Table 4 Ethnobotanical inventory of Monpa in Mêdog County, Tibet, China

Acanthaceae

Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze

Yang-shar-pa

Herb

Leaves

Dye plant

0.25

0.25

WangYH0009

Actinidiaceae

Saurauia punduana Wall.

A-rong-ma

Tree

Flower buds and fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.78

0.78

18CS16811

Adoxaceae

Sambucus williamsii Hance

Bha-mu-klung-shi

Shrub

Leaves

Leaves are baked on the fire with butter used for treating bruises

18CS16839

Adoxaceae

Viburnum cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

Uh-mu-ling-shing

Tree

Fruits and burgeons

Fruit oil soaked in alcohol for anti-inflammatory and soaked in honey for removing scar. Burgeons are boiled in water for repelling flea

0.05

0.05

18CS16894

Adoxaceae

Viburnum erubescens Wall.

Tseh-za-klu-shing

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

18CS16949

Altingiaceae

Altingia excelsa Noronha

Sang-shing

Tree

Branches, fruits and burgeons

Fuel. Fruits are burned for refreshing. Making tea

0.53

0.53

18CS16869

Amaranthaceae

Chenopodium album L.

Shar-ri-mu

Herb

Seeds

Food (extracting starch)

0.09

0.09

18CS16857

Anacardiaceae

Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B. L. Burtt & A. W. Hill

Ju-ru-ra

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.16

0.16

18CS16940

Apiaceae

Pimpinella diversifolia DC.

Gya-ma-ga-dsa

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.56

0.56

18CS16816

Apocynaceae

Apocynaceae sp.

Nu-ru

Vine

Roots and stems

Medicine used for treating allergy

18CS16899

Araceae

Alocasia longiloba Miq.

Bo-zong-gang-gyi-pa

Herb

Roots

Sliced roots used for anti-infective and treating burns

WangYH0069

Araceae

Colocasia affinis Schott

Bu-dong

Herb

Rhizomes

Food (a kind of vegetable). Extracting starch

0.17

0.17

18CS16922

Araceae

Colocasia antiquorum Schott

Bu-rong

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable). Extracting starch

0.11

0.11

18CS16824

Araceae

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

Pon-song

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable). Extracting starch

0.05

0.05

WangYH0184

Araceae

Remusatia pumila (D. Don) H. Li & A. Hay

Pon-song

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable, and boiled in the water)

0.05

0.05

WangYH0029

Araceae

Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott

Ri-bo-srong

Herb

Leaves

Food (a kind of vegetable, and boiled in the water)

WangYH0178

Araceae

Sauromatum venosum (Dryand. ex Aiton) Kunth

Reh-drong-ma

Herb

Whole plant

Crushed plants are used for treating suppuration

18CS16876

Araliaceae

Brassaiopsis hainla (Buch.-Ham.) Seem.

Bhong-dong-shing

Tree

Barks

Boiled for treating arthritis

0.05

0.05

18CS16883

Araliaceae

Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb.

Sa-la-meng-ba-ren

Herb

Whole plant

Fish poison plant

0.06

0.06

18CS16948

Araliaceae

Schefflera khasiana (C. B. Clarke) R. Vig.

Pyu-shing

Tree

Stems

Musical instrument

0.22

0.22

18CS16897

Arecaceae

Arenga micrantha C. F. Wei

Ta-shi

Tree

Stems

Food (extracting starch). Forage

0.34

0.36

18CS16836

Arecaceae

Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.

Ta-shing

Tree

Stems

Extracting starch

0.16

0.16

WangYH0132

Arecaceae

Calamus acanthospathus Griff.

B-nyu-mu/ Ba-ser

Vine

Burgeons and fruits

Food (a kind of vegetable and fruit). Making agriculture tools

0.43

0.43

18CS16864

Arecaceae

Caryota obtusa Griff.

Chu-shing

Tree

Stems

Making chopsticks

0.09

0.09

18CS16819

Asparagaceae

Polygonatum oppositifolium (Wall.) Royle

Ren-gyi-tsong

Herb

Burgeons

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.05

0.05

WangYH0194

Asparagaceae

Rohdea nepalensis (Raf.) N.Tanaka

Ka-lu

Herb

Tender stems

Food (a kind of vegetable)

18CS16958

Athyriaceae

Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.

