Fungal ethnoecology: observed habitat preferences and the perception of changes in fungal abundance by mushroom collectors in Poland

Kotowski, Marcin Andrzej; Molnár, Zsolt; Łuczaj, Łukasz

doi:10.1186/s13002-021-00456-x

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 3 Habitat preferences and abundance changes of selected fungal taxa.

From: Fungal ethnoecology: observed habitat preferences and the perception of changes in fungal abundance by mushroom collectors in Poland

Species	Habitat	Habitat (n)	Abundance changes
Species	Habitat	Habitat (n)	Increase (n)	Increase cause	Decrease (n)	Decrease cause
Macromycetes general	Table 1	Table 1	1	Imprecise	186	Drought
					60	Imprecise
					30	Forest management
					21	Climate changes
					19	Antropopression (general)
					16	Pollution
					11	Habitat overgrowing
					10	Mycelium/litter damage
					3	Boars
					3	Grazing abandonment
					3	Low night temperatures
					2	Incorrect collection
					2	Urbanization
					2	Increased pest activities
					1	Logging
					1	Unraked litter
					1	High night temperatures
Agaricus campestris s.l.	Meadow	104	0	None	12	Grazing abandonment
	Field	31
	Cows/horses	31
	Other	29
Amanita vaginata	Various habitats	6	0	None	1	Forest management
	Mixed forest	5
	Coniferous forest	3
	Other	5
Armillaria mellea s.l.	Tree stumps	100	0	None	2	Imprecise
	Old/tall forest	20
	Clearcut area	18
	Pine	17
	Young/small forest	16
	Deciduous forest	12
	Dead wood	12
	Humid ground	10
	Oak	9
	Alder	7
	Other	61
Boletus edulis s.l.	Oak	194	0	None	9	Imprecise
	Pine	158			6	Drought
	Mixed forest	102			2	Pollution
	Birch	90			1	Antropopression (general)
	Coniferous forest	32			1	Forest management
	Forest edge	30
	Deciduous forest	26
	Old/tall forest	26
	Other	189
Boletus reticulatus	Oak	13	0	None	0	None
	Sandy ground	5
	Birch	3
	Mixed forest	2
	Other	4
Boletus subtomentosus s.l.	Mixed forest	27	0	None	1	Imprecise
	Pine	15
	Various habitats	14
	Birch	9
	Moss	5
	Forest edge	4
	Grasses	4
	Other	42
Cantharellus cibarius s.l.	Mixed forest	106	0	None	13	Imprecise
	Pine	99			5	Drought
	Birch	64
	Oak	43
	Moss	37
	Sandy ground	35
	Coniferous forest	32
	Deciduous forest	20
	Various habitats	20
	Other	127
Cortinarius caperatus	Pine	32	0	None	2	Drought
	Moss	20			1	Forest management
	Mixed forest	16			1	Imprecise
	Coniferous needles	16
	Old/tall forest	12
	Birch	8
	Sunny areas	8
	Clear/transparent forest	8
	Other	52
Craterellus cornucopoides	Pine	4	0	None	2	Imprecise
	Oak	4
	Mixed forest	2
Gyromitra esculenta	Pine	10	0	None	0	None
	Forest plantation	8
	Young/small forest	5
	Clearcut area	4
	Sandy ground	3
	Mixed forest	2
	Firebreaks	2
	Other	6
Gyroporus cyanescens	Sandy ground	21	0	None	2	Imprecise
	Pine	7
	Roadside	6
	Oak	4
	Yard	4
	Forest edge	3
	Young/small forest	3
	Juniperus spp.	2
	Moss	2
	Other	2
Hygrophorus hypothejus	Pine	9	0	None	0	None
	Coniferous forest	3
	Young/small forest	3
	Moss	2
	‘Man's forest’	2
	Other	6
Imleria badia	Pine	200	15	Imprecise	2	Imprecise
	Mixed forest	82
	Moss	61
	Coniferous forest	51
	Various habitats	20
	Other	163
Lactarius deliciosus s.l.	Grasses	29	0	None	16	Drought
	Pine	24			8	Imprecise
	Forest edge	15			2	Forest management
	Meadow	15			1	Pollution
	Mixed forest	14
	Trenches/depressions	14
	Coniferous forest	12
	Spruce	10
	Oak	7
	Moss	7
	Humid ground	7
