Table 1 Diversity and use categories of plant species in the Eastern Cape Province
Species name and voucher number | Family | Vernacular name | Growth form | Parts used | Uses | RFC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*Acacia baileyana F. Muell.; AM1421 | Fabaceae | Iwatlisi | Tree | Stems | Construction timber | 0.03 |
*Acacia dealbata Link.; AM1422 | Fabaceae | Idywabasi | Tree | Stems | Construction timber | 0.04 |
*Acacia mearnsii De Wild.; AM1424 | Fabaceae | Idywabasi | Tree | Bark, leaves, stems and twigs | Construction timber, firewood, fodder, windbreak and sold as herbal medicine (diarrhoea) | 0.07 |
Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Codd; AM1451 | Apocynaceae | Intlungunye and inxinebe | Tree | Leaves | Sold as herbal medicine (ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM), headache and snakebite) | 0.09 |
Agapanthus africanus Hoffmanns; AM1432 | Amaryllidaceae | Isicakathi | Herb | Leaves and whole plant | Ornamental and herbal medicine (antiseptic, rash and stomach problems) | 0.05 |
*Agave americana L.; AM1452 | Asparagaceae | Ikhamanga | Shrub | Leaf sap and whole plant | Fibre, live fence, ornamental and herbal medicine (high blood pressure) | 0.06 |
Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh.; AM1494 | Apiaceae | Iqwili | Herb | Roots | Sold as herbal medicine (abdominal pains, fever, pimples and wounds) | 0.33 |
Alepidea serrata Eckl. & Zeyh.; AM1505 | Apiaceae | Ubulawa | Herb | Roots | Herbal medicine (cough) | 0.01 |
*Allium cepa L.; AM1507 | Amaryllidaceae | Itswele | Herb | Bulb | Edible tubers and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.41 |
*Allium sativum L.; AM1508 | Amaryllidaceae | Ivimbampunzi | Herb | Bulb | Edible tubers and herbal medicine (cough) | 0.12 |
Aloe arborescens Mill.; AM1493 | Asphodelaceae | Ikhala and ingcelwane | Shrub | Leaf gel and leaves | Herbal medicine (EVM, constipation, dry skin, inflammation, stomach problems and wounds) | 0.12 |
Aloe ferox Mill.; AM1409 | Asphodelaceae | Ikhala and umhlaba | Shrub | Leaf gel, leaves, stems and whole plant | Firewood, live fence, animal enclosure and sold as herbal medicine (EVM, boils, dry skin, immune booster, stomachache, tuberculosis(TB) and wounds); leaf gel harvested and marketed | 0.38 |
Aloe greatheadii Schönland var. davyana. (Schönland) Glen & D.S. Hardy; AM1559 | Asphodelaceae | Inkala | Herb | Leaf gel and leaves | Herbal medicine (burns, sores and wounds) | 0.01 |
Aloiampelos ciliaris (Haw.) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. var. ciliaris; AM1506 | Asphodelaceae | Intelezi | Shrub | Leaf gel and leaves | Herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.01 |
*Amaranthus hybridus L.; AM1515 | Amaranthaceae | Nomdlomboyi, umfino, umtyutyu and unomdlomboyi | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable | 0.04 |
Amaranthus spinosus L.; AM1560 | Amaranthaceae | Utyuthu | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable | 0.06 |
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd.; AM1516 | Asteraceae | Umhlonyane | Shrub | Leaves and roots | Herbal medicine (cough, diabetes, loss of appetite and TB) | 0.32 |
*Arundo donax L.; AM1561 | Poaceae | Intsasela | Grass | Whole plant | Thatching grass and erosion control | 0.01 |
Asparagus africanus L.; AM1495 | Asparagaceae | Ubulawu, ubumhlope, umathunga and umthunzi | Climber | Leaves and roots | Sold as herbal medicine (sexually transmitted Infections (STIs), to speed up labour and wounds) | 0.14 |
Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce; AM1433 | Asparagaceae | Imvane and isicakathi | Climber | Roots | Herbal medicine (STIs) | 0.01 |