Ta-wai

Fern

Tender stems and leaves

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.34

0.34

18CS16817

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens arguta Hook.f. & Thomson

Gyang-tsong-hwen

Herb

Leaves

Crushed leaves are used for stopping bleeding. Forage

0.33

0.33

WangYH0050

Begoniaceae

Begonia aborensis Dunn

Gyu-bu

Herb

Stems

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.08

0.08

18CS16834

Begoniaceae

Begonia acetosella Craib

Pa-pa-man

Herb

Leaves

Mashed leaves are used for treating leeches bite

18CS16936

Berberidaceae

Holboellia latifolia Wall.

Chou-dang-lie-si

Vine

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.2

0.2

18CS16898

Bignoniaceae

Radermachera yunnanensis C.Y.Wu

Gya-srong-ni-shing

Tree

Stems

Making agriculture tools

0.08

0.08

18CS16944

Boraginaceae

Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.

Pa-mi-shing

Tree

Fruits

Extracting oil

0.13

0.13

18CS16818

Brassicaceae

Cardamine macrophylla Willd.

Shu

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

18CS16852

Brassicaceae

Rorippa dubia (Pers.) H.Hara

Ling-zong-mer-mu

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.31

0.31

18CS16835

Campanulaceae

Codonopsis affinis Hook.f. & Thomson

Gyang-phu-sen

Herb

Fruits

Spice plant

0.27

0.27

WangYH0037

Campanulaceae

Codonopsis inflata Hook.f.

Gyang-hu-ser

Vine

Fruits

Spices plant

0.05

0.05

WangYH0038

Cannabaceae

Celtis tetrandra Roxb.

Long-shing

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.2

0.2

18CS16903

Caprifoliaceae

Leycesteria formosa Wall.

Pya-min-mon

Shrub

Leaves

Medicine uesd for stopping bleeding

WangYH0170

Celastraceae

Celastrus glaucophyllus Rehder & E. H. Wilson

Ling-shing

Twining shrub

Trunks

Timber plant

WangYH0048

Clusiaceae

Garcinia nujiangensis C. Y. Wu & Y. H. Li

La-ga-dong-shing

Tree

Fruits and stems

Food (a kind of fruit). Fuel

18CS16931

Clusiaceae

Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.

Kor-mang

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

WangYH0027

Combretaceae

Terminalia myriocarpa Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.

Ba-lem-shing

Tree

Trunks

Timber plant

WangYH0124

Commelinaceae

Streptolirion volubile Edgew.

Pa-ner-ju

Herb

Whole plant

Forage

18CS16885

Compositae

Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen

Nyi-ra-ki

Herb

Burgeons

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.13

0.13

WangYH0056

Compositae

Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Besser

Myer-rang-ma

Herb

Leaves

The powder of “xin zei” are wrapped in leaves and rolled up, and then placed on the navel as moxibustion, used for treating stomach pain

18CS16868

Compositae

Bidens pilosa L.

Sgrong-treng-rong

Herb

Leaves

Boiled leaves used for treating cold, sore throat and stuffy nose

0.05

0.05

18CS16872

Compositae

Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore

Gyal-pa-ehn

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.78

0.78

18CS16809

Compositae

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.

Wen-gya-pa

Herb

Aerial parts

Forage

0.06

0.06

WangYH0121

Compositae

Helianthus tuberosus L.

Yang-gyal

Herb

Tubers

18CS16854

Cornaceae

Cornus capitata Wall.

Da-ming-der-shing

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.08

0.08

18CS16950

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbitaceae sp.

Doe-shung

Vine

Tubers

Washing hair and clothes

0.19

0.19

18CS16823

Cucurbitaceae

Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.

Su-ba

Herb

Leaves

Food (a kind of vegetable), boiled leaves used for treatinng cholecystitis. Washing hair and clothes

0.31

0.31

18CS16874

Cucurbitaceae

Solena heterophylla Lour.

Gang-gu-long

Herb

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.25

0.25

18CS16873

Cucurbitaceae

Thladiantha cordifolia (Blume) Cogn.

