Table 3 Medicinal plants recorded with scientific name, habit, parts used, mode of use, frequency of citations (FC), and relative frequency of citation (RFC)

Acanthaceae

Justicia adhatoda L.

Malabar nut

Asuro

Shrub

Leaves

Raw, powder

11

0.014

KATH-01

Amaryllidaceae

Allium cepa L.

Onion

Pyaj

Herb

Rhizome

Raw, boil with water

20

0.026

KATH-02

Amaryllidaceae

Allium hypsistum Stearn

Nepali aromatic leaf garlic

Jimbu

Herb

Leaves

Powder

1

0.001

KATH-03

Amaryllidaceae

Allium sativum L.

Garlic

Lasun

Herb

Bulb

Dried, boil with water

217

0.280

KATH-04

Amaryllidaceae

Crinum latifolium L.

Milk and wine lily

Sudarsana

Herb

Root, leaves

Dry powder

3

0.004

KATH-05

Apiaceae

Carum carvi L.

Caraway

Kalo jira

Herb

Seed

Raw

2

0.003

KATH-06

Apiaceae

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

Water pennywort

Ghod tapre

Herb

Rhizome

Raw

3

0.004

KATH-07

Apiaceae

Coriandrum sativum L.

Coriander

Dhaniya

Herb

Seed, leaves

Boil with water, powder

7

0.009

KATH-08

Apiaceae

Cuminum cyminum L.

Cumin

Jira

Herb

Seed

Raw

13

0.017

KATH-09

Apiaceae

Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Foeniculum fennel

Madhesi souf

Herb

Root, seed

Raw, boil with water, powder

3

0.004

KATH-10

Apiaceae

Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague

Ajowan lovage

Jawano

Herb

Seed

Dry powder, boil with water

17

0.022

KATH-11

Asteraceae

Artemisia indica Wild.

Mugwort/Indianworm/wood fleabane

Titepati

Herb

Leaves

Powder

1

0.001

KATH-12

Araceae

Acorus calamus L.

Sweet flag

Bojho

Herb

Rhizome

Raw

17

0.022

KATH-13

Asphodelaceae

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.

Indian aloe

Ghiu kumari

Herb

Whole plant

Raw paste with water

15

0.019

KATH-14

Cannabaceae

Cannabis sativa L.

True hemp/Indian hemp/marihuana

Ganja

Herb

Leaves

Raw, powder, boil with water

5

0.006

KATH-15

Caricaceae

Carica papaya L.

Papaya

Meva

Shrub

Fruit

Powder drink with water or milk, dry, boil with water

1

0.001

KATH-16

Combretaceae

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Bastard myrobalan

Barro

Tree

Fruit

powder

5

0.006

KATH-17

Combretaceae.

Terminalia chebula Retz.

Chebulie myrobalan/yellow myrobalan

Harro

Tree

Fruit, bark

Powder, boil with water

18

0.023

KATH-18

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia hirta L.

Snake weed/asthma weed

Dudhi jhar

Herb

Leaves

Dried, soaked

1

0.001

KATH-19

Fabaceae

Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Licorice

Mulethi

Herb

Root, rhizome

Raw paste

1

0.001

KATH-20

Fabaceae

Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Fenugreek leaf

Methi

Herb

Seed, leaves

Raw, fresh, paste

6

0.008

KATH-21

Gentianaceae

Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex fleming) Karsten

Chiretta

Chiraito

Herb

Whole plant

Raw, paste, powder, boil with water

2

0.003

KATH-22

Lamiaceae

Mentha arvensis L.

Pepper mint/field mint

Pudina

Herb

Whole plant

Powder, boil with water, paste

37

0.048

KATH-23

Lamiaceae

Mentha piperita L.

Peppermint

Babri

Herb

Seed

Dried, boil powder with water or milk,

2

0.003

KATH-24

Lamiaceae

Ocimum basilicum L.

Basil

Tulasi

Herb

Leaves, seed

Dried, boil with water or milk

142

0.183

KATH-25

Lamiaceae

Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.

Rosemary

Dauni

Herb

Flower

Boil, paste

2

0.003

KATH-26

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn.

Cinnamon bark

Dalchini

Tree

Bark

Boil with water, powder

23

0.030

KATH-27

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Ness & Eberm

Cinnamon leaf

Tej pat

Tree

Leaves

Paste, raw

1

0.001

KATH-28

Marantaceae

Maranta dichotoma (Roxb.) Wall.

Cool mat

Shital pati

Herb

Leaves

Dried, raw

4

0.005

KATH-29

Melanthiaceae

Paris polyphylla Sm.

