baltă, roşăţea

Native

1. Neurological: Convulsions, Epilepsy (ext-bath)

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

25.

Calendula officinalis L.

Asteraceae

Common marigold

Filimină, Gălbinele

Native

1. Psychological: Insomnia (ext-bath)

Flowers

14.28

[75]

p.e.* ↓ severity of diaper dermatitis [105,106,107]; p.e.* ↓ clinical signs of chronic blepharitis and dry eye syndrome (Note. Mixed group of subjects-adults and children [108];

26.

Cannabis sativa L.

Cannabaceae

Hemp

Cânepă

Native

1. Skin (ext): Infections, Impetigo

Seeds

14.28

[74]

p.e.*benefits in epilepsy [109]; p.e.*motor disorders (improved spasticity and dystonia, sleep disturbances, pain severity) [110]

27.

Carduus nutans L.

Asteraceae

Musk thirstle

Scăiete, Ciulin

Native

1. General: Weakness (for general tonification/strengthening)

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

28.

Carlina acaulis L.

Asteraceae

Silver thirstle

Ciurul zânelor, sita ielelor

Native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext-bath, int); 2. Psychological: Fright (ext-fumigations)

Flowers

28.57

[84, 86]

n.y.s.

29.

Carum carvi L.

Apiaceae

Caraway

Chimen

Native

1. Digestive: Cramps, Colic, Diarrhea, Flatulence

Seeds

14.28

[74, 84]

n.y.s.

30.

Centaurium erythraea Rafn

Gentianaceae

European centaury

Ţintaură

Native

1. General: Weakness

2. Endocrine/Metabolic and Nutritional: Anorexia (int-syrup)

3. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext-bath)

Stems, leaves, flowers

42.85

[75, 84]

n.y.s.

31.

Ceratocephalus falcatus (L.) Pers.#

Ranunculaceae

-

Ploşnicar

Native

1. Skin (ext): Infections

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

32.

Chaerophyllum aromaticum L.

Apiaceae

-

Antonică

Native

1. Digestive: Tooth pain

2. Neurological: Headache

3. Psychological: Psychosis

Leaves

42.85

[85]

n.y.s.

33.

Chelidonium majus L.

Papaveraceae

Celandine

Rostopască

Native

1. General (root, ext- bath for general tonification/strengthening)

Root

14.28

[75]

p.e.* chronic tonsillitis (improved cellular and humoral immunity, nonspecific resistance, reduced the number of recurrences) [111]

34.

Cichorium intybus L.

Asteraceae

Commom chicory

Cicoare

Native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext- bath)

Leaves, roots, rhizome

14.28

[85, 86]

p.e.* acute gastroenteritis-related diarrhea (reduced duration of acute diarrhea) [112]

35.

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Asteraceae

Creeping thirstle

Pălămidă, pălămidă seacă

Native

1. Nutritional: Athrepsia (ext-bath)

Aerial parts, roots

14.28

[74]

n.y.s.

36.

Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop.

Asteraceae

Cabbage thirstle

Crăpuşnic

Native

1. General: for general strengthening/tonification (ext-bath)

Roots, stems

14.28

[85]

n.y.s.

37.

Clematis vitalba L.

Ranunculaceae

Old man’s beard

Curpen

Native

1. General: Weakness (ext)

Aerial parts

14.28

[75, 84, 85]

n.y.s.

38.

Cochlearia officinalis L.

Brassicaceae

Commom scurvygrass

Lingurea

Native

1. General: Tuberculosis

2. Digestive: Indigestion/Dyspepsia

3. Endocrine, metabolic, nutritional: Lack of appetite

Leaves

42.85

[75]

n.y.s.

39.

Conium maculatum L.

Apiaceae

Hemlock

Cucută

Native

1. Skin (ext): Dermatosis

2. Neurological: Paralysis (ext- bath)

Leaves

28.57

[75]

n.y.s.

40.

Consolida regalis Gray

Ranunculaceae

Forking larkspur

Somnoroasă, creasta cucului

Native

1. Psychological: insomnia (int- decoction)

Flowers

14.28

[80]

n.y.s.

41.

Cornus mas L.