Asparagus laricinus Burch.; AM1562 | Asparagaceae | Inqatha | Shrub | Roots | Herbal medicine (EVM, inflammation, TB and wounds) | 0.01 |
*Avena fatua L.; AM1563 | Poaceae | Ihabile | Grass | Whole plant | Fodder | 0.01 |
*Bambusa balcooa Roxb. ex Roxb.; AM1564 | Poaceae | Ingcongolo | Grass | Whole plant | Thatching grass | 0.01 |
*Beta vulgaris L.; AM1489 | Amaranthaceae | Bhetruthi | Herb | Leaves and tuber | Edible tubers and leaves, and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.11 |
*Bidens pilosa L.; AM1536 | Asteraceae | Umhlabangubo, umhlabangulo, ucadolo and uqadolo | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable and herbal medicine (TB) | 0.04 |
Boophone disticha (L. f.) Herb.; AM1496 | Amaryllidaceae | Incwadi and ishwadi | Herb | Bulb | Sold as herbal medicine (EVM, boils and circumcision wounds) | 0.13 |
Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook. f. ssp. volubilis; AM1490 | Asparagaceae | Umagaqana, umagaquana and umgaqana | Herb | Bulb | Sold as herbal medicine (headache, inflammations and impotence) | 0.13 |
*Brassica oleracea L.; AM1535 | Brassicaceae | Ikhaphetshu | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.64 |
*Brassica spp.; AM1534 | Brassicaceae | – | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.03 |
*Bromus catharticus Vahl; AM1565 | Poaceae | Irhasi | Grass | Whole plant | Fodder | 0.01 |
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam.; AM1533 | Rhizophoraceae | Isiqungati | Tree | Stems | Construction timber | 0.04 |
Bulbine abyssinica A. Rich.; AM1492 | Asphodelaceae | Intelezi and uyakayakana | Herb | Leaves and roots | Sold as herbal medicine (EVM, diarrhoea and menstrual problems) | 0.05 |
Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd.; AM1532 | Asphodelaceae | Ibhucu | Herb | Leaf sap | Herbal medicine (EVM, diabetes, ringworm and wounds) | 0.09 |
Bulbine latifolia (L. f.) Roem. & Schult.; AM1531 | Asphodelaceae | Ibhucu and incelwane | Herb | Roots | Sold as herbal medicine (EVM, diarrhoea and speed up labour) | 0.15 |
*Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alson; AM1566 | Fabaceae | Bobo | Shrub | Fruits, stems and whole plant | Edible fruits, firewood, animal enclosure and live fence | 0.02 |
*Cannabis sativa L.; AM1567 | Cannabaceae | Intsanga, somntsangu and umya | Shrub | Leaves | Smoked for pleasure and sold as herbal medicine (EVM, diabetes, epilepsy, headache, labour pains and respiratory infections) | 0.02 |
Capparis tomentosa Lam.; AM1410 | Capparaceae | Imfishlo, intshihlo, intsihlo and umpasimani | Tree | Roots | Herbal medicine (pneumonia, snakebite and sore throat) | 0.06 |
*Capsicum annuum L.; AM1447 | Solanaceae | Itshilisi | Herb | Fruits | Edible fruits, herbal medicine (fever) and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.35 |
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan; AM 448 | Apocynaceae | Beta-umtumzi | Shrub | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.04 |
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L. Bolus; AM1449 | Aizoaceae | Igcukuma | Shrub | Leaves | Herbal medicine (ringworm, sore throat, TB and wounds) | 0.08 |
Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl.; AM1568 | Celastraceae | Igqwaka, iqwaka and umhlwazi | Tree | Leaves | Leafy vegetable | 0.01 |
*Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don; AM1450 | Apocynaceae | Isihlungu | Herb | Leaves and whole plant | Ornamental and herbal medicine (cancer and diabetes) | 0.09 |
Cenchrus ciliaris L.; AM1569 | Poaceae | Phungela | Grass | Whole plant | Fodder | 0.01 |
