Table 1 Analogies reported in the study regions of Amanã (ASDR) and Ribeira valley (RV)
No. | Topic/site | Short description of analogies |
|---|---|---|
1 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering predatory beetle1 to a dog improves hunting ability |
2 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering animals with a keen sense of smell to a dog improves olfactory capacity |
3 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering the ear and snout of a cutia (agouti)2 to a dog improves the dog’s hearing and sense of smell in pursuit of prey |
4 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering brain (miolo) of the japiim (yellow-rumped cacique)3, considered intelligent due elaborate nests, makes the dog more intelligent |
5 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering the brain of primates, considered intelligent, makes the dog more intelligent |
6 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering the brain of calango (lizard)1, considered a good predator, makes the dog a better hunter |
7 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering brain of urubu (vulture)4, which “sees prey from afar”, improves dog’s hunting ability |
8 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering the tooth of boto (Amazon river dolphin)5 or tucuxi6, “which hunt a lot”, improves a dog’s hunting ability |
9 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering ants1 that “walk in groups” improves the dog’s ability to chase herds of caititu (peccary)7 |
10 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering morcegos (bats)1 that “roost in a row” improves the ability of the dog to corner herds of caititu (peccary)7 |
11 | Hunting/ASDR | Administering caba (wasp)1, because it is a predator (a hunter), makes dog a better hunter |
12 | Hunting/ASDR | Depositing a small piece cut from a dog’s ear on prey tracks improves the ability of the dog to chase prey |
13 | Hunting/ASDR | Depositing a dog’s fur on prey tracks improves the dog’s ability to chase prey |
14 | Hunting/ASDR | Depositing a dog's fur on onça (jaguar or puma)8 tracks improves the ability of the dog to chase jaguars or pumas |
15 | Hunting/ASDR | Blowing the smoke of burnt onça (jaguar or puma)8 fur on a dog improves the dog’s ability to chase jaguars or pumas |
16 | Hunting/RV | Administering a powder made from burnt caçadeira (huntress wasp)1 that is predatory and burrows, improves the dog’s ability to hunt burrowing animals |
17 | Hunting/RV | In addition to practice 16, the powder should be placed in a single point in the dog’s food so that the dog can go directly to where the prey is. If the powder is spread, the dog will lose its prey |
18 | Hunting/RV | Administering feathers of urubu (vulture)4, considered an excellent detector of prey, improves the ability of a dog to detect prey from afar |
19 | Hunting/RV | In addition to practice 18, the urubu (vulture)4, by feeding on dead animals, causes the dog to die early |
20 | Hunting/RV | When the smoke from burnt embaúba (Cecropia)9 leaf (located up high) is blown on a dog, the dog is better able to corner arboreal animals |
21 | Hunting/RV | When butchering bugio (howler monkey)10, some hunters keep the animal’s sac-shaped hyoid bone, responsible for vocalization. Depositing chili pepper in the stored hyoid bone irritates the throat of howler monkeys in the forest, making them easier to hunt |
22 | Hunting/RV | The hunter holds a tree leaf next to the shotgun when shooting a bugio (howler monkey)10: when shot, howler monkeys attempt to heal themselves by rubbing leaves on their wounds |
23 | Childbearing/ASDR | Burying the umbilical cord near the mother’s home accelerates the time to her next pregnancy (according to some reports, the opposite is also true) |
24 | Childbearing/ASDR | It is locally recognized that the umbigo da castanha (operculum of the Brazil nut)11 does not pass through the orifice of the pericarp and, thus, can only be accessed by cutting the pericarp open (Fig. 3). Throwing a Brazil nut operculum behind a pregnant woman's back causes the child to “stay stuck in her belly”, preventing natural childbirth |
25 | Childbearing/ASDR | If a pregnant woman eats a jabuti (red-footed tortoise)12, which is a slow animal, labor will be prolonged |
26 | Childbearing/ASDR | If a pregnant woman eats pato (duck)13, which frequently defecates and has “soft stool”, the baby will have severe diarrhea |
27 | Childbearing/ASDR | If a pregnant woman eats jabuti (red-footed tortoise)12, which retracts its head, the fetus will also retract in the mother's uterus, making natural childbirth impossible |
28 | Childbearing/ASDR | If a pregnant woman eats meat from an animal that was difficult to kill, it will lead to difficult childbirth (according to some reports the opposite is also true) |