Cornaceae

European cornel

Corn

Native

1. Digestive: Diarrhea

2. Psychological: Agitation with screaming

3. General: Typhoid fever

4. Nutritional: Underweight

Fruits

57.14

[75, 84,85,86]

p.e.* improvement of lipid profile and vascular inflammation [113]

42.

Corylus avellana L.

Betulaceae

Common hazel

Alun

Native

1. General: Weakness (ext-bath for general tonification/strenghtening)

Leaves, buds, fruits, male flowers

14.28

[74, 75]

n.y.s.

43.

Cucurbita pepo L.

Cucurbitaceae

Pumpkin

Bostan

Non-native

1. Endocrine, metabolic, nutritional: Underweight

Pulp

28.57

[75]

n.y.s.

44.

Daucus carota L.

Apiaceae

Carrot

Morcov

Non-native

1. Musculoskeletal: Rickets

2. Digestive: Stomatitis

3. Skin: Wounds, Impetigo (ext)

Roots, leaves, seeds

42.85

[75, 84, 86]

p.e.*gastroenteritis (stools returning to normal consistency and frequency in 6 days) [114]

45.

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott

Dryopteridaceae

Male fern

Ferigă

Native

1. Digestive: Intestinal worms

2. Skin (ext): Wounds

3. Neurological: Epilepsy; 4. Endocrine, metabolic and nutritional (ext-bath): Delayed growth

5. Psychological (ext): insomnia

6. Musculoskeletal (ext): Rickets, Bone diseases, Bone deformities

7. Blood and lymph nodes: Scrophulosis (ext-cataplasm + int- milk decoction)

Rhizome, leaves

100

[75, 84]

n.y.s.

46.

Equisetum arvense L.

Equisetaceae

Common horsetail

Coada calului

Native

1. Digestive: Diarrhea

Sterile aerial parts

28.57

[75]

n.y.s.

47.

Equisetum fluviatile L.

Equisetaceae

Water horsetail

Pipirig

Native

1. Musculoskeletal: walking difficulties (bath for bone strengthening, in combination with Jacobaea erratica (Bertol.) Fourr.))

Not specified (probably aerial parts)

14.28

[75, 79]

n.y.s.

48.

Eryngium planum L.

Apiaceae

Blue eryngo

Scai vânăt, spinul albastru

Native

1. Endocrine, metabolic, nutritional: Underweight

2. Skin (ext): Scalp fungal infections, Impetigo, Eczema

3. General: Weakness (ext-bath for general tonification/strengthening)

4. Digestive: Colic (ext-bath)

5. Neurological: epilepsy (ext-bath)

Roots rhizome, flowers

71.42

[74, 75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

49.

Ficus carica L.

Moraceae

Fig tree

Smochin

Non-native

1. Blood and lymph nodes: Scrophulosis (ext-cataplasm + int- milk decoction)

Fruits

14.28

[84]

p.e.*atopic dermatitis (safety, efficacy, tolerability, and symptom relief considerable in comparison with hydrocortisone 1.0%) [115]

50.

Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.

Rosaceae

Mead wort

Creţuşcă

Native

1. General: Weakness (ext-bath for general tonification/strengthening)

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

51.

Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Apiaceae

Fennel

Fenicul

Non-native

1. Digestive: Intestinal cramps, Flatulence

Fruits

28.57

[75, 84, 86]

p.e. infantile colic (decreased intensity of colic, decreased average daily crying time [116])

52.

Fraxinus ornus L.

Oleaceae

South European flowering ash

Mojdrean

Native

1. Digestive: Constipation

Sap

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

53.

Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.

Rubiaceae

Sweetscented bedstraw, woodruff

Sânziene de pădure, vinariţă, muma pădurii

Native

1. Psychological (ext-bath): Fright, Bedwetting/Enuresis, Weeping during sleep

2. General: Weakness (ext-bath for general strengthening)

Aerial parts

28.57

[75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

54.

Galium intermedium Schult.

Rubiaceae

-

Samca, sămcuţa, cucută de pădure

Native

1. Neurological: epilepsy (ext-bath, int- small amount of decoction)

Not specified (probably aerial parts)

14.28

[86]

n.y.s

55.

Galium verum L.

Rubiaceae

Lady’s bedstraw

Sânziene, drăgaică

Native

1. General: Asthenia, Weakness

Aerial parts

14.28

[75, 84]

n.y.s.

56.

Geranium macrorrhizum L.