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.; AM1570 | Apiaceae | Udingu | Climber | Leaves | Herbal medicine (skin diseases (acne) and wound) | 0.02 |
Centella coriacea Nannf.; AM1453 | Apiaceae | Unongotyozana | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable and herbal medicine (EVM, STIs, TB and wounds) | 0.10 |
*Cereus jamacaru DC.; AM1571 | Cactaceae | Unoroshe | Shrub | Stems | Fodder | 0.01 |
*Chenopodium album L.; AM1454 | Amaranthaceae | Iphunga | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable | 0.11 |
Cheilanthes hirta Sw.; AM1455 | Sinopteridaceae | Ifense | Pteridophyte | Leaves | Herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.01 |
*Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.; AM1530 | Rutaceae | Lamuni | Tree | Fruits and leaves | Edible fruits, herbal medicine (skin rash) and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.19 |
*Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck; AM1529 | Rutaceae | Iorenji | Tree | Fruits | Edible fruits and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.20 |
Clivia miniata Regel; AM1434 | Amaryllidaceae | Umayime | Herb | Leaves | Herbal medicine (stomach problems) | 0.04 |
Colocasia antiquorum Schott; AM1572 | Araceae | Idumbe | Herb | Tubers | Edible tubers | 0.01 |
Combretum erythrophyllum (Burch.) Sond.; AM1528 | Combretaceae | Umdubu | Tree | Leaves | Fodder | 0.02 |
Convolvulus sagittatus Thumb; AM1497 | Convolvulaceae | Uboqo | Herb | Roots | Herbal medicine (headache) | 0.01 |
*Cucurbita maxima Duchesne; AM1517 | Cucurbitaceae | Ithanga | Climber | Fruits | Edible fruits and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.24 |
*Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.; AM1498 | Cucurbitaceae | Ithanga | Climber | Fruits | Edible fruits and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.30 |
Cussonia paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh.; AM1518 | Araliaceae | Umsenge | Tree | Bark and leaves | Herbal medicine (immune booster and skin diseases) | 0.06 |
Cussonia spicata Thunb.; AM1488 | Araliaceae | Umgezisa | Tree | Leaves | Sold as herbal medicine (EVM, immune booster and stomach problems) | 0.07 |
Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle; AM1426 | Poaceae | Umqungu | Grass | Whole plant | Thatching grass | 0.01 |
*Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.; AM1509 | Poaceae | Uqaqaqa | Grass | Leaves | Fodder | 0.04 |
*Datura stramonium L.; AM1510 | Solanaceae | Umhlavuthwa, umvumbangwe and uvumbangwe, | Herb | Leaves and stems | Firewood, fodder and herbal medicine (asthma, boils and wounds) | 0.07 |
*Daucas carota L.; AM1487 | Apiaceae | Kharothi | Herb | Taproots | Edible taproot and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.27 |
Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis (L.f.) Koekemoer; AM1573 | Asteraceae | Umlingatho | Herb | Leaves and roots | Herbal medicine (stomach problems and fumigant) | 0.01 |
Dicoma capensis Less; AM1574 | Asteraceae | Ucelezi | Herb | Leaves | Herbal medicine (respiratory infections) | 0.02 |
Digitaria eriantha Steud.; AM1575 | Poaceae | Ulozana | Grass | Whole plant | Fodder | 0.01 |
Diospyros lycioides Desf.; AM1427 | Ebenaceae | Umbhongisa | Shrub | Fruits, leaves and stems | Edible fruits, firewood and fodder | 0.02 |
Dovyalis caffra (Hook. f. & Harv.) Hook. f.; AM1486 | Salicaceae | Incagolo | Shrub | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.04 |
Dovyalis rhamnoides (Burch. ex DC.) Burch. ex Harv. & Sond.; AM1576 | Salicaceae | Umkhamgwinqi | Shrub | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.04 |
