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Table 3 Edible Species of the Study Area

From: Traditional food plants of the upper Aswa River catchment of northern Uganda—a cultural crossroads

Family Genus

Species

Authority

Herbarium voucher number(s)

Plant form

Part consumed

RI

Seasonal availability

Vernacular Lango

name Acholi

Ateso

Thur

Acanthaceae

Asystacia

gangetica

(L.) T.Anderson

SA39,103,130,197,291,467, 520

forb

leaf

0.34

mar-nov

Aconge, Aconge Wang-Gweno

Acwe

Ecoto

 

Justicia

exigua

S. Moore

SA102

forb

leaf

0.11

mar-aug

   

Akweny-Akweny

Amaranthaceae

Achyranthes

aspera

L.

SA92,117,324,500,561

forb

leaf

0.34

jan-dec

Kalamata

Ato Ite Oryang

  

Amaranthus

caudatus

L.

SA364

forb

leaf

0.11

mar-dec

Ocobo

   

Amaranthus

graecizans

L.

SA38,123,170

forb

leaf

0.19

mar-nov

Ocobo-Lango, Boyo

Boo

Eboo, Ekiliton

 

Celosia

trigyna

L.

SA131

forb

leaf

0.11

apr-jun

  

Akelio, Ekiliton

 

Anacardiaceae

Sclerocarya

birrea

(A.Rich.) Hochst.

SA152,303,383;LA19,CE29, PO21

tree

seed

0.52

mar-aug

Ijakait

Titigo

Ejikai

Thibo

Searsia

pyroides

(Burch.) Moffett

SA53,124,134,218,264,496; DN414

tree

fruit

0.48

jun-aug

Awaya, Awaca

Awaca

Epwatet, Ewayo

Oyukwere

Searsia

natalensis

(Bernh. ex C.Krauss) F.A.Barkley

SA6,265,394;LA14,DN398

shrub

fruit

0.48

feb-mar

 

Rwa-rwa

Ewayo

Ozokwere

Annonaceae

Annona

senegalensis

Pers.

SA21,120,137,191,223,259, 407,450;LA9,CE9,DN418

tree

fruit

0.89

apr-jul

Obwolo

Obwolo, Obolo

Ebwolo

Obwolo

Apocynaceae

Carissa

spinarum

L.

SA12,96,138,187,210,247, 461;DN428

shrub

fruit

0.52

jan-mar

Acuga

Acuga

Emuriei, Emuriet

Achuga

Pergularia

daemia

(Forssk.) Chiov.

SA91,429

forb

leaf

0.15

mar-aug

   

Okuru

Saba

comorensis

(Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon

SA25,125,188,254;LA30, DN480

vine

fruit

0.45

jun-sep

Komo

Pwomo

Emago

 

Arecaceae

Borassus

aethiopum

Mart.

SA442,547;PO35

tree

fruit

0.33

oct-dec

Tugo

Tugu

Eduku

Tugo

     

shoot

 

apr-jun

    

Phoenix

reclinata

Jacq.

SA221,DN441

tree

fruit

0.29

feb-apr

Otit, Tit

Otit

Esasa

 

Asparagaceae

Chlorophytum

sp.

 

SA321

shrub

tuber

0.11

oct-dec

    

Cleomaceae

Cleome

gynandra

L.

SA8,44,89,115,127,204,405

forb

leaf

0.41

mar-oct

Akeo

Akeo

Ecadoi

 

Cleome

monophylla

L.

SA104,541

forb

leaf

0.15

mar-aug

   

Akeo-Jok

Commelinaceae

Aneilema

spekei

C.B.Clarke

SA147

forb

leaf

0.11

mar-sep

Odipa Ikong

 

Ekoropot

 

Commelina

africana

L.

SA90,464

forb

leaf

0.26

mar-aug

Ototo

 

Ekoropot

Othoto

Compositae

Aspilia

pluriseta

Schweinf. ex Schweinf.

