Table 3 Use of plants for religious rituals in Ukrainian case study areas
Taxa/Voucher specimen | Local name/transcribed name format | Wild/Cultivated/Semi-cultivated | Plant part (s) used | Use | Holiday | Frequency of use in Bukovina, BN = 31 | Frequency of use in Roztochya, RN = 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acer spp. (Sapindaceae) SF019 | ясен, клен/ yasen, klen | W | Fresh branches | Decoration of entry doors, garages, gates and barns | Pentecost | 4 | 1 |
W | Whole young tree | Decoration of yards | Pentecost | ||||
Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) SF020 | деревій/ derevij | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost St. John’s Day | 1 | 1 |
Acorus calamus L. (Acoraceae) | шавар, май/shavar, maj | W | Aerial parts | Decoration of yards and roads | Pentecost | 4 | |
Alchemilla vulgaris aggr. (Rosaceae) | приворотень/pryvoroten | W | Leaves | Bouquets | Pentecost | 1 | |
Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) SF021, SF061 | часник, чеснок/chasnyk, chesnok | C | Aerial parts and tubers | Basket decoration | Easter | 9 | |
Bouquets | Feast of the Transfiguration | 13 | |||||
Anemone nemorosa L. (Ranunculaceae) | анемона біла/anemona bila | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Palm Sunday | 1 | |
Armoracia rusticana P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. SF008 (Brassicaceae) | Хрін, хрен, хреню hrin, hren, hrenyu | SC | Roots | Basket decoration | Easter | 19 | 13 |
Artemisia abaensis Y.R.Ling & S.Y.Zhao (Asteraceae) SF227 | полин, полинь, полин гіркий, полин трава/ polyn, polyn`, polyn girkyj, polyn trava | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Feast of the Transfiguration, Makoviya | 2 | |
Asarum europaeum L. (Aristolochiaceae) SF200 | копитняк/ kopytnyak | W | Leaves | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 5 | |
Beta vulgaris L.( Amaranthaceae) | буряк/buryak | С | Roots | Basket decoration | Easter | 1 | |
Betula spp. (Betulaceae) NB049 | береза/bereza | W | Fresh branches | Decoration of entry doors, garages and barns | Pentecost | 5 | 3 |
Whole young tree | Decoration of yards | Pentecost | |||||
Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae) SF023 | буршпан, гуршпан/ burshpan, gurshpan | C | Branches | Bouquets, basket decoration and candle decoration | Easter, Palm Sunday | 7 | |
Campanula spp. (Campanulaceae) | дзвоники/ dzvonyky | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost, Feast of the Transfiguration | 1 | 2 |
Centaurea spp. (Asteraceae) | васильки/vasyl`ky | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Feast of the Transfiguration | 1 | |
Cyanus segetum Hill (Asteraceae) | волошка/voloshka | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost | 1 | |
Dianthus barbatus L. (Caryophyllaceae) | гвоздика городня/gvozdyka gorodnya | C | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 1 | |
Dianthus spp. (Caryophyllaceae) | гвоздика/gvozdyka | C | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost | 3 | |
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Dryopteridaceae) SF036 | папороть/paporot` | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost | 1 | |
Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae) SF018 | ясінь/yasin’ | W | Aerial parts | Branches decoration of yards and homes | Pentecost | 2 | |
Fragaria × ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (Rosaceae) SF037 | полуниця/polunycya | C | Aerial parts and fruits | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 2 | |
Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) SF038 | суниця/sunycya | W | Aerial parts and fruits | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 4 | |
Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae) SF039 | плющ/plyushh | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 1 | |
Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) SF006 | горіх/gorih | C | Fruits | Table decorations | Christmas | 3 | 1 |
Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) SF024 | звіробій/zvirobij | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Saint John’s Day | 4 | |
Iris spp. (Iridaceae) | півники дикі/pivnyky dyki | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost | 1 | |
Leucanthemum spp. (Asteraceae) SF064 | ромашка/romashka | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost (R) Feast of the Transfiguration (B) | 1 | 4 |
Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae) SF040 | яблука/yabluka | C | Fruits | Basket filling, bouquets | Feast of the Transfiguration (B,R) | 10 | 12 |
Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) SF041 | румянок/rumyanok | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths Bouquets | Corpus Christi (R) St. John’s Day | 2 | 1 |
Mentha spp. (Lamiaceae) SF042 | мята/myata | C | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost | 4 | |
Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) | мірта/ mirta | C | Small branches | Basket decoration | Easter | 1 | |
Onopordum acanthium L.? Cirsium spp. | будак/budak, страхополох/strahopoloh, чортополох/chortopoloh | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Feast of the Transfiguration | 1 | 3 |
Paeonia spp. (Peoniaceae) SF063 | півонія/pivoniya | C | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost | 2 | |
Papaver spp. incl. Papaver rhoeas L., Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae) SF050 | мак/mak | W, C | Seedpods | Bouquets, basket filling | Feast of the Transfiguration (R,B) Easter (B) | 11 | 14 |
Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. (Polygonaceae) | ракові шийки/rakovi shyjky | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 1 | |
Picea abies L. (Pinaceae) SF043 | ялинка/yalynka | W | Whole young tree, branches | Home decoration | Christmas | 1 | 1 |
Polygonatum spp. (Asparagaceae) | купина / kupyna | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 1 | |
Prunus cerasifera L. (Rosaceae) SF013 | алича/alycha | C | Fruits | Basket filling | Feast of the Transfiguration | 1 | 1 |
Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosaceae) SF045 | черешня/chereshnya | C | Fruits | Basket filling | Feast of the Transfiguration | 1 | |
Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae) NB198 | вишня/vyshnya | C | Fruits | Basket filling | Feast of the Transfiguration | 1 | 3 |
Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae) | сливки/slyvky, сливи/slyvy | C | Fruits | Basket filling | Feast of the Transfiguration | 1 | 9 |
Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae) SF017 | грушки/grushky | C | Fruits | Basket filling | Feast of the Transfiguration | 1 | 10 |
Rosa spp. incl. Rosa rugosa L. (Rosaceae) | рожа/rozha | SC | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 5 | |
Rubus ideaus L. (Rosaceae) SF051 | малина/malyna | C | Fruits | Basket filling | Feast of Transfiguration | 2 | |
Salix spp. (Salicaceae) SF052, SF062 | верба, verba, баська, bas`ka, лоза, loza, шутка, shutka, бичка, bychka | W | Young branches | Bouquets, branches | Palm Sunday | 22 | 14 |
Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae) | хобза/hobza | W | Young branches | Decoration of yards | Pentecost | 1 | |
Scilla bifolia L. (Asparagaceae) | анемона голуба, anemona goluba, проліска/proliska | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Palm Sunday | 1 | |
Secale cereale L. (Poaceae) | жито/zhyto | C | Spikes | Bouquets | Christmas | 1 | 1 |
Sedum acre L. (Crassulaceae) | очиток/ochytok, розкідник/rozkidnyk | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 7 | |
Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) | жовтозілля/zhovtozillya | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 1 | |
Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) | помідори, томати/pomidory, tomaty | C | Fruits | Basket filling | Feast of the Transfiguration (L) | 1 | 2 |
Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae) NB190 | живокість/zhyvokist` | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 1 | |
Tagetes spp. (Asteraceae) | чорнобривці/chornobryvci | C | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Feast of the Transfiguration | 2 | |
Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) SF063 | дуб/dub | W | Fresh branches | Decoration of yards | Pentecost | 1 | |
Thymus spp. (Lamiaceae) NB186 | чебрець пахучий/ chebrecz` paxuchyj | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi, St. John’s Day | 1 | 1 |
Tilia spp. (Malvaceae) SF053 | липа/lypa | W | Fresh branches | Decoration of entry doors, garages and barns | Pentecost | 2 | 5 |
Tilia spp. (Malvaceae) SF053 Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae) | липа/lypa пшениця/pshenycya | W C | Whole young tree | Decoration of yards | Pentecost | 1 | 1 |
Spikes | Bouquets | ||||||
Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae) Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae) SF049 | пшениця/pshenycya чорниця/ chornycya | C W | Spikes Aerial parts with berries | Bouquets Wreaths | Makoveya | 12 | |
Corpus Christi | 2 | ||||||
Vinca minor L. (Apocynaceae) SF010 | барвінок/barvinok | W | Aerial parts | Wreaths | Corpus Christi | 10 | |
Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) SF001 | виноград/vynograd | C | Fruits | Basket filling | Feast of the Transfiguration | 5 | 5 |
Poaceae SF060 | злаки/ zlaky | C | Spikes | Bouquets, ‘Didukh’ | Christmas (B,R) | 2 | 4 |
Poaceae SF060 Haya | злаки/zlaky сіно/sino | C W | Spikes Aerial parts | Bouquets, ‘Didukh’ Table decorations | Makoveya (B,R) | 4 8 | |
Christmas (B,R) | 3 | ||||||
Herbsa | зілля / zillya | W | Aerial parts | Bouquets | Pentecost (R) St. John’s Day (B) | 8 | 5 |