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Table 1 Biological resources used for making sport and game equipment and toys

From: Traditional sports and games among the Sámi people in Northern Fennoscandia (Sápmi): an ethnobiological perspective

Species

Part

 

Used for

Sources

       

Mammals

           

Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus (L.)

Antler

 

Lasso loop

Glue for making skis

[11, 38]

[36]

       
 

Fur

Leather

Kneecap

Inflated stomach

Bone

 

Skis

Lasso

Toy reindeer

Buoyance device

Glue

[36]

[38]

[12]

[9]

[30, 36]

       

Lemming, Lemmus lemmus (L.)

Brown bear, Ursus arctos L

Birds

Living animal; skin

Fat

 

Toy

Ski wax

[36]

[30]

       

Wild goose, Anser sp.

Sternum

 

Toy reindeer antler

[12]

       

Ptarmigan, Lagopus sp.

Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus (L.),

Fish

Crop

Flight feather

 

Musical instrument

Bird whistle

[12, 30, 36]

[3]

       

Pike, Esox lucius L

Vertebrae

 

Toy necklace

Children’s games

[3, 11, 30, 36]

[3]

       

European perch, Perca fluviatilis L

Unknown big fish

Shellfish

Great scallop, Pecten maximus (L.)

Blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L

Fungi

Fish scales

Swim bladder

Shell

Shell

 

Glue for making skis

Noise maker

Toy animals

Toy animals

[37, 48]

[11, 30]

[13]

[13]

       

Birch polypore, Fomitopsis betulina

(Bull.) B.K.Cui, M.L.Han & Y.C.Dai

Fruit body

 

Ball

[6]

       

Vascular plants

           

Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L-

Compression wood

 

Skis

Bow

[11, 36]

[49]

       

Norwegian spruce, Picea abies (L.) H. Karst

Wood

Roots

Wood

Wood

 

Bow, Crossbow

Lasso

Stilts

Skis

[9]

[36, 38]

[12]

[36]

       

Juniper, Juniperus communis L

Downy birch, Betula pubescens Ehrh

Branches

Tree bark

Wood

 

Bow, crossbow

Toys

Birch bark trumpet

Skis

Walking stick

[9]

[12]

[37]

[12, 36]

[31, 53, 54]

       
   

Ski pole

[9]

       

Dwarf birch, Betula nana L

Rowan, Sorbus aucuparia L

Goat willow, Salix caprea L

Branches

Branches

Branches

 

Toys, fuel

Flute

Flute

[37]

[30, 37]

[11]

       

Norwegian angelica, Angelica archangelica L

Stem

 

Flute

Toy tobacco pipe

[10]

[11]

       

Mezereon, Daphne mezereum L

Stag's-horn clubmoss, Lycopodium clavatum L

Turnip, Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa

Common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud

Fruits

Branches

Root

Stem

 

Used in flute

Wrath

Ball

Flute

[9, 11]

[37]

[12]

[30]