	Other	50
Leccinum aurantiacum s.l.	Birch	175	0	None	3	Drought
	Aspen	69			1	Pollution
	Mixed forest	33
	Deciduous forest	26
	Alder	15
	Other	121
Leccinum pseudoscabrum	Hornbeam	7	0		3	Imprecise
	Old/tall forest	4
	Humid ground	2
	Bog	2
	Birch	2
	Other	3
Leccinum scabrum	Birch	195	0	None	1	Imprecise
	Mixed forest	38			1	Drought
	Grass	16
	Pine	14
	Various habitats	14
	Other	97
Leccinum spp.	Birch	137	0	None	2	Drought
	Mixed forest	29
	Oak	14
	Pine	11
	Other	99
Macrolepiota procera	Meadow	78	0	None	1	Imprecise
	Forest edge	50
	Field	36
	Mixed forest	33
	Various habitats	19
	Open area	16
	Grasses	13
	Roadsides	12
	Pine	11
	Fallow	10
	Other	91
Marasmius oreades	Roadside	16	0	None	2	Grazing abandonment
	Cows/horses	13
	Yard	7
	Meadow	4
	Trenches/depressions	2
	Other	8
Morchella esculenta s.l.	Pine	5	0	None	2	Habitat overgrowing
	Clear-cut area	3
	Fallen bark	3
	Oak	2
	Mixed forest	2
	Moss	2
	Other	4
Paxillus involutus s.l.	Mixed forest	20	0	None	4	Drought
	Various habitat	12			1	imprecise
	Pine	7
	Deciduous forest	4
	Other	15
Pleurotus ostreatus	Mixed forest	2	0	None	0	None
	Dead wood	2
	Clear-cut area	2
	Other	4
Russula aeruginea s.l.	Mixed forest	13	0	None	2	Imprecise
	Various habitats	9			1	Drought
	Birch	7
	Coniferous forest	4
	Pine	3
	Forest edge	2
	Grass	2
	Other	7
Russula integra s.l.	Birch	3	0	None	0	None
	Coniferous forest	2
	Various habitats	2
	Mixed forest	2
	Other	2
Russula virescens	Birch	4	0	None	2	Imprecise
	Various habitats	2
	Other	4
Russula spp.	Mixed forest	22	0	None	2	Drought
	Various habitats	11			1	Antropopression (general)
	Pine	4			1	Imprecise
	Birch	4
	Coniferous forest	3
	Deciduous forest	3
	Oak	3
	Grasses	3
	Other	10
Sarcodon squamosus	Pine	14	0	None	2	Drought
	Coniferous forest	8			2	Forest management
	Old/tall forest	8			1	Imprecise
	Elevations/hillocs	5
	Mixed forest	3
	Other	3
Suillus bovinus	Pine	15	0	None	1	Drought
	Various habitats	7			1	Imprecise
	Mixed forest	4
	Young/small forest	4
	Forest edge	3
	Elevations/hillocks	3
	Grasses	3
	Coniferous forest	2
	Moss	2
	Blackberries	2
	Humid ground	2
	Boar rooting	2
	Other	6
Suillus grevillei	Larch	12	0	None	0	None
Suillus grevillei	Other	1
Suillus luteus s.l.	Pine	239	0	None	5	Imprecise
	Young/small forest	204			3	Drought
	Coniferous forest	78			2	Antropopression (general)
	Grasses	20
	Thickets	19
	Other	112
Suillus variegatus	Pine	19	0	None	1	Imprecise
	Humid ground	7
	Young/small forest	7
	Mixed forest	5
	Coniferous forest	4
	Moss	4
	Deciduous forest	2
	Juniper	2
	Elevations/hillocks	2
	Grasses	2
	Blueberries	2
	Clear/transparent forest	2
	Trenches/depressions	2
	Other	10
Tricholoma equestre	Sandy ground	82	0	None	5	Imprecise
	Pine	78			2	Antropopression (general)
	Elevations/hillocks	47			1	Habitat overgrowing
	Coniferous forest	21
	Young/small forest	20
	Moss	19
	Mixed forest	12
	Other	61
Tricholoma portentosum	Sandy ground	77	0	None	1	Antropopression (general)
	Pine	62			1	Drought
	Elevations/hillocks	43			2	Imprecise
	Coniferous forest	23
	Moss	18
	Young/small forest	18
	Mixed forest	10
	Roadside	10
	Other	54
Tricholoma spp.	Pine	124	0	None	10	Imprecise
	Sandy ground	118			8	Drought
	Elevations/hillocks	54
	Coniferous forest	33
	Mixed forest	28
	Young/small forest	28
	Moss	24
	Other	79

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