SA403

forb

seed

0.11

sep-dec

   

Obongno

Bidens

pilosa

L.

SA106

forb

leaf

0.11

mar-nov

   

Kamalara

     

seed

 

oct-dec

    

Bidens

sp.

 

SA435

forb

leaf

0.11

mar-jun

   

Okarama

Crassocephalum

vitellinum

(Benth.) S.Moore

SA40,SA293

forb

leaf

0.15

mar-dec

Apuruku

   

Schkuhria

pinnata

(Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell.

SA169,481

forb

leaf

0.22

apr - dec

  

Kilorokwin

 

Cucurbitaceae

Cucumis

aculeatus

Cogn.

SA28,50,129,225

creeper

fruit, seed

0.23

sep-dec

Okwer

Okwer

Akobokobo

 

Cucumis

ficifolius

A.Rich.

SA422

creeper

seed

0.11

nov-dec

   

Okwer-Gwok

Curcurbita

pepo

L.

SA29,190

creeper

leaf, fruit, seed

0.15

nov-dec

Okono

   

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea

alata

L.

SA43,184,226,255

creeper

tuber

0.23

jan-feb

Obato

Obato

  

Dioscorea

bulbifera

L.

SA192,228,262

creeper

bulbil

0.19

nov-dec

Ogoko

Okoo

  

Ebenaceae

Diospyros

mespiliformis

Hochst. ex A.DC.

SA13,110,207,288,408,554, 555;CE16,PO36

tree

fruit

0.49

may-sep

Ikum

Cumu

Ekum

 

Euphorbiaceae

Acalypha

crenata

Hochst. ex A.Rich.

SA58,111

forb

leaf

0.15

mar-aug

Ayuu

   

Hypoxidaceae

Hypoxis

angustifolia

Lam.

SA57

forb

seed

0.11

mar-aug

Ocutu

   

Lamiaceae

Hoslundia

opposita

Vahl

SA7,141,206,211,276,549

shrub

fruit

0.37

aug-nov

Apurumur, Edudu

Tutu

Etapukon

 

Hyptis

spicigera

Lam.

SA74,201,230,289

forb

seed

0.30

nov-dec

Amola

Lamola

  

Leonotis

nepetifolia

(L.) R.Br.

SA182,273,400

forb

nectar

0.26

mar-dec

 

Nyamtigo

Ecika

Chukuchuku

Vitex

doniana

Sweet

SA1,49,185,263,459;CE1,DN401

tree

fruit

0.63

nov-dec

Owelo

Oywelo

Ekarukei

Welo

Vitex

madiensis

Oliv.

SA133,557;PO5

tree

fruit

0.40

nov-dec

 

Oyelo

Ekarukei

 

Leguminosae

Bauhinia

thonningii

Schum.

SA155,301,340,460;LA24, DN396

tree

fruit

0.73

dec

Ogali

Ogali

Epapai

 

Crotalaria

ochroleuca

G.Don

SA62,94,231,286,433

forb

leaf

0.26

mar-dec

Ajalu

Lala

  

Tamarindus

indica

L.

SA5,99,156,232,406,451;LA20,32;CE12,DN421

tree

leaf

0.81

mar-aug

Cwao

Cwaa

Epeduru

 
     

fruit

 

nov-dec

    

Vigna

subterranea

(L.) Verdc.

SA33,54,78,250,456,482

forb

seed

0.30

oct-dec

Kali, Dokolo

Kali, Adyel-Adyel

Adokolet

 

Loganiaceae

Strychnos

innocua

Delile

SA20,139,159,236,S93,564; CE22,DN430

tree

fruit

0.59

apr-sep

Akwalwakwala

Alingkwalo, Lakwalo kwalo

Eturukuku, Eturugugut

Okuakwala

Strychnos

sp.

