Table 2 Species of fungi and traditional names in Nahuatl and Spanish, used in San Isidro Buensuceso, Tlaxcala, Mexico
From: Folk classification of wild mushrooms from San Isidro Buensuceso, Tlaxcala, Central Mexico
Species and voucher numbers | Nahuatl names | Spanish names |
|---|---|---|
1. Agaricus campestris L. AM 1644 | āyoh-tzin (āyotl or āyutl = turtle; āyohtli = zucchini tzin = diminutive reverential, baby turtle or zucchini) | Champiñón |
2. Amanita basii Guzmán & Ram.-Guill. AM 1598 | āyoh-xōchitl āyotl = calabaza; xochitl = flower) cuazitlal = ? āquiyoxóchitl (quiyotl or quiotl = stem or shoot; xochitl = flawer). | flor de calabaza (zucchini blossoms) hongo amarillo (yellow mushroom) |
3. Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam.* OHT 13 | pitzō-nanacatl (pitzōtl = pig, nanacatl = mushroom; pig’s mushroom) cītlal-nanacatl (cītlalli or cītlalin= star, the star fungus, referring to the scales, because they look like stars) | hongo malo o venenoso (poison fungus) |
4. Amanita cf. smithiana Bas* AM 1594 | pitzō-nanacatl (Ver A. muscaria) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
5. Amanita tuza Guzmán AM 1747 | cuah-tlamanil, cuhtlal (cuaitl = cabeza; tlamanil = ?) iztāc-nanacatl (iztāc= white nanácatl = mushroom, White mushroom) | ----- |
6. Armillaria mexicana Elías-Román, et al. AM 1742 | tehtecuitl (tecuitlatl = slime o cuitla, excrement; probably means stone mushroom) xotlalist = ? xocuitlas = ? | ----- |
7. Boletus atkinsonii Peck AM 1595 | tlacuahuac-xo-tomāh, pante-nanacatl (bread musroom) tlaxca-xo-tomāh (tlaxcalli = tortilla; tortilla mushroom) | panza grande (big belly mushroom) pante cemita |
8. Boletus aff. edulis Bull. RCRL 07 | oyametl- xo-tomāh (oyametl = fir) xo-tomāh, xo-tomāme, xo-tomāh, xo-tomāhtzi (icxi = pata, tomāhuac = gordo, hongo de pata gorda; o xitomātl = tomato, mushroom likes tomato) | panz, pata gorda (fat leg) |
9. Boletus miniato-pallescens A.H. Sm. & Hesler * AM 1607 | xo-tomāh-rabia (xitomātl = seems to the tomato; rabia = means the fungus is poisonous) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
10. Boletus pinophilus Pilát & Dermek OHT 05, 22 | xo-tomāh, xo-tomāh-me, xo-tomāh-te, xo-tomāh-iz xitomātl = mushoom like to the tomato. tlatlau- xo-tomāh, pantenanácatl, tlaxca-xo-tomāh, zaca-xo-tomāh, tepetl-xo-tomāh oco-xal-tomāh (ocoxal = pine litter) | panza grande (big belly mushroom) pante cemita pata gorda (fat leg) |
11. Boletus rubriceps D. Arora & J.L. Frank RCRL 21 | zaca-xo-tomāh (zacatl = zacate) | panza o pante de zacate (grass belly) |
12. Boletus sp. 1 Not Number | tlapal-xo-tomāh, tlapal-xo-tomāh (tlapalli = color), tlatlau-xo-tomāh= ? | panza de color |
13. Cantharellus complex cibarius Fr. OHT 25 | tecōzah, tecusah, tecutzal (den kuztic = the yellow; there are a wild yellow flower with the name teguza) | amarillitos (yellowish) |
14. Chalciporus piperatus (Bull.) Bataille * OHT 04 | popozoh-rabia, popuzoh, pupuso (popozoh-nallot = foam, it refers to the appearence of hymenium) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
15. Chroogomphus jamaicensis (Murrill) O.K. Mill. OHT 21 | tlapal-tecōzah tlapal-tecōzah-uitl (el tlapalli = color, it refers to a purple tecōzah) xilpatzutl = ? | hongo morado (purple mushroom) |
16. Hebeloma aff. mesophaeum (Pers.) Quél. AM 1713, RCRL 04 | ocō-xāl-nanacatl (ocō-xālli= pine-litter; mushroom growing in ocō-xāl) rastrojo-nanácatl (mushroom growing on stubble) | hongo de ocote (ocote mushroom) |