Su-pa

Vine

Tubers

Washing hair and clothes

0.34

0.34

18CS16863

Cucurbitaceae

Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.

A-pa-kas

Vine

Seeds

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.06

0.06

18CS16943

Cucurbitaceae

Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) H.Y. Liu

Ka-gyi

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.19

0.19

18CS16826

Cupressaceae

Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco

shug-pa

Tree

Stems

Religious ritual use

WangYH0017

Cyatheaceae

Alsophila articulata J. Sm. ex T. Moore & Houlston

A-gyi

Tree

Stems

Making alcohol beverages. Extracting starch

0.16

0.18

WangYH0108

Cyperaceae

Scirpus rosthornii Diels

Gong-bu-ueh

Herb

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.06

0.06

18CS16946

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea alata L.

Dgro-ton/ Gyu-dang

Vine

Rhizomes

Food (a kind of vegetable). Extracting starch

0.08

0.08

WangYH0140

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea melanophyma Prain & Burkill

Bo-zon-za-lu

Vine

Leaves and rhizomes

Food (a kind of vegetable). Extracting starch. Forage

0.06

0.06

WangYH0059

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea pentaphylla L.

Pan-dang

Vine

Roots

Extracting starch. Forage. Food (a kind of fruit)

0.34

0.34

18CS16889

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea sp.

Ju-dang

Vine

Rhizomes

Food (a kind of vegetable). Extracting starch

0.36

0.36

18CS16877

Ebenaceae

Diospyros lotus L.

A-mu-dong-ba-shing

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

18CS16954

Ebenaceae

Diospyros variegata Kurz

Ang-dri-pha

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

WangYH0104

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus conferta Roxb.

Trong-pa-lin

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

18CS16952

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.

Dar-ma

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.27

0.27

18CS16859

Elaeocarpaceae

Elaeocarpus braceanus Watt ex C. B. Clarke

Gar-shar-dong-shing

Tree

Seeds and fruits

Boiled seeds used for treating diarrhea. Food (a kind of fruit)

0.5

0.5

18CS16858

Elaeocarpaceae

Elaeocarpaceae sp.

Dang-bu-ru

Tree or shrub

Fruits

Extracting oil

0.19

0.19

18CS16942

Equisetaceae

Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.

Nyer-tshyu

Herb

Roots and aerial parts

Food (a kind of fruit). Boiled liquid for treating rheumatism

0.3

0.3

18CS16878

Ericaceae

Craibiodendron henryi W. W. Sm.

Shar-kor-shing

Tree

Branches and leaves

Put in the field for treating rice blast

18CS16890

Ericaceae

Gaultheria straminea R. C. Fang

Tsong-pa-ling

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.08

0.08

18CS16861

Euphorbiaceae

Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg.

Tsa-la-ga

Tree

Leaves

Making agriculture tools

18CS16909

Euphorbiaceae

Ostodes paniculata Blume

Ga-ren-de-shing

Tree

Seeds

Extracting oil

0.06

0.06

18CS16840

Euphorbiaceae

Ricinus communis L.

Gyal-mu-na

Herb

Leaves

Leaves are baked on the fire with butter used for treating bruises. Seed oils

18CS16888

Fagaceae

Castanopsis clarkei King ex Hook.f.

Suo-na

Tree

Fruits

Nut

0.11

0.11

18CS16938

Gentianaceae

Crawfurdia angustata C. B. Clarke

Suo-long-ma

Herb

Leaves and flowers

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.09

0.09

18CS16831

Gentianaceae

Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

Pau-sein-po

Herb

Leaves and roots

Medicine used for treating malaria

WangYH0023

Gentianaceae

Swertia nervosa (Wall. ex G. Don) C. B. Clarke

Pa-bhu-ser-pu

Herb

Leaves and roots

Leaves are boiled in the water used for treating diarrhea

18CS16841

Gnetaceae

Gnetum pendulum C. Y. Cheng

Gyong-ga-sa

Vine

Fruits

Nut

0.22

0.22

18CS16959

Hydrangeaceae

Dichroa febrifuga Lour.