Geraniaceae

Bigroot geranium

Priboi

Native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext-bath)

Aerial parts, leaves

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

57.

Gratiola officinalis L.

Plantaginaceae

Gratiole

Veninariţă, avramească

Native

1. Skin: Eczema

2. Nutritional: Physical debility (ext.)

3. General (fumigations): general strengthening against diseases

4. Psychological (fumigations): Fright during sleep

5. Neurological (fumigations): Epilepsy, Paralysis

6. Cardiovascular: Tahicardia

Aerial parts

85.71

[75, 85]

n.y.s.

58.

Helianthus annuus L.

Asteraceae

Common sunflower

Floarea soarelui

Non-native

1. Digestive: Stomach pain

Flowers, Seeds oil

14.28

[81]

n.y.s.

59.

Heracleum sphondylium L.

Apiaceae

Hogweed

Brânca ursului

Native

1. Psychological (ext- decoction poured on the head): Fright

2. Neurological (ext-bath): Paralysis (inability to walk)

Leaves, stems

28.57

[75]

n.y.s.

60.

1.1.1. Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson

1.1.2. Elaeagnaceae

Sea buckthorn

Cătină albă

Native

1. General: Weakness

Fruits

14.28

[11]

n.y.s.

61.

1.1.3. Hordeum vulgare L.

1.1.4. Poaceae

Barley

Ovăz

Non-native

1. General: Weakness (ext-bath)

Seeds

14.28

[84]

n.y.s.

62.

Humulus lupulus L.

Cannabaceae

Common hop

Hamei

Native

1. Skin: Infections, Wounds (ext-bath)

2. Nutritional: Physical debility, Underweight (ext-bath)

Flowers, leaves

28.57

[75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

63.

Hyoscyamus niger L.

Solanaceae

Henbane

Măselariţă

Native

1. Psychological: Insomnia (ext-bath)

Seeds

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

64.

Hypericum perforatum L.

Hypericaceae

Perforate St John’s wort

Sunătoare, pojarniţă

Native

1. Skin (ext): Eczema, Wounds, Impetigo/Skin infections, Burns

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

65.

Impatiens noli-tangere L.

Balsaminaceae

Touch-me-not balsam

Slăbănog

Native

1. General: weakness (ext-bath for general tonification/strengthening)

2. Musculoskeletal: Disability/Weakness of the extremities (ext-bath for bone strengthening)

Aerial parts

28.57

[75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

66.

Inula helenium L.

Asteraceae

Elecampane

Iarbă mare

Native

1. Psychological: Weeping during night (ext-fumigation)

2. Neurological: epilepsy (ext-polyherbal ointment, in combination with lovage, garlic, and other plants with unresolved botanical identity)

Root

28.57

[74, 82, 86]

n.y.s.

67.

Iris × germanica L.#

Iridaceae

Iris

Stânjenel albastru

Native

1. Digestive: Tooth eruption pain

Rhizome

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

68.

Jacobaea erratica (Bertol.) Fourr.

Asteraceae

-

Iarba carelor

Native

1. Musculoskeletal: Disability/weakness of the extremities (ext-bath for bone strengthening, in combination with water horsetail)

Not specified

14.28

[75, 79]

n.y.s.

69.

Juglans regia L.

Juglandaceae

Walnut tree

Nuc

Native

1. General: Weakness (int and ext- bath—for general tonification/strengthening)

2. Skin (ext): Eczema, Wounds, Skin infections ( impetigo, scabies)

3. Digestive (int- tea of shells): Diarrhea, Vomiting, Intestinal pain, Stomatitis, Intestinal parasites

4. Blood and lymph nodes: Scrophulosis (ext-bath and int), anemia

5. Nutritional: underweight (as food, in combination with bread)

Seeds, leaves, young seed shells, buds

71.42

[74, 75, 80, 84, 86, 88]

n.y.s.

70.

Laserpitium prutenicum L.

Apiaceae

-Prussian sermountain

Somnoroasă

Native

1. Psychological: Insomnia (ext-bath)

2. Respiratory (ext-bath): Cold, Coryza

Flowery stems

28.57

[75]

n.y.s.

71.

Leonurus cardiaca L.

Lamiaceae

Motherwort

Talpa gâştei, alion, somnişor

Native

1. Psychological: Insomnia (ext. bath).

Aerial parts

14.28

[85]

n.y.s.

