Fig. 7

Traditional and modern wetland management in the Biebrza Valley (Poland). a Traditional hand hay management: above—carrying small haystack on wooden spruce rods (Photo by M. Pokropek, 1968), below—preparing to mow with a scythe (Photo by J. Rybiński, 1960s). b Transport across the river: above—with horses (Photo by J. Rybiński, 1960s), below—haybales transported with a tractor (Photo by J. Sucholas, 2019). c Livestock grazing wetlands on the other side of the river: above—horses (Photo by W. Wołkow, 1960s), below—cattle (Photo by J. Sucholas, 2018), d cattle grazing three types of habitats: uppermost—open wetlands, middle—Alnus forest, below—Quercus forest on mineral islands (Photos by J. Sucholas, 2018), e hay storing: above—traditional haystacks in the wetlands (Photo by J. Rybiński, 1960s), below—modern bales (Photo by J. Sucholas, 2019), f traditional haystacks on Biebrza wetlands: above—haystacks, below: empty haystack platform (redrawn after Denis Clavreul from Portrait of a Living Marsh by Robin D’Arcy Shillcock, 1993 [101])