29 | Childbearing/ASDR | An injury or disfigurement caused to an animal during a hunt by the father will manifest in the newborn child |
30 | Childbearing/ASDR | If a hunter unnecessary injures an animal, his child is born with the appearance of the mistreated animal |
31 | Childbearing/ASDR | The same suffering experienced by an animal mistreated by a pregnant woman will manifest in the child |
32 | Childbearing/ASDR | A harming caused by a pregnant woman to a dead animal (carcasses) will manifest in the newborn |
33 | Childbearing/ASDR | If a father exerts physical effort in any activity during his wife’s pregnancy, the child will also exert a lot of physical effort and suffer as a consequence |
34 | Childbearing/ASDR | The bark of trees that regenerates quickly is applied to the genitalia of women after childbirth to speed recovery |
35 | Childbearing/RV | If a pregnant woman eats an animal with large claws, the child will “scratch her belly” |
36 | Childbearing/RV | Eating animal de casco (turtles), which retracts its head, causes the child to retract during childbirth |
37 | Childbearing/RV | If a pregnant woman eats tatu (armadillo)14 tail, considered large by the locals, the child will be born with a large penis |
38 | Childbearing/RV | During resguardo (immediate postpartum period) a woman cannot eat prey killed in a mundéu (a trap that crushes the animal with tree trunks) "because the child’s guts will come out, like what happens with an animal in a mundéu" |
39 | Childbearing/RV | Eating an animal killed in a mundéu—a trap that crushes the animal – will cause back pain in women who have recently given birth |
40 | Childbearing/RV | If a lactating woman eat female veado (deer)15 meat “her milk will dry” (she won’t have more milk) |
41 | Childbearing/RV | A woman who has recently given birth who eats jacutinga (black-fronted piping guan)16, which has white feathers on its head, will get gray hair early |
42 | Childbearing/RV | Eating a domestic pig17 that has already given birth and that has a lump (or inflammation) in the uterus causes the same problem in women who have recently given birth |
43 | Childbearing/RV | Eating galinha botadeira (laying hen)18 with a lump (or inflammation) in the uterus causes the same problem in women who have given birth |
44 | Childbearing/RV | Eating fish1 with reddish eyes gives women who have recently given birth reddish eyes |
45 | Childbearing/RV | Eating bloody meat causes hemorrhaging in women who have recently give birth |
46 | Childbearing/RV | Eating an adult rooster18 can make its song “get stuck in the head of a woman who has recently given birth, which can make her crazy” |
47 | Child health/RV | If a newborn wears yellow clothes, they will get amarelão (“jaundice” associated locally with hookworm infection) |
48 | Child health/RV | Twisting a newborn's diaper causes the baby to have stomach pain and diarrhea |
49 | Virility/ASDR | The broth from jabuti (tortoise)12, which has a retractable head, retracts the penis of the man who drinks it |
50 | Virility/RV | A man who eats a preparation made with the reproductive organ of coati20 (grated and mixed with rum) will have better sexual performance |
51 | Virility/RV | Regarding practice 50, grating the organ from the bottom up leads to an erection, bottom down leads to impotence |
52 | Meteorology/ASDR | If an ave coã (laughing falcon)21 lands on a dry tree, it signals dry weather. If it lands on a leafy tree, it signals rain |
53 | Meteorology/RV | The weather conditions in the first 12 days of the year indicate how they will be throughout the entire 12 months of that year |
54 | Meteorology/RV | The moon derramando (“pouring”), that is, in a vertical or inclined position, indicates rain or cloudy weather |
55 | Other Medicines/ASDR | The use of cachorro pelado (pencil cactus)19 extract, due to the highly branched (articulated) architecture of its branches (Fig. 3), cures dislocated limbs |
56 | Other Medicines/ASDR | Eating watermelon22 (red and liquid) can cause bleeding in menstruating women |
57 | Other Medicines/RV | A person with a flesh wound who eats tatu (armadillo)14 will feel the wound scratching (because of armadillos’ long claws) |
58 | Other/ASDR | The relative physical weakening of a farmer weakens plants1 that he or she cultivates |
59 | Other/RV | Attaching the tip of the tail of a newly acquired dog to the post of the house prevents it from returning to its former home. In this kind of sympathetic belief, in which the part represents the whole, fixing part of dog in its new home is a way of not letting it run away |
60 | Other/RV | If a person destroys the tubular clay nest of a certain vespa (wasp)1, “everything they pick up is damaged” |