Elegia tectorum (L.f.) Moline and H.P. Linder; AM1577 | Restionaceae | – | Herb | Whole plant | Construction material and thatching | 0.01 |
Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeels; AM1425 | Fabaceae | Intolwane | Shrub | Rhizomes | Sold as herbal medicine (EVM, high blood pressure, haemorrhoids, rashes and purify blood) | 0.17 |
*Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.; AM1485 | Myrtaceae | – | Tree | Stems and leaves | Construction timber, firewood, windbreak and herbal medicine (cough and TB) | 0.05 |
*Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden; AM1519 | Myrtaceae | – | Tree | Stems | Construction timber, firewood and windbreak | 0.03 |
Euphorbia ingens E. Mey. ex Boiss; AM1520 | Euphorbiaceae | Intsema | Shrub | Latex | Herbal medicine (cancer and skin rash) | 0.04 |
*Ficus carica L.; AM1484 | Moraceae | ikwiwane | Tree | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.05 |
*Foeniculum vulgare Mill.; AM1578 | Apiaceae | Imboziso | Herb | Leaves | Culinary herb and herbal medicine (stomach problems) | 0.01 |
Grewia occidentalis L.f.; AM1526 | Malvaceae | Umgaqombo | Shrub | Fruits and roots | Edible fruits and herbal medicine (EVM and wounds) | 0.01 |
Gunnera perpensa L.; AM1525 | Gunneraceae | Iphuzi, iphuzi lomlambo and uxobo | Herb | Rhizomes | Sold as herbal medicine (EVM, cancer, constipation, induce or augment labour, inflammation, menstrual pain and wounds) | 0.18 |
Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh.; AM1483 | Anacardiaceae | Umgwenya, umgwenye, umgwenye-hangul and umgwenyobomvu | Tree | Bark and fruits | Edible fruits and herbal medicine (rash and wounds) | 0.12 |
*Harrisia balansae (K. Schum.) N.P. Taylor & Zappi; AM1579 | Cactaceae | Ukatyi | Shrub | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.01 |
Helichrysum gymnocomum DC.; AM1458 | Asteraceae | Icholachola | Herb | Whole plant | Herbal medicine (colds and cough) | 0.06 |
Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less.; AM1457 | Asteraceae | Icholocholo and insicwe | Herb | Leaves | Spiritual and herbal medicine (cough, diabetes, menstrual problems and circumcision wounds) | 0.09 |
Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet; AM1456 | Asteraceae | Iphepho | Shrub | Whole plant | Spiritual and sold as herbal medicine (colds, diabetes, headache, wounds, fumigant and insect repellent) | 0.12 |
Helichrysum pedunculatum Hilliard & B.L. Burtt; AM1580 | Asteraceae | Iphepho | Shrub | Whole plant | Spiritual and circumcision wounds | 0.03 |
Hermannia depressa N.E.Br.; AM1435 | Malvaceae | Phate eangaka | Shrub | Leaves | Herbal medicine (colds and cough) | 0.04 |
Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf; AM1482 | Poaceae | Umngcele | Grass | Whole plant | Thatching grass | 0.04 |
Hypoxis argentea Harv. ex Baker; AM1499 | Hypoxidaceae | Inongwe, isinana and ixalanxa | Herb | Bulb | Herbal medicine (EVM, cancer, ringworm and TB) | 0.06 |
Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. Mey. & Ave-Lall.; AM1524 | Hypoxidaceae | Inongwe | Herb | Bulb | Sold as herbal medicine (cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, immune booster and pimples) | 0.33 |
Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk.; AM1480 | Aquifoliaceae | Isidumo, umduma, unduduma and unduma | Tree | Bark | Sold as herbal medicine (sore throat and stomach problems) | 0.08 |
*Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; AM1428 | Convolvulaceae | Bhatata | Climber | Tubers | Edible tubers and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.21 |
*Lactuca sativa L.; AM1471 | Asteraceae | Ilethasi | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.14 |