72.

Lepidium ruderale L.

Brassicaceae

Peppergrass

Păduchelniţă, buruiană de roşte

Native

1. Skin: Scalp eczema, newborn scalp eczema

Aerial parts

14.28

[75, 80]

n.y.s.

73.

Levisticum officinale W.D.J.Koch

Apiaceae

Lovage

Leuştean

Non-native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext- polyherbal ointment, in combination with Inula helenium L., and other plants with unresolved botanical identity)

Not specified (probably Leaves or Root)

14.28

[86]

n.y.s.

74.

Ligustrum vulgare L.

Oleaceae

Wild privet

Lemn câinesc

Native

1. Skin: Scabies

Bark

14.28

[74]

n.y.s.

75.

Linaria vulgaris Mill.

Plantaginaceae

Common toadflax

Linariţă, colţul lupului

Native

1. Skin: Subcutaneous tumors (ext)

Aerial parts

14.28

[74]

n.y.s.

76.

Linum hirsutum L.

Linaceae

Downy flax

Inişor de deal

Native

1. Digestive: Intestinal colics

Not specified

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

77.

Lycium barbarum L.

Solanaceae

European goji

Liţion, cătină de garduri, licia

Native

1. Psychological (ext-bath): Fright/Anxiety

2. Neurological (ext-bath): Epilepsy, Spams

Aerial parts, twigs, leaves

28.57

[75, 86]

n.y.s.

78.

Lycopodium clavatum L.

Lycopodiaceae

Commom club moss

Brădişor, pedicuţă, coada-celor-din-vânt

Native

1. Skin (ext): Dermatitis, Eczema

Spores

14.28

[75, 84]

n.y.s.

79.

Lysimachia nummularia L.

Primulaceae

Moneywort

Dreţe

Native

1. General: Weakness (ext-bath for general tonification/strengthening)

2. Endocrine, metabolic, nutritional: Growth delay

3. Musculoskeletal: Disability/Weakness of the extremities (ext-bath for bone strengthening)

Aerial parts

42.85

[75, 79]

n.y.s.

80.

Lythrum salicaria L.

Lythraceae

Purple loosestrife

Răchitan

Native

1. Endocrine, metabolic, nutritional: underweight (ext-bath)

2. Psychological: Insomnia (int)

3. Blood and lymph nodes: anemia (int)

Aerial parts

42.85

[75]

n.y.s.

81.

Malva sylvestris L.

Malvaceae

Common mallow

Nalbă de pădure

Native

1. Skin: Impetigo

2. Respiratory: Tonsillitis, Diphtheric tonsillitis (int and ext), cough

Leaves, Flowers

28.57

[74, 86]

n.y.s.

82.

Matricaria chamomilla L.

Asteraceae

Chamomille

Museţel, Romaniță

Native

1. Digestive (int): Abdominal cramps/pains, cramps in newborns due to accumulation of gas

2. Respiratory (int): cold

3. Skin (ext): Wounds, Impetigo

4. General: pain (unspecified), bath for general strengthening of newborns, tea for internal purification (int)

5. Neurological: Epilepsy (int)

Flowers

71.42

[9, 74, 75, 86]

p.e.infantile colic (significantly more effective than simethicone [117], decreased average daily crying time [116])

83.

Melissa officinalis L.

Lamiaceae

Lemon balm

Roiniţă, matocină

Native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext-bath)

Leaves

14.28

[86]

p.e.* infantile colic (significantly more effective than simethicone [117], decreased average daily crying time [116])

84.

Mentha × piperita L.#

Lamiaceae

Peppermint

Mentă, izmă bună

Native

1. Digestive tract diseases: Diarrhea, Intestinal cramps (int and ext)

2. Skin (ext): Wounds, Impetigo

3. General: ext- bath for general strengthening of newborns

Aerial parts,

Leaves

42.85

[74, 75, 82, 86]

n.y.s.

85.

Mentha pulegium L.

Lamiaceae

Pennyroyal

Apărătoare, busuiocul cerbilor

Native

1. Endocrine, metabolic and nutritional: Underweight child/Growth dysfunctions (ext)

Aerial parts

14.28

[85]

n.y.s.

86.

Mentha spicata L.

