Table 4 D. Magic and witchcraft: D1. Black magic, sorcery, witchcraft; D2. Evil supernatural agents—Satan, devil, genie, monster, dragon; D3. White magic, good luck, talisman, dolls

D1

Dutch

toverwortel, tooverwortel

[“magic root”]

[146: 940]; [158: 255]; [159: 333]; [28: 71]; [105: 35]

Dutch

heksenkruid

[“witches’ herb”]

[146: 940]; [105: 35]

Dutch

heksen loverwortel

[“witches’ love root”]

[28: 71]; [31: 45]

English

sorcerer’s root

[12: 166]; [109: 70]

English

enchanter’s nightshade

[54: 354]

English

witches’ herb

[149: 316]

Estonian

nöiajuua

[“magic root”]

Dainius Razauskas (Pers. Com.12.3.19)

French

herbe aux, magicien, herbe des magiciens

[“magician’s plant”]

[160: 91]; [28: 71]; [31: 43]; [29: 336]

German

hexenkraut

[“witches’ herb”]

[83: 258]; [119: 137]; [28: 71]

German

zauberwurzel, zauberwurz

[“magic root”]

[75: 229]; [134, III: 53]; [31: 42]; [30: 335]; [114: 15]; [28: 71]; [80: 19]

Hungarian

varázsgyökér

[“magic/miracle root”]

[161: 151]

Serbo-Croatian

[skocelj / skočac]

Cкoцeљ / Cкoчaц

The word “skakati” means jump, leap. Probably related to beliefs in a very “alive,” restless, and troublous root, especially when pulled out from the soil / of “skocelj”; “skočac” means one who jumps

[71: 20]

Russian

[koldunova trava]

кoльдyнoвa тpaвa

[“sorcerer’s herb”]

[83: 259]; [162: 1129]

D2

Arabic

[bēḍ el-ġūl]

بيض الغول

[“monster’s eggs”]

[163: 34] (North Africa); [129: 167]; [92: 26]; AGK pers. obs. (Palestine)

Arabic

[beiḍ el- ğinn]

بيض الجنّ

[“genie’s eggs”]

[164: 114]; [165, II: 261] (Palestine)

Arabic

[bayḍ al- ġūl, bayḍ el- ġūl]

بيض الغول

[“Goula’s (witches’) eggs”]

[166: 47] (Morocco)

Arabic

[xawx el- ğinn]

خوخ الجنّ

[“the Jin's Peach”]

[167] (Lebanon)

Arabic

[luffāḥ el- ğinn]

لفّاح الجنّ

[“the burning (or

emitting a good odor) fruit of the Genie”]

[129: 167]; [92: 26] (North Africa)

Arabic

[tuffāḥ il-mağal]

تفّاح المَجَل

Probably derivative

of Tuffāḥ il Mağann

[168, I: 250] (Palestine, Gaza area)

Arabic

[tuffāḥ il- ġūla]

تفّاح الغولة

[“Goula’s apple”]

[163: 34] (Morocco)

Arabic

[tuffāḥ al- ğinn,

Spelling variants:

tuffāḥ al-mağânîn, tuffāḥ al-mağan,

tuffāḥat al -ğinn]

تفَاح الجنَ

تفَاح المجانين! /

تفّاح المجن/ تفّاحة الجنّ

[“apple of the Genie/

apple of the genies”]

[84: 351] (Andalusia, 6–7th c.); [87: 54] (Arabia, 10–11th c.); [169, II: 21]; [170: 577] (Palestine); [164: 114]; [171: 87]; [172: 248] (Moorish Spain); [41: 121]; [89: 299] (Palestine); [90: 115]; [173: 73] (Palestine)

Arabic

[tuffāḥ eš-šayṭān]

تفّاح الشيطان

[“apple of Satan”]

[174: 587] (Palestine); AGK Pers. Obs. (Palestine)

Czech

divelsappl

[“devil’s apple”]

[29: 346]

Dutch

duivelsplant

[“devil’s plant”]

[29: 346]

Dutch

appeldragend

[“dragon’s apple”]

]83: 258]; [28: 71]

Dutch

duivelsete

[“devil’s food”]

[29: 3346]

English

devil’s apple

[175: 209]; [159: 332]; [176: 24]; [179: 64]

English

devil’s food

[180: 60]; [181: 85]

English

dragon’s doll

[149: 316]; [109: 70]

English

Satan’s testicle

[149: 316]

German

drachenpuppe

[“dragon’s puppet”]

[30: 331]; [114: 15]; [80: 19]; [81: 23]

German

satansapfel

[“satan’s apple”]

[151: 693]; [81: 23]

German

teufelsapfel

[“devil’s apple”]

[134, III: 53]; [28]; [31: 42]; [30: 335]

German

unholdwurz

[“demon’s root”]

[134, III: 53]; [28: 71]; [31: 42]; [30: 335]

German

unholdkraut

[“demon’s herb”]

[75: 229]; [28: 71]

German

wichtelmännchen

[“Imp”]

[120: 113]; [31: 42]; [30: 337]

Greek

[kalánthropos]

καλάνθρωπος

[“Goblin”] because their root looks like Kalikántzaros, the goblin in Greek folklore

[177]

Hungarian

ördögalma

[“devil’s apple”]

[178]

Polish

czartawa

[“the demon

flower”]

[12: 164]

Turkish

cinelması

[“ghost’s apple”]

[73: 107]; [41: 124]

Turkish

şeytan şalgamı

[“Satan’s turnip”]

[41: 12]

D3

French

plante qui chante

[“singing plant”]

(see text)

[28: 71]

German

geldmännlein,

geldmännchen

[“little money-man”]/[“money manikin”]

[83: 258]; [114: 15]; [29, II: 343]

German

glücksmännlein,

glücksmännchen

[“little fortune-man”]/[“good luck manikin”]

[182: 88]; [120: 113]; [29, II: 343]

German

hausväterchen

[“little house father”]

[114]; [27: 344]; [81: 23]

German

hinzelmannchen

[“gnome”]

[118: 355]; [119: 137]