Characteristics | Total respondents | % | Visit the Tamu leisurely (n = 51) | % | Do not visit the Tamu leisurely (n = 109) | % | p value^ | Indigenous (n = 87) | % | Non-indigenous (n = 73) | % | p value^ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 83 | 51.9 | 29 | 56.9 | 54 | 49.5 | 0.488 | 47 | 46 | 36 | 49.3 | 0.664 |
Female | 77 | 48.1 | 22 | 43.1 | 55 | 50.5 | 40 | 54 | 37 | 50.7 | |||
Age | 20–39 | 49 | 30.6 | 20 | 39.2 | 29 | 26.6 | 22 | 25.3 | 27 | 37 | ||
40–64 | 97 | 60.6 | 25 | 49 | 72 | 66.1 | 0.122 | 54 | 62.1 | 43 | 58.9 | 0.073 | |
65 above | 14 | 8.8 | 6 | 11.8 | 8 | 7.3 | 11 | 12.6 | 3 | 41.1 | |||
Marital status | Married | 129 | 80.6 | 39 | 76.5 | 90 | 82.6 | 0.487 | 75 | 86.2 | 54 | 74 | 0.08 |
Single | 31 | 19.4 | 12 | 23.5 | 19 | 17.4 | 12 | 13.8 | 19 | 26 | |||
Residential status | Local | 110 | 68.8 | 37 | 72.5 | 73 | 67 | 0.599 | 84 | 96.6 | 26 | 35.6 | < 0.001* |
Foreigner | 50 | 31.2 | 14 | 27.5 | 36 | 33 | 3 | 3.4 | 47 | 64.4 | |||
Period of Stay | Tourist | 2 | 4.0 | 1 | 7.2 | 1 | 2.8 | ||||||
< 1 year | 1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.8 | 0.12 | ||||||
1–5 years | 9 | 18.0 | 5 | 35.7 | 4 | 11.1 | |||||||
> 5 years | 38 | 76.0 | 8 | 57.1 | 30 | 83.3 | |||||||
Frequency of market visit in native country | Regularly | 34 | 68.0 | 7 | 50 | 27 | 75 | ||||||
Sometimes | 13 | 26.0 | 6 | 42.9 | 7 | 19.4 | 0.154 | ||||||
No | 3 | 6.0 | 1 | 7.1 | 2 | 5.6 | |||||||
Frequency of Tamu visit | Regularly | 101 | 63.1 | 29 | 56.9 | 72 | 66.1 | 49 | 56.3 | 52 | 71.2 | ||
Sometimes | 56 | 35.0 | 20 | 39.2 | 36 | 33 | 0.224 | 38 | 43.7 | 18 | 24.7 | 0.008* | |
Only during festival | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Others | 3 | 1.9 | 2 | 3.9 | 1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4.1 | |||
Are you from an indigenous community? | No | 73 | 45.6 | 22 | 43.1 | 51 | 46.8 | 0.793 | |||||
Yes | 87 | 54.4 | 29 | 56.9 | 58 | 53.2 | |||||||
If yes, which group are you from? | Malay | 58 | 66.7 | 18 | 62 | 40 | 69 | ||||||
Kedayan | 17 | 19.5 | 7 | 24.1 | 10 | 17.2 | |||||||
Dusun | 3 | 3.5 | 1 | 3.5 | 2 | 3.5 | 0.211 | ||||||
Iban | 5 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 8.6 | |||||||
Melayu Tutong | 3 | 3.5 | 2 | 6.9 | 1 | 1.7 | |||||||
Serawak Kuching | 1 | 1.1 | 1 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Monthly Income | < BND1000 | 90 | 56.2 | 28 | 54.9 | 62 | 56.9 | 48 | 55.2 | 42 | 57.5 | ||
BND1000–1999 | 35 | 21.9 | 11 | 21.6 | 24 | 22 | 0.592 | 22 | 25.3 | 13 | 17.8 | 0.492 | |
BND2000–2999 | 18 | 11.3 | 8 | 15.7 | 10 | 9.2 | 10 | 11.5 | 8 | 11 | |||
> BND3000 | 12 | 7.5 | 2 | 3.9 | 10 | 9.2 | 6 | 6.9 | 6 | 8.2 | |||
Not available | 5 | 3.1 | 2 | 3.9 | 3 | 2.7 | 1 | 1.1 | 4 | 5.5 | |||
Education level | None | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Primary | 13 | 8.1 | 6 | 11.8 | 7 | 6.4 | 6 | 6.9 | 7 | 9.6 | |||
Secondary | 95 | 59.4 | 26 | 51 | 69 | 63.3 | 0.395 | 57 | 65.5 | 38 | 52 | 0.005* | |
Vocational/diploma | 25 | 15.6 | 11 | 21.5 | 14 | 12.8 | 17 | 19.5 | 8 | 11 | |||
BA | 21 | 13.1 | 6 | 11.8 | 15 | 13.8 | 7 | 8.1 | 14 | 19.2 | |||