Lasiosiphon capitatus (Lam.) Burtt Davy; AM1527 | Thymelaeaceae | Isidikili | Shrub | Roots | Herbal medicine (ringworm and wounds) | 0.04 |
Leonotis leonurus (L.) R. Br.; AM1523 | Lamiaceae | Imvovo, Umfinafincane and utywala bengcungcu | Shrub | Leaves | Herbal medicine (EVM, colds, cough, diarrhoea and snakebite) | 0.09 |
Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng.; AM1479 | Verbanaceae | Inzinziniba | Shrub | Leaves and roots | Herbal medicine (chicken pox, colds, cough and wounds) | 0.12 |
Lobelia flaccida (C. Presl) A. DC.; AM1522 | Campanulaceae | Itshilizi and ubulawu | Herb | Leaves | Herbal medicine (abdominal pain) | 0.02 |
*Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; AM1521 | Solanaceae | Tumata | Climber | Fruits | Edible fruits and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.22 |
*Malus domestica Borkh.; AM1481 | Rosaceae | Apile | Tree | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.10 |
Malva parviflora L.; AM1482 | Malvaceae | Ujongelana and unomolwana | Shrub | Leaves | Herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.01 |
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.; AM1483 | Lamiaceae | Inxina | Herb | Leaves | Culinary herb and herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.05 |
Miscanthus capensis (Nees) Andersson; AM1478 | Poaceae | Idobo | Grass | Leaves and roots | Thatching grass and herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.04 |
*Musa X paradisiaca L.; AM1503 | Musaceae | – | Tree | Fruits | Edible fruits sold in local markets | 0.13 |
*Nicotiana glauca Graham; AM1502 | Solanaceae | Icubamfene | Shrub | Leaves | Herbal medicine (headache) | 0.05 |
Nidorella ivifolia (L.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; AM1581 | Asteraceae | Isavu | Shrub | Leaves | Herbal medicine (diabetes) | 0.03 |
*Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.; AM1582 | Cactaceae | Unochwane | Shrub | Stems | Fodder | 0.02 |
*Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.; AM1501 | Cactaceae | Itolofiya | Tree | Fruits, stems and whole plant | Edible fruits and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets, fodder, live fence, animal enclosure, ornamental and herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.34 |
*Opuntia monacantha Haw.; AM1583 | Cactaceae | Tolofiya | Shrub | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.01 |
Pentanisia prunelloides (Klotzsch ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. ssp. prunelloides; AM1411 | Rubiaceae | Cimamlilo, icimamlilo, icishamlilo, irubuxa and isicimamlilo | Herb | Roots | Herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.04 |
*Persea americana Mill.; AM1459 | Lauraceae | – | Tree | Fruits and seed paste | Edible fruits and herbal medicine (ringworm) | 0.12 |
*Phaseolus vulgaris L.; AM1460 | Fabaceae | Mbotyi | Herb | Fruits and seeds | Edible fruits and seeds | 0.20 |
Phoenix reclinata Jacq.; AM1469 | Arecaceae | Idama and isundu | Tree | Leaves and whole plant | Crafts and ornamental | 0.04 |
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.; AM1500 | Poaceae | Ingcongolo | Grass | Leaves and stems | Thatching grass, building walls and animal enclosure | 0.04 |
*Physalis angulata L.; AM1470 | Solanaceae | Iyoli | Herb | Leaves | Herbal medicine (burns) | 0.05 |
*Phytolacca dioica L.; AM1584 | Phytolaccaceae | Umvumvu | Tree | Leaves and whole plant | Ornamental, fodder and shade | 0.01 |
*Pinus halepensis Mill.; AM1585 | Pinaceae | Ipayina | Tree | Whole plant | Firewood, ornamental and windbreak | 0.01 |