 

SA95,431,453

tree

fruit

0.33

oct-dec

   

Okwakwalo

Malvaceae

Corchorus

olitorius

L.

SA148

forb

leaf

0.11

mar-sep

Otigo-Agywa

 

Atigo

 

Corchorus

sp.

 

SA10, SA47

forb

leaf

0.15

mar - nov

Otigo agwya

Otigo-Apapal

  

Corchorus

trilocularis

L.

SA189

forb

leaf

0.11

mar-dec

Otigo

Otigo-lum

  

Grewia

arborea

(Forssk.) Lam.

SA359,PO34

tree

fruit

0.29

jan-mar

Amoni

   

Grewia

mollis

Juss.

SA22,75,121,140,194,237, 390,454;LA1,CE21,DN437

tree

fruit

0.85

aug-oct

Opobo

Pogo

Eparis

Opobo

Grewia

villosa

Willd.

SA19,81,268,566

tree

fruit

0.30

aug-nov

 

Olukuru

 

Okura

Hibiscus

cannabinus

L.

SA128,195,285,426

forb

leaf

0.23

mar-nov

Amalakwang

 

Emalakany

 
     

seed

 

oct-dec

    

Hibiscus

sp.

 

SA69,113

forb

leaf

0.15

mar-nov

Amalakwang-Toke

   
     

seed

 

oct-dec

    

Menispermaceae

Cissampelos

mucronata

A.Rich.

SA438

creeper

tuber

0.11

dec-jan

 

Aboce

  

Moraceae

Ficus

dicranostyla

Mildbr.

SA16,80,449,553,563;PO24

tree

leaf

0.45

mar-may

Ebu

Bito, Owii

Ebule

Owii

     

fruit

 

jun-aug

    

Ficus

glumosa

Delile

SA3,180,209,389,516;LA4, CE4,DN386

tree

seed

0.81

apr-jun

Okworo

Kworo

Ebiyong

Kworo

Ficus

mucuso

Welw. ex Ficalho

SA77,DN389

tree

fruit

0.29

nov-dec

Ibule

   

Ficus

natalensis

Hochst.

SA261,LA7

tree

fruit

0.22

mar-jun

 

Kituba

  

Ficus

sur

Forssk.

SA4,48,122,193,260,280; CE62,DN469

tree

fruit

0.59

apr-jun

Oduru

Oduru

Edulo, Edurokoi

Oduru

Ficus

sycomorus

L.

SA2,448,479;LA12,DN394

tree

fruit

0.55

apr-aug

  

Ecalawinyo, Emidit

Atielowinyo

Ficus

thonningii

Blume

SA112,158,392,517;LA8, CE25,60;DN420

tree

fruit

0.74

jun-aug

Ibule

Pwoo

Ebule

 

Ficus

vasta

Forssk.

SA32,222,346;LA5,CE24

tree

fruit

0.69

apr-jun

 

Olam

Eborboriei

 

Myrtaceae

Syzygium

guineense

(Willd.) DC.

SA154,229,361;CE30,DN417

tree

fruit

0.41

mar-jun

Akalacer, Kano

 

Elecer

 

Olacaceae

Ximenia

americana

L.

SA17,60,86,119,235,272;CE6

tree

fruit

0.48

apr-aug

Olimo

Lalilimo, Olelemo

Ailama

Alimo

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis

corniculata

L.

SA45

forb

leaf

0.18

mar-aug

Yat Leny

   

Pedaliaceae

Ceratotheca

sesamoides

Endl.

SA68,227,287

forb

seed

0.19

nov-dec

Alodi

   

Sesamum

calycinum subsp. angustifolium

(Oliv.) Ihlenf. & Seidenst.

SA478

forb

seed

0.11

nov-dec

Otigo-Anino

Otigo Nino

Emalerait

 

Antidesma

venosum

E.Mey. ex Tul.

SA52,283

shrub

fruit

0.19

aug-nov

Odugu-Kulo

   

Bridelia

micrantha

(Hochst.) Baill.