Yo-gor-shing

Shrub

Branches

Branches are burned as mosquito repellent

18CS16901

Hypericaceae

Hypericum bellum H. L. Li

Kor-ma-shing

Shrub

Fruits

Food (sweet taste)

WangYH0110

Hypoxidaceae

Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb.

Tsan-ngan

Herb

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.27

0.27

18CS16829

Lamiaceae

Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth.

Na-gang-shing

Herb

Aerial parts

Incense plant

WangYH0071

Lamiaceae

Elsholtzia feddei H.Lév.

Pa-pi

Herb

Leaves

Spice plant for making blood sausage

18CS16882

Lamiaceae

Isodon lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Hara

Ra-khu-la-dang

Herb

Whole plant

Boiled liquid for treating intestinal parasites

WangYH0172

Lamiaceae

Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim.

Shing-nang-gu-lu

Herb

Leaves

Chewed leaves used for treating allergies

18CS16871

Lamiaceae

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton

Nang

Herb

Seeds

Extracting oil

0.08

0.08

WangYH0199

Lamiaceae

Pogostemon brevicorollus Y.Z.Sun

Na-mu-sein

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.2

0.2

18CS16865

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum contractum H. W. Li

Shing-tsa

Tree

Roots

Crushed roots are used for stomach pain. Tobacco substitutes

0.28

0.28

18CS16892

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume

Lho-pa-sang-shing

Tree

Leaves

Incense plant

0.06

0.06

WangYH0030

Lauraceae

Litsea tibetana Yen C. Yang & P. H. Huang

Snying-shing

Shrub

Fruits

Extracting oil

0.09

0.09

18CS16934

Leguminosae

Amphicarpaea bracteata subsp. edgeworthii (Benth.) H.Ohashi

Shor-ru

Herb

Roots

Forage

WangYH0094

Leguminosae

Derris scabricaulis (Franch.) Gagnep.

Ang-du-ru

Liana

Roots

Fish poison plant

0.16

0.16

18CS16821

Leguminosae

Erythrina arborescens Roxb.

Tsa-shing

Tree

Stems and leaves

Stems are used for carving materials. Making agriculture tools

0.25

0.32

18CS16891

Leguminosae

Entada rheedii Spreng.

Kor-lo-ba-ru

Vine

Fruits

Food (remove toxicity by boiling 10 times)

0.22

0.22

18CS16846

Leguminosae

Millettia pachycarpa Benth.

Ngra-ru

Liana

Seeds and roots

Crushed seeds and roots are used for killing insects

WangYH0061

Loranthaceae

Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh.

Tsa-snying

Shrub parasitic

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

18CS16928

Malvaceae

Abroma augusta (L.) L.f.

Go-men-ta-dong-shing

Shrub

Whole plant

Making agriculture tools

0.06

0.06

WangYH0003

Malvaceae

Malvaceae sp.

Pu-lang-shing

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.06

0.06

18CS16827

Malvaceae

Sterculia lanceifolia Roxb.

Bha-ba-ba-gu

Tree or shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.23

0.23

18CS16910

Malvaceae

Urena lobata L.

Tsi-ming-uenh

Herb

Whole plant

Religious ritual use

0.22

0.22

18CS16893

Marantaceae

Stachyphrynium placentarium (Lour.) Clausager & Borchs.

La-gu-la-la

Herb

Leaves

Making agriculture tools

WangYH0196

Melanthiaceae

Paris polyphylla ssp.

A-du-ba-du

Herb

Rhizomes

Boiled liquid for treating diabetes

18CS16853

Menispermaceae

Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp.

Ru-dour

Woody vine

Roots

Boiled the dried roots used for treating rheumatism and snake bite

WangYH0177

Menispermaceae

Stephania sp.

Yong-ju-pin

Woody vine

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.22

0.22

18CS16932

Moraceae

Ficus auriculata Lour.

Ba-drong-ma-shing

Tree

Fruits and leaves

Food (a kind of fruit). Forage

0.06

0.08

18CS16960

Moraceae

Ficus cyrtophylla (Wall. ex Miq.) Miq.

Pa-ju-ma

Tree or shrub

Fruits

Beverage

18CS16915

Moraceae

Ficus oligodon Miq.

Ba-ler-drong-ma

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.09

0.09

18CS16918

Moraceae

Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.