*Pisum sativum L.; AM1461 | Fabaceae | Erityisi | Herb | Fruits | Edible fruits sold in local markets | 0.16 |
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims.; AM1420 | Pittosporaceae | Umgqwengqwe and umkhwenkwe | Shrub | Bark and roots | Herbal medicine (EVM, abdominal pain, cancer and fever) | 0.12 |
Plectranthus ambiguus (Bolus) Codd; AM1429 | Lamiaceae | Irhajojo | Herb | Leaves | Herbal medicine (EVM, colds and cough) | 0.06 |
Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) R. Br. ex Mirb.; AM1511 | Podocarpaceae | Umcheya | Tree | Leaves | Herbal medicine (EVM and wounds) | 0.01 |
*Pontederia crassipes Mart.; AM1586 | Pontederiaceae | Inyibiba | Herb | Whole plant | Ornamental and erosion control | 0.12 |
*Pontederia cordata L. var. ovalis Solms; AM1587 | Pontederiaceae | Ingcongolo | Herb | Whole plant | Ornamental and erosion control | 0.01 |
Portulaca oleracea L.; AM1588 | Portulacaceae | Igwanisha | Shrub | Leaves and stems | Leafy vegetable | 0.01 |
Portulacaria afra Jacq.; AM1589 | Didiereaceae | Igqwanitsha, igwanisha, igwanishe, umfayisele and wehlathi | Shrub | Leaves and stems | Leafy vegetable | 0.01 |
Prunus africana Hook.; AM1467 | Rosaceae | Inyazangoma, itywina-elikhul, umdumizulu, umkhakhase and umkhakhazi | Tree | Bark and leaves | Herbal medicine (cough, eye problems and TB) | 0.04 |
*Prunus armeniaca L.; AM1415 | Rosaceae | – | Tree | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.12 |
*Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; AM1512 | Rosaceae | Ipesika | Tree | Fruits, leaves and stems | Edible fruits, firewood and herbal medicine (eye problems) | 0.13 |
*Psidium guajava L.; AM1513 | Myrtaceae | Gwava | Shrub | Fruits, leaves and stems | Edible fruits and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets, and herbal medicine (diarrhoea) | 0.18 |
*Punica granatum L.; AM1591 | Lythraceae | Rhanati | Tree | Fruits, leaves and stems | Edible fruits, firewood and fodder | 0.01 |
Rhoicissus digitata (L.f.) Gilg & Brandt; AM1468 | Vitaceae | Uchithibhunga | Climber | Roots | Herbal medicine (headache and high blood pressure) | 0.07 |
*Ricinus communis L.; AM1466 | Euphorbiaceae | Umhlakuza and umkakuva | Tree | Leaves | Herbal medicine (stomachache) | 0.05 |
*Rubus fruticosus L.; AM1590 | Rosaceae | Qunube | Shrub | Fruits | Edible fruits and wine production | 0.01 |
Rumex lanceolatus Thunb.; AM1592 | Polygonaceae | Idololenkonyane and idolonyana | Shrub | Roots | Herbal medicine (EVM, back pain and rheumatism) | 0.01 |
*Salix babylonica L.; AM1593 | Salicaceae | Umngcunube | Tree | Whole plant | Ornamental | 0.01 |
Salvia scabra L. f.; AM1416 | Lamiaceae | Isicakathi | Herb | Leaves | Herbal medicine (EVM and tonic) | 0.01 |
Schotia latifolia Jacq.; AM1418 | Fabaceae | Umaphipha and umgxam | Tree | Bark and stems | Construction timber and herbal medicine (EVM and diarrhoea) | 0.04 |
Senecio speciosus Willd.; AM1419 | Asteraceae | Idambiso | Herb | Leaves | Herbal medicine (inflammations and wounds) | 0.05 |
Senegalia caffra (Thunb.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.; AM1504 | Fabaceae | Umnyamanzi and umthole | Tree | Stems | Construction timber | 0.04 |
Sida rhombifolia L.; AM1465 | Malvaceae | Umdizawethafa | Shrub | Leaves | Herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.01 |
Solanum aculeastrum Dun.; AM1417 | Solanaceae | Umthuma | Shrub | Fruits | Edible fruits and herbal medicine (boils, cancer, dysentery and impotence) | 0.05 |
*Solanum nigrum L.; AM1430 | Solanaceae | Umsobo and umsobosobo | Herb | Fruits and leaves | Edible fruits and herbal medicine (ringworm and wounds) | 0.07 |