Love apple

Satuwa

Herb

Rhizome

Powder, paste

1

0.001

KATH-30

Meliaceae

Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Neem tree

Nim

Tree

Leaves, bark

Boil with water, dried

73

0.094

KATH-31

Menispermaceae

Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers.

Gulancha tinospara

Gurjo

Climber

Stem

Boil with water or milk

74

0.096

KATH-32

Moraceae

Ficus religiosa L.

Peepal tree

Pipal

Tree

Leaves

Raw

2

0.003

KATH-33

Myrtaceae

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.& L.M. Perry

Clove

Lwang

Tree

Flower

Raw, paste

12

0.016

KATH-34

Myrtaceae

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Java plum

Jamun

Tree

Fruit, leaves

Raw

2

0.003

KATH-35

Myrtaceae

Psidium guajava L.

Guava

Amba

Tree

Leaves

Powder boil with water or milk

3

0.004

KATH-36

Myristicaceae

Myristica fragrans Houtt.

Nutmegs

Jayaphal

Tree

Seed

Raw

2

0.003

KATH-37

Oleaceae

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Night jasmine/coral jasmine

Parijaat

Tree

Leaves

Paste

4

0.005

KATH-38

Orchidaceae

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó

Orchid

Panc aunle

Herb

Tuber, root

Powder, paste

2

0.003

KATH-39

Oxalidaceae

Averrhoa carambola L.

Star fruit

Kantara

Tree

Fruit

Powder, boil with water or milk

1

0.001

KATH-40

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis corymbosa DC.

Pink wood sorrel

Cariamilo

Herb

Leaves

Raw

1

0.001

KATH-41

Pedaliaceae

Sesamum indicum L.

Sesame

Til

Herb

Seed

Raw, juice

1

0.001

KATH-42

Piperaceae

Piper nigrum L.

Black pepper

Marich

Climber

Fruit

Boil with water

15

0.019

KATH-43

Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthus emblica L.

Emblic myrobalan

Amala

Tree

Fruit

Paste, soaked

23

0.030

KATH-44

Plantaginaceae

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Edwall (L.) Wettst.

Thyme leaved graticula

Brahmi

Climber

Whole plant

Raw, paste, dried, soaked

1

0.001

KATH-45

Poaceae

Cymbopogon citrates (DC.) Stap.f.

Lemon grass

Pirhe ghans

Herb

Whole plant

Raw boil with water

4

0.005

KATH-46

Ranunculaceae

Delphinium denudatum Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson

Jadwar

Nirbisi

Herb

Root

Dried,boil with water

1

0.001

KATH-47

Rosaceae

Potentilla fulgens Wall. Ex Hook.

Himalayan cinquefoil

Bajradanti

Herb

Root

Raw

1

0.001

KATH-48

Rosaceae

Rosa alba L.

Rose

Gulaph

Shrub

Petals

Raw, dried

2

0.003

KATH-49

Rutaceae

Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.

Bael fruit

Bel

Tree

Leaves, bark, root, fruit, seed

Boil with water

1

0.001

KATH-50

Rutaceae

Citrus aurantifolia (Christ.) Swingle

Lime/lemon

Kagati

Tree

Fruit

Raw, juice, boil with water

116

0.150

KATH-51

Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

Nepal pepper/prickly ash

Timur

Shrub

Fruit

Raw

13

0.017

KATH-52

Solanaceae

Capsicum annuum L.

Capsicum chilly

Khursani

Shrub

Fruit

Raw mixed with vegetable

2

0.003

KATH-53

Solanaceae

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Winter cherry

Ashvagandha

Shrub

Root, seed, leaves

Boil with water, powder, paste

1

0.001

KATH-54

Theaceae

Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze

Tea

Chiya

Shrub

Leaves

Paste, raw boil with water

2

0.003

KATH-55

Vitaceae

Vitis vinifera L.

Vine grape

Dakh

Climber

Fruits

Raw

1

0.001

KATH-56

Zingiberaceae

Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.

Turmeric

Besar/Haledo

Herb

Rhizome

Boil with water or milk, raw, powder taken with water or milk

264

0.341

KATH-57

Zingiberaceae

Amomum aromaticum Roxb.

Black cardamom/Nepal cardamon

Alainchi

Herb

Fruits

Boil with water or milk, powder boil with water or milk

4

0.005

KATH-58

Zingiberaceae

Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton

Cardamon fruit

Sukumel

Herb

Seed

Boil with water, powder taken with water or milk

1

0.001

KATH-59

Zingiberaceae

Zingiber officinale Rosc.

Ginger

Aduwa

Herb

Rhizome

Boil with water, paste, powder

308

0.398

KATH-60