17. Helvella crispa (Scop.) Fr. OHT 19; AM 1602 | pantalon-nanacatl, gachupi huihuixocatzi (uiuixqui = débil xocatzi = ?, weak mushroom?) gāchupitzetze = ? soldados-nanácatl (soldier mushroom) huevis-nanacatl (egg mushroom) | gachupi blanco (white gachupi) orejas (ears) güerito orejas de ratón (mouse’ ears) |
18. Helvella lacunosa Afzel. OHT 20, 38 | charro-nanacatl (charro-mushroom) cuatlil (quaitl = cabeza, tlilli = black, black head) | tamborcito (drum) negrito (bold) gachupi negro (black gachupi) |
19. Hygrophorus chrysodon (Bastch) Fr. AK 2831 | chīlona-nanacatl (xilotl = cob nanacatl = fungi) chīlona-ltzitzi (tzitzi = ?) chī-chīlona-nanacatl | señoritas (ladies) blanquitos (little white) |
20. Infundibulicybe gibba (Pers.) Harmaja. OHT 44, RCRL 05 | ezquilo (ezquitl = scented flower The name refers to the sweet smell of the fungus), ezquilo de oyametl totomoch (totomachtle = the peel , corn’s peel) | hongo de campana (bell mushroom) = campanilla |
21. Infundibulicybe cf. squamulosa (Pers.) P. Kumm. OHT 24 | ezquilo de ocotl, totomoch see I. gibba | hongo de campana hongo de campana (bell mushroom) = campanilla |
22. Lactarius chelidoniun var. chelidonioides (A.H. Sm.) Hesler & A. H. Sm.* OHT 11 | pitzō-nanacatl (see A. muscaria) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
23. Lactarius deliciosus AME 1730 | chīl-nanacatl den ocotl (chilli-mushroom, ocotl = ocote= pine) | - |
24. Lactarius indigo (Schwein.) Fr. OHT 32 | cācāx-nanacatl (cacaxtli = it refers to kind of blue bird) | hongo azul (blue mushroom) |
25. Lactarius luculentus Burl.* OHT 09 | pitzō-nanacatl (see A. muscaria) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
26. Lactarius mexicanus Kong & Estrada * OHT 07 | pitzō-nanacatl (see A. muscaria) cuā-te-cax poison (cuatlil = head; tecaxitl = stone plate, poisonous mushroom with a head like a stone plate) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
27. Lactarius salmonicolor R. Heim et Leclair OHT 30, RCRL 02 | chīl-nanacatl (chilli-mushroom) chilabuelita, chimel-nanacatl, chilnanatzi, chichil-nanacatl, oyamelchil-nanacatl | cajetitos rojos (red cajetitos) trompa de cochino (pig’s trunk) |
28. Lactarius cf. villosus Clem.* OHT 10 | pitzō-nanacatl (see A. muscaria) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
29. Laccaria trichodermophora G.M.M Muell. OHT 18, RCRL 06 | xocoyoli, xuxocoyoli, xoxocoyoli, xoxocoyol-nanacatl, xocoyol-nanacatl (xogoyolli = the last child in the family, xogoyolti is the plural, xocoyoles = plural in Spanish. The name is given because it is one of the smallest edible mushrooms) | Clavito (little nail) |
30. Leccinum aurantiacum (Bull.) Gray * AM 1606 | tepe-xo-tomāh (tepetomatl = árbol madroño. It is one xo-tomāh growing around arbutus (Arbutus spp.) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
31. Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. AM 1615, OHT 14 | xiteburo, xite-nanacatl, xitetl (xiuitl = red grass; tetl = huevo; buro = the simplification of the word donkey; donkey egg mushroom) cefamil = ? | huevitos (little eggs) |
32. Lycoperdon sp. AM 1605 | xiteburo, xite-nanacatl, xitetl cefamil see L. perlatum | huevitos (little eggs) |
33. Lyophyllum sp. 1. AM 1741 | xōlētl, xulētl (xōlētl = delicate, xolectle fragil, xoleme es el plural) ocol-xōlētl (ocotl = ocote) | clavitos (little nails) hongo de mata (caespitose mushroom) |
34. Lyophyllum sp. 2 AM, 1625, RCRL 09 | tlacual-xōlētl = (tlacuahuac = encino), cuaxua-xōlētl = ? | - |