Lamiaceae

Wrinkled-leaf mint

Izmă creaţă

Native

1. Digestive: Stomachache, Cramps (ext)

Leaves

14.28

[75, 83]

n.y.s.

87.

Morus nigra L.

Moraceae

Black mulberry

Dud negru

Non-native

1. Respiratory diseases

Fruits

14.28

[75, 86]

n.y.s.

88.

Nepeta cataria L.

Lamiaceae

Catnip

Cătuşnică

Native

1. Digestive: Abdominal cramps, Teeth pain, dysenteria (ext)

2. Nutritional: underweight (ext-bath)

3. Neurological: epilepsy (ext-bath), insomnia (ext-bath)

4. Musculoskeletal: bone deformities (ext-bath)

Flowers

57.14

[74, 75, 84,85,86]

n.y.s.

89.

Origanum majorana L.

Lamiaceae

Sweet marjoran

Măghiran

Non-native

1. Psychological: Weeping/Irritability

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

90.

Origanum vulgare L.

Lamiaceae

Oregano

Şovârf

Non-native

1. Digestive: Diarrhea, Intestinal colic (ext-bath)

Aerial parts

14.28

[74, 75, 86]

n.y.s.

91.

Panicum miliaceum L.

Poaceae

White millet

Mei

Non-native

1. Digestive: Digestive troubles caused by tooth eruption

Seeds

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

92.

Papaver rhoeas L.

Papaveraceae

Common poppy

Mac de câmp

Native

1. General: Measles, Scarlet fever (to accelerate eruption);

Flowers

14.28

[75, 86]

n.y.s.

93.

Papaver somniferum L.

Papaveraceae

Opium poppy

Mac, Mac de grădină

Non-native

1. Psychological: Insomnia (int- tea or ext-bath)

2. General: Measles (int)

3. Digestive: Stomach pain, Colic

4. Respiratory: Cough (int)

Whole plant (only ext-bath), seeds

57.14

[10, 75, 80, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

94.

Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench

Apiaceae

Mountain parsley

Pătrunjel de câmp, Somnuroasă

Native

1. Psychological (ext-bath): Irritability, Fright, Insomnia

Flowers

14.28

[75, 78, 86]

n.y.s.

95.

Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Fabaceae

Common bean

Fasole

Non-native

1. Skin: Eczema, Impetigo (ext)

Seeds

14.28

[74, 75, 85, 86]

n.y.s.

96.

Physalis alkekengi L.

Solanaceae

Bladder cherry

Păpălău

Native

1. Skin (ext): Newborn eczema, Newborn skin eruptions

Fruits

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

97.

Phytolacca americana L.

Phytolaccaceae

Pokeweed

Cârmâz

Non-native

1. General: Measles (ext. +/- int.), Scarlet fever (ext. and int.);

Fruits

14.28

[75, 84, 85]

n.y.s.

98.

Pilosella officinarum Vaill.

Asteraceae

mouse-ear hawkweed

Culcuşul vacii

Native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy

2. Respiratory: Cold

Aerial parts

28.57

[85]

n.y.s.

99.

Pimpinella anisum L.

Apiaceae

Anise

Anason

Non-native

1. Digestive: Intestinal cramps, newborn cramps due to accumulation of gas (int)

Seeds

14.28

[9, 74, 85, 86]

n.y.s.

100.

Pinus sylvestris L.

Pinaceae

Scots pine

Pin de pădure

Native

1. Musculoskeletal: Rickets (ext-cataplasm)

Leaves, Stems

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

101.

Pisum sativum L.

Fabaceae

Pea

Mazăre, Mazerea

Non-native

1. Skin: Impetigo (ext- ash of pea)

Seeds

14.28

[86]

n.y.s.

102.

Plantago major L.

Plantaginaceae

Broadleaf plantain

Pătlagină mare

Native

1. Respiratory diseases (int): Cough, Whooping cough

2. Urological (int): Anuria/Oliguria

3. Digestive (int): Intestinal worms

4. Musculoskeletal: Trauma (ext)

5. General: Weakness (ext- bath for general tonification/strengthening, root, in combination with nut shell, greater celandine and musk thirstle)

Leaves, Root

71.42

[75, 86]

n.y.s.

103.

Polypodium vulgare L.