*Solanum tuberosum L.; AM1444 | Solanaceae | Amazambane | Herb | Tubers | Edible tubers and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.29 |
*Sonchus asper (L.) Hill; AM1445 | Asteraceae | Irwabe | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable | 0.04 |
*Sonchus oleraceus L.; AM1446 | Asteraceae | Ihlaba | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable | 0.05 |
*Spinacia oleracea L.; AM1412 | Amaranthaceae | Imifuno | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.54 |
Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) Robyns & Tournay; AM1431 | Poaceae | Umtshiki | Grass | Whole plant | Thatching grass | 0.04 |
Sporobolus fimbriatus (Trin.) Nees; AM1436 | Poaceae | Umgigwi | Grass | Whole plant | Thatching grass | 0.03 |
Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex C. Krauss.; AM1443 | Myrtaceae | Umswi | Tree | Bark | Herbal medicine (inflammation and pimples) | 0.06 |
*Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn.; AM1594 | Myrtaceae | Irharinati | Tree | Fruits | Edible fruits | 0.01 |
*Tagetes minuta L.; AM1595 | Asteraceae | Nnkayo | Herb | Whole plant | Herbal medicine (anthelmintic, insect repellent and stomach problems) | 0.02 |
*Taraxacum officinale Weber; AM1463 | Asteraceae | Ikhokhoyi | Herb | Leaves | Leafy vegetable | 0.05 |
Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.; AM1596 | Bignoniaceae | Umsilingi | Tree | Leaves | Herbal medicine (inflammation and pain) | 0.01 |
*Toxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Kuntze; AM1597 | Anacardiaceae | Gamtriya | Tree | Leaves | Herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.01 |
Trichilia emetica Vahl; AM1437 | Meliaceae | Isibara and umkhulu | Tree | Leaves | Herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.04 |
Tulbaghia acutiloba Harv.; AM1462 | Amaryllidaceae | Isivumbampunzi | Herb | Leaves | Herbal medicine (colic) | 0.04 |
Tulbaghia alliacea L. f.; AM1442 | Amaryllidaceae | Umwelela | Herb | Bulb | Herbal medicine (boils and wounds) | 0.06 |
Tulbaghia violacea Harv.; AM1464 | Amaryllidaceae | Utswelane | Herb | Bulb | Herbal medicine (cancer and TB) | 0.07 |
Typha capensis (Rohrb.) N. E. Br.; AM1438 | Typhaceae | Ingcongolo and umkhanzi | Herb | Leaves and rhizomes | Construction material, crafts, green mature, water purification and herbal medicine (dysentery and STI) | 0.07 |
Vachellia karroo (Hayne) Banfi & Glasso; AM1423 | Fabaceae | Umnga, umnga-mpunzi and umunga | Tree | Bark, leaves and stems | Construction timber, firewood, fodder and sold as herbal medicine (EVM, boils, diarrhoea, haemorrhage, ringworm, thrush and TB) | 0.35 |
*Vitis vinifer L.; AM1440 | Vitaceae | Umdiliya | Climber | Fruits | Edible fruits sold in local markets | 0.06 |
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal; AM1414 | Solanaceae | Ubuvuma | Shrub | Leaves and roots | Herbal medicine (inflammations, TB and wounds) | 0.04 |
*Xanthium spinosum L.; AM1598 | Asteraceae | Itshungu | Herb | Roots | Herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.03 |
Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) W.T. Aiton; AM1442 | Apocynaceae | Ishongwane, itshongwe, iyeza elimhlophe and nwachaba | Herb | Roots | Herbal medicine (STIs) | 0.05 |
Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng.; AM1537 | Araceae | Inyiba | Herb | Leaves | Sold as herbal medicine (wounds) | 0.04 |
*Zea mays L.; AM1441 | Poaceae | umbone | Grass | Fruits | Edible seeds and fruits and bartered with neighbours or sold in local markets | 0.57 |
Ziziphus mucronata Willd.; AM1413 | Rhamnaceae | Umphafa | Tree | Leaves | Herbal medicine (EVM, chest pains, cough, dysentery and TB) | 0.11 |