DN438

tree

fruit

0.25

may-jun

Orweco

   

Bridelia

scleroneura

Müll.Arg.

SA24,76,109,136,183,245,402, 458,484.548;DN395, CE19, LA17

tree

fruit

0.93

aug-nov

Orweco

Larweco

Erweco

 

Poaceae

Dactyloctenium

aegyptium

(L.) Willd.

SA344,434

grass

seed

0.15

oct-nov

  

Ewuduwudu

Achele

Pennisetum

glaucum

(L.) R.Br.

SA37

grass

seed

0.11

aug-dec

 

Raa

  

Polygalaceae

Securidaca

longipedunculata

Fresen.

SA31,330,353,417,495,552; CE48,PO31

tree

leaf

0.59

jan-dec

Ilila

Odyer

Ediol

Lilia

Oxygonum

sinuatum

(Hochst. & Steud ex Meisn.) Dammer

SA83,SA143,SA421

vine

leaf

0.19

mar-sep

   

Agwata-Remo

Rhamnaceae

Ziziphus

mucronata

Willd.

SA35,398

tree

fruit

0.22

jan-dec

   

Langu

Rubiaceae

Fadogia

glaberrima

Welw. ex Hiern

SA51,212,573

shrub

fruit

0.19

may-aug

Acetdyel

   

Gardenia

ternifolia

Schumach. & Thonn.

SA271,477;LA2,CE50,PO14

tree

fruit

0.48

feb-mar

 

Odwong

Ekoroi

 

Sarcocephalus

latifolius

(Sm.) E.A.Bruce

SA15,246,282,354,375,462; CE65,DN452

tree

fruit

0.74

nov-dec

Ibele

Oculup

Eutudolei

 

Vangueria

apiculata

K.Schum.

SA84,101,224,395,585;PO27

shrub

fruit

0.37

mar-nov

Amalera

Adengonye

Emalere, Elepulepu

Omorokodo, Polere

Salicaceae

Flacourtia

indica

(Burm.f.) Merr.

SA67,284

tree

fruit

0.22

mar-aug

Yat Dago, Kokowi

   

Oncoba

spinosa

Forssk.

PO8,23

shrub

fruit

0.29

nov-jan

Ideloro

   

Sapotaceae

Vitellaria

paradoxa subsp. nilotica

(Kotschy) A.N.Henry, Chithra & N.C.Nair

SA23,42,200,258

tree

fruit

0.44

apr-jul

Yao

Yaa

Ekunguru

Yao

     

oil

 

oct-mar

    

Solanaceae

Physalis

minima

L.

SA126,135,249,485,580

forb

fruit

0.34

aug-nov

Kongo Ogwal-Ogwal

Kongo Ogwal

Etagoli

 

Solanum

nigrum

L.

SA11,118,198

forb

leaf

0.19

jun-nov

Ocuga

Ocuga, Ocugocuga

  
     

fruit

 

oct-dev

    

Vitaceae

Ampelocissus

africana

(Lour.) Merr.

SA14,186,233,457,562

creeper

fruit

0.26

sep-nov

Olok

Olok

  

Cyphostemma

adenocaule

(Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.

SA18,142,144,256,427,436, 514,558

creeper

leaf

0.45

mar-dec

 

Anunu

Emoros

Anunu

Zingiberaceae

Aframomum

alboviolaceum

(Ridl.) K.Schum.

SA161,205,339,515

forb

fruit

0.23

nov-dec

Ocao

 

Acawoit

 

Aframomum

sanguineum

(K.Schum.) K.Schum.

SA455

forb

fruit

0.11

nov-dec

 

Ocao

  

Zygophyllaceae

Balanites

aegyptiaca

(L.) Delile

SA36,82,162,384,545;CE13

tree

leaf, fruit, seed

0.45

apr-nov

Too

Too

Ecomai

Thoo