Polypodiaceae

Common polypody

Iarbă dulce, rădăcină dulce, feriguţă

Non-native

1. Digestive: stomachache

Rhizomes

14.28

[78]

n.y.s.

104.

Populus spp. (P. alba L., P. nigra L., P. tremula L.)

Salicaceae

Poplar

Plop

Native

1. General: Weakness (ext-bath)

Buds

14.28

[74]

n.y.s.

105.

Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulacaceae

Common purslane

Iarbă grasă

Non-native

1. General: Weakness, sickness in general (ext-bath), consumption

2. Nutritional: underweight (ext- bath for gaining weight)

Aerial parts

14.28

[80]

n.y.s.

106.

Potentilla anserina L. or Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.§

1.1.5. Rosaceae

Silverweed

Coada racului, Scrântitoare

Native

1. General: Weakness (ext-bath for general strengthening/tonification)

2. Musculoskeletal: Rickets (ext-bath for bone strengthening)

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

107.

Primula veris L.

Primulaceae

Cowslip

Ciuboţica cucului

Native

1. Skin: Infections/Impetigo (ext- roots fried in butter, and boiled in milk)

Roots

28.57

[75, 84, 85]

n.y.s.

108.

Prunella vulgaris L.

Lamiaceae

Common self-heal

Busuioc de câmp

Native

1. Skin (ext): Wounds, Subcutaneous tumors (lupare)

Leaves

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

109.

Prunus spinosa L.

Rosaceae

Blackthorn

Porumbar, Porumbel

Native

1. Respiratory (int): cough

2. Digestive (int): Diarrhea, Dysentery

Fruits

28.57

[86]

n.y.s.

110.

Pulmonaria officinalis L.

Boraginaceae

Lungworth

Mierea ursului, Plămânărică, Moşnegei

Native

1. Nutritional: Underweight

(ext-bath)

2. Respiratory: scrophulosis (int- decoction)

Flowers

28.57

[74, 86]

n.y.s.

111.

Pyrus communis L.

Rosaceae

Pear tree

Păr

Non-native

1. Digestive (int- tea of bark): Diarrhea, vomititing

2. Nutritional: Athrepsia, Cashexia (ext- bath, leaves)

Bark, Leaves

28.57

[75, 84]

n.y.s.

112.

Pyrus communis subsp. communis

Rosaceae

European wild pear

Păr sălbatic

Native

1. Digestive (int- tea of bark): Diarrhea, vomititing

2. Nutritional: athrepsia, cashexia (ext- bath, leaves)

Bark, Leaves

28.57

[75]

n.y.s.

113.

Quercus robur L.

Fagaceae

Oak

Stejar

Native

1. Digestive: Diarrhea (int- roasted and grinded acorns)

Acorn

14.28

[75, 86]

n.y.s.

114.

Reseda odorata L.

Resedaceae

Garden mignonette

Rezedă, smeurică

Native

1. General: Weakness

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

115.

Rhamnus cathartica L.

Rhamnaceae

Common buckthorn

Verigariu

Native

1. Nutritional: athrepsia (ext-bath)

Fruits

14.28

[74, 75]

n.y.s.

116.

Rhinanthus glaber Lam. or

Rhinanthus angustifolius C. C. Gmel.§

1.1.7. Orobanchaceae

Rattle

Clocotiş

Native

1. Skin: eczema (ext-bath)

Aerial parts

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

117.

Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott & Kotschy

1.1.9. Ericaceae

Rhododendron

Bujor de munte, smirdar

Native

1. Skin (ext): impetigo, skin infections

Flowers, Leaves

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

118.

Ribes nigrum L.

Grossulariaceae

Blackcurrant

Coacăz negru

Native

1. Nutritional: athrepsia (ext-bath)

Fruits, Leaves

14.28

[86]

n.y.s.

119.

Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Fabaceae

Black locust

Salcâm

Native

1. Digestive

Flowers

14.28

[87]

n.y.s.

120.

Rosa canina L.

Rosaceae

Dog rose

Măceş,Măcieş, Trandafir de câmp,

Trandafir sălbatic, Rug

Native

1. Digestive: Diarrhea, Constipation, Colic, Abddominal pain (int-fruits, decoction, ext-flowers, decoction in vinegar)

2. Endocrine, metabolic and nutritional: lack of appetite, cachexia

Fruits, Flowers

28.57

[75, 84, 86, 87]

n.y.s.