Drong-ma

Tree

Fruits and leaves

Fruits are eaten directly. Leaves are used as sandpaper to burnish the bowl

0.39

0.43

18CS16832

Moraceae

Ficus subincisa Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.

Rel-me-sgrong-ma

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

18CS16925

Moraceae

Morus alba L.

Sems-ling-shing

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.17

0.17

18CS16902

Moraceae

Morus wittiorum Hand.-Mazz.

Sems-ling-shing

Tree

Stems

Boiled liquid for treating leprosy. Timber plant

0.25

0.25

18CS16947

Musaceae

Musa sanguinea Hook.f.

A-nyi-lae-sih

Herb

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.3

0.3

WangYH0176

Nephrolepidaceae

Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl

Ta-wai

Fern

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.33

0.33

18CS16896

Oleaceae

Fraxinus floribunda Wall.

Tra-per-shing

Tree

Barks

Boiled liquid for treating sprain and sunburn

18CS16912

Omphalotaceae

Lentinus sajor-caju Fr.

Bren-ba-ba-mu

Fungi

Mushroom

Food (a kind of vegetable)

18CS16933

Omphalotaceae

Lentinus sp.

Tsyer-gen-ba-mu

Fungi

Mushroom

Food (a kind of vegetable)

18CS16930

Ophioglossaceae

Ophioglossum vulgatum L.

Gu-gu-meng

Grass

Burgeons

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.06

0.06

18CS16844

Orchidaceae

Dendrobium catenatum Lindl.

Shi-hu

Herb epiphytic

Stems

Boiled liquid for treating cold

18CS16856

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis corniculata L.

Ju-bu-uenh

Herb

Leaves

Eaten directly, used for treating morning sickness

18CS16867

Pentaphylacaceae

Eurya acuminata DC.

Zem-shing

Tree or shrub

Leaves

Dye plant and mordant

WangYH0067

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.

Mye-mye-gang-pu-mon

Herb

Leaves

Spice plant

0.06

0.06

18CS16881

Pinaceae

Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks.

Shog-shing-nang

Tree

Trunks

Timber plant

0.2

0.2

WangYH0128

Piperaceae

Piper semiimmersum C. DC.

Pi-pi-ling

Climber

Leaves

Boiled the dried leaves used for treating altitude sickness and irregular menstruation

18CS16845

Piperaceae

Piper sp.

Sa-pa

Shrub or climber

Leaves

Mashed leaves used for stopping bleeding

18CS16822

Piperaceae

Piper sylvaticum Roxb.

Pang-ser

Climber

Leaves

Mashed leaves used for anti-inflammatory

WangYH0188

Poaceae

Arundo donax L.

Sra-gu

Bamboo

Leaves and stems

Fuel

WangYH0097

Poaceae

Bambusa teres Munro

Li-shing

Bamboo

Culms

Making bow and arrow

0.09

0.09

WangYH0092

Poaceae

Coix lacryma-jobi L.

Phon-pa-lin

Herb

Seeds

Boiled liquid for treating high blood pressure. Ornament plant

0.27

0.27

WangYH0179

Poaceae

Dendrocalamus tibeticus Hsueh & T. P. Yi

Ha-po

Bamboo

Culms and shoots.

Food (a kind of vegetable). Making agriculture tools

0.1

0.1

WangYH0160

Poaceae

Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.

Kon-pu

Herb

Seeds

Making alcohol beverages. Extracting starch

0.47

0.5

WangYH0001

Poaceae

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.

Shing-pu

Herb

Leaves

Thatching

0.06

0.06

18CS16843

Poaceae

Phyllostachys mannii Gamble

Suo-nong

Bamboo

Burgeons

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.08

0.08

18CS16907

Poaceae

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Phin-nang

Herb

Stems and seeds

Stems are eaten directly. Seeds are used for preparing alcohol beverages

0.05

0.12

18CS16814

Poaceae

Themeda villosa (Lam.) A.Camus

Pi-li

Herb

Leaves

Thatching

0.11

0.11

18CS16842

Polygonaceae

Fagopyrum acutatum (Lehm.) Mansf. ex K.Hammer

Pin-dae-mu

Herb

Leaves

Food (a kind of vegetable). Forage

0.13

0.15

18CS16813

Polygonaceae

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

Ka-la

Herb

Fruits

Food (extracting starch)

0.13

0.13

18CS16855

Polygonaceae

Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.