MA and above | 6 | 3.8 | 2 | 3.9 | 4 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 8.2 | |||
Main reason for visiting Tamu | Cheap prices | 16 | 10.0 | 5 | 9.8 | 11 | 10.1 | 8 | 9.2 | 8 | 10.9 | ||
Lots of vegetables/fruits | 90 | 56.3 | 31 | 60.8 | 59 | 54.1 | 45 | 51.7 | 45 | 61.6 | |||
Local fruits and vegetables | 18 | 11.3 | 5 | 9.8 | 13 | 11.9 | 0.729 | 13 | 14.9 | 5 | 6.9 | 0.508 | |
Meeting familiar people | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Can bargain | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | |||
Fresh | 11 | 6.9 | 2 | 3.9 | 9 | 8.3 | 6 | 6.9 | 5 | 6.9 | |||
Convenient | 4 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3.7 | 1 | 1.2 | 3 | 4.1 | |||
Medicinal plants | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Snacks | 10 | 6.2 | 5 | 9.8 | 5 | 4.6 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 4.1 | |||
Others | 10 | 6.2 | 3 | 5.9 | 7 | 6.4 | 6 | 6.9 | 4 | 5.5 | |||
Other reasons for visiting Tamu# | Cheap prices | 91 | 56.9 | 28 | 54.9 | 63 | 57.8 | 51 | 58.6 | 40 | 54.8 | ||
Lots of vegetables/fruits | 112 | 70.0 | 40 | 78.4 | 72 | 66.1 | 57 | 65.5 | 55 | 75.3 | |||
Local fruits and vegetables | 79 | 49.4 | 24 | 47.1 | 55 | 50.5 | 35 | 40.2 | 44 | 60.3 | |||
Meeting familiar people | 40 | 25.0 | 15 | 29.4 | 25 | 22.9 | 21 | 24.3 | 19 | 26 | |||
Can bargain | 38 | 23.8 | 12 | 23.5 | 26 | 23.9 | 15 | 17.2 | 23 | 31.5 | |||
Fresh | 78 | 48.8 | 25 | 49 | 53 | 48.6 | 32 | 36.8 | 46 | 63 | |||
Convenient | 73 | 45.6 | 23 | 45.1 | 50 | 45.9 | 26 | 29.9 | 47 | 64.4 | |||
Medicinal plants | 20 | 12.5 | 8 | 15.7 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12.6 | 9 | 12.3 | |||
Snacks | 75 | 46.9 | 25 | 49 | 50 | 45.9 | 26 | 41.4 | 39 | 53.4 | |||
Others | 7 | 4.4 | 3 | 5.9 | 4 | 3.7 | 5 | 5.7 | 2 | 2.7 | |||
Whom did you purchase from? | Regular vendor | 65 | 40.6 | 14 | 27.5 | 51 | 46.8 | 33 | 37.9 | 32 | 43.8 | ||
Whoever offers cheap prices | 27 | 16.9 | 11 | 21.5 | 16 | 14.7 | 0.066 | 16 | 18.4 | 11 | 15.1 | 0.718 | |
Any vendor offering clean and healthy product | 68 | 42.5 | 26 | 51 | 42 | 38.5 | 38 | 43.7 | 30 | 41.1 | |||
Do you visit Tamu with friends? | Yes | 22 | 13.8 | 8 | 15.7 | 14 | 12.9 | 9 | 10.3 | 13 | 17.8 | ||
Sometimes | 41 | 25.6 | 17 | 33.3 | 24 | 22 | 0.214 | 20 | 23 | 21 | 28.8 | 0.195 | |
No | 97 | 60.6 | 26 | 51 | 71 | 65.1 | 58 | 66.7 | 39 | 53.4 | |||
Have you made friends at the Tamu? | Yes | 97 | 60.6 | 28 | 54.9 | 69 | 63.3 | 0.401 | 61 | 70.1 | 36 | 49.3 | 0.012* |
No | 63 | 39.4 | 23 | 45.1 | 40 | 36.7 | 26 | 29.9 | 37 | 50.7 | |||
If yes, with whom did you make friends with? | Vendors | 84 | 86.6 | 28 | 100 | 56 | 81.2 | 53 | 86.9 | 31 | 86.1 | ||
Visitors | 32 | 33.0 | 10 | 35.7 | 22 | 31.9 | 17 | 27.9 | 15 | 41.7 | |||
Others | 4 | 4.1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5.8 | 3 | 4.9 | 1 | 2.8 | |||
Do you purchase groceries as a favour for your neighbour? | Yes, often | 23 | 14.4 | 8 | 15.7 | 15 | 13.8 | 15 | 17.2 | 8 | 11 | ||
Yes, sometimes | 48 | 30.0 | 17 | 33.3 | 31 | 28.4 | 0.72 | 28 | 32.2 | 20 | 27.4 | 0.322 | |
No | 89 | 55.6 | 26 | 51 | 63 | 57.8 | 44 | 50.6 | 45 | 61.6 | |||