121.

Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees

Rosaceae

European blackberry

Mur negru

Native

1. Skin: Eczema (ext-ointment with burnt leaves)

Leaves

42.85

[75]

n.y.s.

122.

Ruta graveolens L.

Rutaceae

Rue

Rută, Virnanţ

Non-native

1. General: Fever; 2. Respiratory: Phlegm in the throat

3. Digestive: aphthous stomatitis (ext), dysenteria (int- 3 drops of juice of raw plant)

Aerial parts, Leaves

42.85

[75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

123.

Salix alba L.

Salicaceae

White willow

Salcie albă, răchită

Native

1. Psychological: fright (ext-fumigation)

2. Neurological: epilepsy (int and ext-bath);

Leaves, Bark, Buds

28.57

[11, 86]

n.y.s.

124.

Salix caprea L.

Salicaceae

Goat willow

Iovă, Răchită moale

Native

1. General: ext- bath for general strengthening

Leaves

14.28

[75, 80]

n.y.s.

125.

Salvia glutinosa L.

Lamiaceae

Sticky sage

Cinsteț

Native

1. General: physical debility/weakness caused by chronic diseases

Leaves

14.28

[85]

n.y.s.

126.

Salvia officinalis L.

Lamiaceae

Sage

Salvie

Native

1. Respiratory diseases

2. General: Weakness (ext-bath for general strengthening)

Leaves

28.57

[75, 84]

p.e. respiratory diseases (Note. Mixed group of subjects, at least 12 year old) [118]

127.

Sambucus ebulus L.

Adoxaceae

Danewort

Boz

Native

1. Nutritional: underweight (ext.-bath)

2. Digestive: Cramps (int-tea), Parasites (int-decoction)

Leaves

28.57

[74, 75]

n.y.s.

128.

Sanguisorba officinalis L.

Rosaceae

Great burnet

Sorbestrea, Cârligăţică

Native

1. Digestive (int): Dysentery, Diarrhea, Colic

2. General: physical debility/weakness (ext. baths)

Aerial parts

28.57

[75, 85]

n.y.s

129.

Satureja hortensis L.

Lamiaceae

Summer savory

Cimbru de grădină

Non-native

1. Digestive (int and ext): Colic, Diarrhea

2. Blood: Anaemia

3. Skin: Eruptions, Impetigo

Aerial parts, roots, leaves, stems

42.85

[75, 85]

n.y.s.

130.

Scabiosa columbaria L.

Caprifoliaceae

Small scabious

Muşcatu-dracului

Native

1. General: ext-bath for newborns for general strengthening

Not specified

14.28

[75, 84]

n.y.s.

131.

Secale cereale L.

Poaceae

Secale

Secară

Non-native

1. General: Weakness (ext.-bath)

2. Digestive: Intestinal parasites

Seeds

28.57

[74, 86]

p.e.* improvement of cardiometabolic profile [119]

132.

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.

Brassicaceae

Hedge mustard

Brâncuţă, Sămcuţă

Native

1. Digestive (int): Intestinal cramps

2. Neurological (int): Epilepsy

Aerial parts

28.57

[75, 86]

n.y.s.

133.

Solidago virgaurea L.

Asteraceae

European goldenrod

Splinuţă, Silimină

Native

1. Musculoskeletal: Rickets (ext-bath)

Not specified (probably aerial parts)

14.28

[86]

n.y.s.

134.

Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L.

Asteraceae

Common sowthistle

Pălămidă grasă, Susai

Native

1. Nutritional: Athrepsia (ext-bath)

Not specified

14.28

[74]

n.y.s.

135.

Symphytum officinale L.

Boraginaceae

Common comfrey

Tătăneasă

Native

1. Digestive: gastro-enteritis (ext)

Root

14.28

[82]

n.y.s

136.

Tanacetum balsamita L.

Asteraceae

Smellin-blades

Calapăr, Calaper, Caramfil, Caromfil, Caranhil

Native

1. General: Weakness (ext- bath for general tonification/strengthening)

Aerial parts, leaves

14.28

[75, 84]

n.y.s.

137.

Tanacetum vulgare L.