35. Lyophyllum sp. 3 AM 1764 | oyametl-xōlētl | - |
36. Morchella elata Fr. OHT 31 | ōlō-nanacatl(ōlōtl= corncob. The name is for several species of Morchella) | olotes (corncobs) |
37. Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. AM 857 | ōlō-nanacatl see M. elata. | olotes (corncobs) |
38. Paneolus sp. S/N | nanacatl den kuitlatl | Hongo de estiércol |
39. Pleurotus opuntiae (Durieu et Lév.) Sacc. AM 974 | me-nanacatl (metl = maguey nanacatl = mushroom) meso-nanacatl (megotl = maguey mushroom) huexo-nanacatl (huexotl = willow, willow musroom) | hongo de maguey (maguey mushroom) |
40. Phaeoclavulina abietina (Pers.) Glachini * AM 1600 | xelhuas den pitzō-nanacatl (xelhuas = broom, poisonous broom) | escobeta venenosa (poison broom) |
41. Phaeolus shweinitzii (Fries.) Pat. S/N | nanacatl den kuahuitl | hongo de tronco |
42. Ramaria apiculata (Fr.) Donk * E-T 2304 | xelhuas den pitzō-nanacatl (see R. abietina) | escobeta venenosa (poison broom) |
43. Ramaria bonii Estrada AM 1599 | xelhuāz (xelhuāztle = broom, mushroom’ broom)= x. den kustic | escobeta amarilla (broom) |
44. Ramaria concolor (Corner) R. H. Petersen* AM 1601 | xelhuāz den pitzō-nanacatl | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
45. Ramaria cystidiophora (Kauffman) Corner AM 1715D | xelhuāz (see R. bonii) | Escobeta (broom) |
46. Ramaria rubricarnata (Pers.) ersatilis Quél. AM 1762 | xelhuāz (see R. bonni). | Escobeta rosa (broom) |
47. Ramaria rubripermanens Marr & D.E.Stuntz AM 1715C, 1747A | xelhuāz (see R. bonii) cuamanox = ? xelhuāz-tzitzi (tzitzi = ?) | escobeta morada (purple broom) escobeta café |
48. Ramaria sanguinea (Pers.) Quél. AM 1747B | xelhuāz (see R. bonii) | Escobeta (broom) |
49. Ramaria sp.1 Subgenus laeticolora AM 1681 | xelhuāz café | escobeta café |
50. Ramaria sp. 2 RCRL 57 | cuamanox | - |
51. Russula delica group OHT 15, RCRL 01 | cuā-te-cax (cuatlil = cabeza, tecaxitl = stone plate or metate) cualtzitzi (cuatlil = head, tzitzi = ?) iztāc nanacatl (iztāc = white nanacatl = mushroom) | charritos tecajete |
52. Russula cf. fragilis Vittad.*AK 2924 | pitzō-nanacatl | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
53. Russula griseascens (Bon & Gaugué) Marti* AK 2939 | pitzō-nanacatl | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
54. Russula murrilli Burl.* AM 1613 | pitzō-nanacatl | hongo malo (poison fungus) |
55. Sarcodon sp. * S/N | tlalpīltzal den pitzō-nanacatl | corneta de veneno (poison trumpet) |
56. Suillus pseudobrevipes A.H. Sm. et Thiers AM 1596 | popozo, pupuzo (popozonallot = foam; foam mushroom) | panza (belly mushroom) pancita chica (small bely) |
57. Trametes sp. S/N | nanacatl den kuahuitl | Hongo de tronco |
58. Tricholoma equestre (L.) P. (Kumm) AET 2306 | - | cailita (?) |
59. Turbinellus floccosus (Schwein.) Earle ex Giachini & Castellano AM 1609 | tlalpīltzal (tlalpīltzalli= trumpet, trumpet shaped mushroom) oyametl-nanácatl (oyametl = fir, nanacatl = mushroom, fir mushroom) = oyametl-tlapiltzal | corneta (trumpet = funnel mushroom) cornetilla (trumpet = funnel mushroom) |
60. Tylopilus sp. AM 2017A | tepeto-- xo-tomāh, tepetl = cerro | panza del cerro |
61. Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda AM 973 | cuitlacoche (cuitla = excrement cochi = pig; pig’s excrement) | hongo de maíz (corn’s mushroom) cochinito (little pig) |
62. Xerocomus truncatus (Singer, Snell & E.A. Dick)* OHT 03 | xo-tomāh-rabia (It is a poisonous xo-tomāh) | hongo malo (poison fungus) |