Ka-la

Herb

Seeds

Making alcohol beverages. Extracting starch

0.17

0.21

WangYH0182

Polygonaceae

Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross

Long-pa-dang-mon-nang

Herb

Whole plant

Medicine used for burns

0.05

0.05

WangYH0155

Polygonaceae

Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe

Gong-sgrer-ming

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of fruit). Forage

0.06

0.08

18CS16919

Polygonaceae

Polygonum chinense var. ovalifolium Meisner

Gu-ju-ma-shing

Herb

Tender stems and leaves

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.09

0.09

18CS16820

Polyporaceae

Polyporus sp.

Shing-pa-mu

Fungi

Mushroom

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.09

0.09

18CS16917

Primulaceae

Embelia floribunda Wall.

Ju-bu-ru

Vine

Fruits and roots

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.09

0.09

18CS16927

Primulaceae

Maesa marioniae Merr.

Ker-seh-ru

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

18CS16953

Primulaceae

Maesa rugosa C. B. Clarke

Lho-ku-mer-shing

Shrub

Leaves

Making agriculture tools

0.09

0.09

18CS16957

Ranunculaceae

Clematis napaulensis DC.

Vine

Leaves

Forage

WangYH0058

Rhamnaceae

Hovenia acerba Lindl.

Shi-pi

Tree

Fruits

Boiled or eaten directly, used for alcoholism

18CS16884

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus napalensis (Wall.) M. A. Lawson

Da-gor-shing

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.06

0.06

18CS16923

Rosaceae

Chaenomeles cathayensis (Hemsl.) C. K. Schneid.

Tong-ju-bha-bu

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.27

0.27

18CS16921

Rosaceae

Duchesnea indica (Jacks.) Focke

Pu-tshu-la-gong

Herb

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit), boiled the dried fruits used for detoxification and treating bruises

0.41

0.41

18CS16875

Rosaceae

Laurocerasus undulata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) M. Roemer

Dan-bur

Tree or shrub

Seeds

Extracting oil. Religious ritual use

WangYH0068

Rosaceae

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Lin-shing

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.33

0.33

18CS16956

Rosaceae

Rubus ellipticus Sm.

Tser-gong

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.33

0.33

18CS16850

Rosaceae

Rubus niveus Thunb.

Tu-lu-tse-gong

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.05

0.05

18CS16815

Rosaceae

Rubus sumatranus Miq.

Ga-bu-dong-tse-gong

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.14

0.14

18CS16939

Rubiaceae

Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet

Nom-meng

Tree or shrub

Flowers

Religious ritual use

WangYH0051

Rubiaceae

Mussaenda pubescens Dryand.

Meng-gya-bai-dong-shing

Shrub

Leaves

Seasonal indication

0.06

0.06

18CS16941

Rubiaceae

Ophiorrhiza medogensis H. Li

Ming-zi-ma-mu

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.11

0.11

18CS16862

Rubiaceae

Rubia membranacea Diels

Lae-nyi

Herb

Stems

Dye plant

WangYH0114

Rubiaceae

Rubia wallichiana Decne.

Lae-nyi

Herb

Stems

Dye plant

0.3

0.3

WangYH0127

Rubiaceae

Spiradiclis sp.

Mi-zu-ma

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.09

0.09

18CS16833

Rubiaceae

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil.

Gou-du

Liana

Stems

Boiled liquid for treating high blood pressure

18CS16962

Rubiaceae

Uncaria scandens (Sm.) Hutch.

Tsae-tsu

Liana

Leaves

Boiled liquid for treating epilepsy

18CS16905

Rubiaceae

Wendlandia tinctoria (Roxb.) DC.

Mehi-neng-nang-shi

Tree or shrub

Stems

Making agriculture tools

0.17

0.17

18CS16900

Rutaceae

Citrus medica L.

Hpo-rang-nying-pa

Tree or shrub

Fruits

Medicine used for treating cold

Rutaceae

Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.