Asteraceae

Tansy

Vetrice, măruncă

Native

1. Neurological: Epilepsy (ext-bath)

2. Skin: eczema (ext-bath)

Aerial parts

28.57

[75, 83, 86]

n.y.s.

138.

Thymus serpyllum L.

Lamiaceae

Wild thyme

Cimbrişor de câmp

Native

1. Digestive: Newborn cramps, flatulence

Aerial parts

14.28

[84]

n.y.s.

139.

Thymus vulgaris L.

Lamiaceae

Common thyme

Cimbru

Native

1. Digestive: Cramps

Aerial parts

14.28

[74]

n.y.s.

140.

Tilia × europaea L.#

Malvaceae

Common linden

Tei

Native

2. General or unspecified: spasm (ext-bath)

Flowers, leaves

14.28

[88]

n.y.s.

141.

Tilia tomentosa Moench

Malvaceae

Silver linden

Tei argintiu, tei alb

Native

1. Skin (ext): Diaper (napkin) dermatitis

Flowers

14.28

[74]

n.y.s.

142.

Trapa natans L.

Lythraceae

Water caltrop

Cornaci

Native

1. Digestive: Diarrhea

Fruits

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

143.

Trifolium arvense L.

Fabaceae

Rabbitfoot clover

Motocei, Cotocei Iarba somnului

Native

1. Psychological (int): Irritability, Insomnia

Aerial parts

14.28

[74, 75]

n.y.s.

144.

Valeriana officinalis L.

Caprifoliaceae

Valerian

Odolean, valeriană

Native

1. Digestive: Diarrhea with blood/Dysenteria (ext- cataplasm on abdomen; int- 1 teaspoon of decoction made in an earthy pot)

2. Endocrine, metabolic and nutritional: Growth dysfunctions

3. Psychological: Insomnia (ext-bath)

4. Skin: Hair complaint (ext)

Root

57.14

[84, 86]

n.y.s.

145.

Verbena officinalis L.

Verbenaceae

Common verbena

Verbină, sporiş, sporici, buruiana de boală

Native

1. Nutritional: Underweight (ext-bath, 3 consecutive months), weakness

2. Digestive: Digestive troubles caused by tooth eruption (ext-bath)

3. Skin: Wounds, Scabies (ext)

Aerial parts

57.14

[75, 80, 86]

n.y.s.

146.

Veronica beccabunga L.

Plantaginaceae

European speedwell

Bobornic

Native

1. General: Weakness (ext-bath for general strengthening)

2. Digestive: Digestive troubles caused by tooth eruption (ext-bath)

Aerial parts

28.57

[75]

n.y.s.

147.

Viburnum opulus L.

Adoxaceae

Guilder rose

Călin

Native

1. General: Chicken pox (ext)

Fruits

14.28

[75]

n.y.s.

148.

Vicia faba L.

Fabaceae

Broad bean

Bob

Non-native

1. Respiratory: Tonsillitis, Diphteric tonsillitis (ext.)

2. Digestive: diarrhea

Seeds

28.57

[74, 75]

n.y.s

149.

Viola arvensis Murray

Violaceae

Field pansy

Panseluţă de câmp

Native

1. Skin: Eczema, Infections/Impetigo

2. Digestive: Tooth eruption (root to chew)

Aerial parts, Roots

28.57

[75]

n.y.s.

150.

Viola odorata L.

Violaceae

Wood violet

Toporaş, Viorea, Viorica

Native

1. Digestive: Dental eruption (root to chew)

Roots

14.28

[75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.

151.

Viola tricolor L.

Violaceae

Heartsease

Trei fraţi pătaţi

Native

1. Skin: Eczema, Infections/Impetigo

2. Digestive: Tooth eruption (root to chew)

Roots, probably aerial parts also

28.57

[75, 84]

n.y.s.

152.

Xanthium strumarium L.

Asteraceae

Common cocklebur

Scaietele popii, Ciurlan de câmp

Native

1. General or unspecified: pain in the chest (Rom. “strâns la piept”) (ext- warm application with boiled plant)

Not specified

14.28

[75, 80]

n.y.s.

153.

Zea mays L.

Poaceae

Corn

Porumb

Non-native

1. Skin (ext): Impetigo, Scabies (cob), Diaper (napkin) dermatitis

Seeds, cob

14.28

[74, 75, 84, 86]

n.y.s.