Would you visit the Tamu even if you don't have a purchase to make? | Yes | 51 | 31.9 | 29 | 33.3 | 22 | 30.1 | 0.793 | |||||
No | 109 | 68.1 | 58 | 66.7 | 51 | 69.9 | |||||||
How often do you purchase from supermarket? | Regularly | 64 | 40.0 | 20 | 39.2 | 44 | 40.4 | 38 | 43.7 | 26 | 35.6 | ||
Yes, only if it is not available in Tamu | 28 | 17.5 | 6 | 11.8 | 22 | 20.2 | 0.457 | 15 | 17.2 | 13 | 17.8 | 0.573 | |
Rarely | 67 | 41.9 | 25 | 49 | 42 | 38.5 | 34 | 39.1 | 33 | 45.2 | |||
Never | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.4 | |||
Should every city have local markets? | Yes | 153 | 95.6 | 49 | 96 | 104 | 95.4 | 86 | 98.8 | 67 | 91.8 | ||
No | 4 | 2.5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2.8 | 1 | 1 | 1.2 | 3 | 4.1 | 0.081 | |
Do not know | 3 | 1.9 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4.1 | |||
Do you think there are groceries only in local market? | Yes | 81 | 50.6 | 26 | 51 | 55 | 50.5 | 1 | 53 | 60.9 | 28 | 38.4 | 0.007* |
No | 79 | 49.4 | 25 | 49 | 54 | 49.5 | 34 | 39.1 | 45 | 61.6 | |||
If yes, name some of these groceries | Local goods | 54 | 81.1 | 16 | 69.6 | 38 | 88.4 | 37 | 86 | 17 | 73.9 | ||
Traditional goods | 13 | 19.7 | 6 | 26.1 | 7 | 16.3 | 8 | 18.6 | 5 | 21.7 | |||
Traditional medicines | 6 | 9.1 | 4 | 17.4 | 2 | 4.7 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 13 | |||
Fish/seafood | 11 | 16.7 | 7 | 30.4 | 4 | 9.3 | 5 | 11.6 | 6 | 26.1 | |||
Live poultry | 3 | 4.5 | 2 | 8.7 | 1 | 2.3 | 2 | 4.7 | 1 | 4.3 | |||
Beverage | 2 | 3.0 | 1 | 4.3 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 4.3 | |||
Nuts and legumes | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | |||
Do you think there are groceries only in supermarket? | Yes | 86 | 53.8 | 23 | 45.1 | 63 | 57.8 | 0.183 | 53 | 60.9 | 33 | 45.2 | 0.068 |
No | 74 | 46.2 | 28 | 54.9 | 46 | 42.2 | 34 | 39.1 | 40 | 54.8 | |||
If yes, name some of these groceries | Imported goods | 33 | 47.1 | 9 | 50 | 24 | 46.2 | 20 | 48.8 | 13 | 44.8 | ||
Processed goods | 33 | 47.1 | 7 | 38.9 | 26 | 50 | 19 | 46.3 | 14 | 48.3 | |||
Poultry | 15 | 21.4 | 3 | 16.7 | 12 | 23.1 | 9 | 22.2 | 6 | 20.7 | |||
Local products | 2 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3.8 | 2 | 4.9 | 0 | 0 | |||
Grain products | 3 | 4.3 | 1 | 5.6 | 2 | 3.8 | 2 | 4.9 | 1 | 3.4 | |||
Meat | 9 | 12.9 | 2 | 11.1 | 7 | 13.5 | 6 | 14.6 | 3 | 10.3 | |||
Eggs | 1 | 1.4 | 1 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | |||
Condiments/seasoning/spices | 2 | 2.9 | 2 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4.9 | 0 | 0 | |||
Dairy products | 2 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3.8 | 1 | 2.5 | 1 | 3.4 | |||
Fish | 2 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3.8 | 1 | 2.5 | 1 | 3.4 | |||
Nuts/legumes/by-product | 1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.9 | 1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | |||
Gate where interview took place | West | 80 | 50.0 | 23 | 45.1 | 57 | 52.3 | 0.497 | 46 | 52.9 | 34 | 46.6 | 0.526 |
East | 80 | 50.0 | 28 | 54.9 | 52 | 47.7 | 41 | 47.1 | 39 | 53.4 |