Ae-pi-ka-ba

Shrub

Seeds

Seed oil with butter is used for treating epilepsy

18CS16961

Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum motuoense C. C. Huang

Gei

Tree

Fruits

Crushed fruits are used for treating bad skin odour. Spice plant

0.56

0.56

18CS16895

Sabiaceae

Meliosma pinnata (Roxb.) Maxim.

Beng-shar-shing

Tree

Flowers

Seasonal indication

0.06

0.06

18CS16945

Scrophulariaceae

Buddleja asiatica Lour.

Yang-ren

Shrub

Whole plant

Making alcohol beverages

18CS16914

Solanaceae

Datura stramonium L.

Yun-ma-chu-dong

Herb or subshrub

Seeds

Medicine used for treating toothache

0.06

0.06

18CS16837

Solanaceae

Nicotiana tabacum L.

Da-mu-ga

Herb

Leaves

Crushed leaves used for treating sinusitis

18CS16906

Solanaceae

Solanum americanum Mill.

Gu-ju-shu

Herb

Burgeons

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.14

0.14

18CS16838

Solanaceae

Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq.

Kha-lang-gyi

Herb to subshrub

Roots

Crushed roots and the leaves of Luffa cylindrica are used for treating psoriasis

18CS16866

Solanaceae

Solanum torvum Sw.

Kha-lang-gyi

Shrub

Fruits

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.2

0.2

18CS16812

Taxaceae

Torreya grandis var. yunnanensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba

Gae-long-shing

Tree

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

18CS16880

Thymelaeaceae

Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn.

Sho-gu-shing/ Ju-pu -shing

Tree

Barks

Papermaking

0.05

0.05

WangYH0006

Urticaceae

Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd.

Rang-shing

Shrub

Roots

Boiled liquid for preventing miscarriage and treating bruises

18CS16870

Urticaceae

Elatostema cuneiforme W.T.Wang

Tsen-tsen-pa

Herb

Aerial parts

Forage

0.08

0.08

WangYH0091

Urticaceae

Elatostema nasutum Hook.f.

Da-mi-ru

Herb

Leaves

Food (a kind of vegetable boiled in the water first)

18CS16848

Urticaceae

Gonostegia hirta (Blume ex Hassk.) Miq.

Ro-gyi-ba

Herb

Whole plant

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.08

0.08

18CS16924

Urticaceae

Pilea hilliana Hand.-Mazz.

Ru-gong-su-gang

Herb

Leaves

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.05

0.05

WangYH0159

Urticaceae

Poikilospermum lanceolatum (Trécul) Merr.

Ba-mi-ru

Shrub

Leaves and aerial roots

Leaves are used for forage. Aerial roots are used for rope

0.34

0.36

18CS16830

Urticaceae

Urtica mairei H. Lév.

Gang-dang-gyal-zu

Herb

Leaves

Food (a kind of vegetable)

WangYH0040

Violaceae

Viola sp.

Pian-mier

Herb

Whole plant

Boiled liquid for clearing heat and detoxification

WangYH0066

Vitaceae

Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch.

Ju-bae-ru

Liana

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.28

0.28

18CS16828

Xanthorrhoeaceae

Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.

Chu-ta

Herb

Leaves and flowers

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.17

0.17

18CS16887

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia bambusifolia C. F. Liang & D. Fang

Tar-gang

Herb

Flower buds

Food (sweet taste)

0.2

0.2

WangYH0101

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe

Tar-gang

Herb

Flower buds

Food (sweet taste)

0.2

0.2

WangYH0103

Zingiberaceae

Curcuma aromatica Salisb.

Dgrong

Herb

Roots and leaves

Boiled roots used for treating heat stroke, irregular menstruation and boiled leaves used for treating alcoholism

18CS16879

Zingiberaceae

Curcuma longa L.

Dgrong

Herb

Roots

Dye plant

0.22

0.22

WangYH0070

Zingiberaceae

Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.

Ma-mi-niu-mu

Herb

Burgeons

Food (a kind of vegetable)

0.05

0.05

18CS16849

Zingiberaceae

Hornstedtia tibetica T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen

Su-mi

Herb

Fruits

Food (a kind of fruit)

0.08

0.08

18CS16847