From: Diversity and ethnomycological importance of mushrooms from Western Himalayas, Kashmir
No. | Name of Species | Family | Edibility Status | Ethno-mycological uses | Ecology | Voucher specimen Number | Region | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Agaricus amicosus Kerrigan. | Agaricaceae | Edible | Not used | Saprobic, scattered in fir litter | TS-106 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
2 | A. campestris L. | Agaricaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, growing in a grassy area | TS-107 | AJK | |
3 | A. silvicolae-similis Bohus & Locsmándi | Agaricaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Saprobic, growing on decomposed wood | TS-110 | AJK | |
4 | A. subrutilescens (Kauffman) Hotson & D. E. Stuntz | Agaricaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobe, growing under coniferous forest | TS-109 | AJK | Present study |
5 | Amanita fulva Fr | Amanitaceae | Inedible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with conifers or hardwoods | TS-110 | AJK | Present study |
6 | A. hemibapha (Berk. &Broome) Sacc | Amanitaceae | Poisonous | Poisonous | Saprobic | TS-111 | AJK | Present study |
7 | A. muscaria (L.) Lam | Amanitaceae | Poisonous | Poisonous | Mycorrhizal with pine and oak | TS-112 | AJK | Present study |
8 | A. phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Link | Amanitaceae | Deadly poisonous | Poisonous | Mycorrhizeal with oaks | TS-113 | AJK | [75] |
9 | A. vaginata (Bull.) Lam | Amanitaceae | Edible | Not consumed as food | Mycorrhizeal with pines and oaks | TS-114 | AJK | Present study |
10 | Apioperdon pyriforme (Schaeff.) Vizzini | Agaricaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food | Saprobic on deadwood of hardwoods or conifers | TS-115 | Pak | [51] |
11 | Armillaria gallica Marxm. & Romagn | Physalacriaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprophytic, on organic matter and soil | TS-120 | AJK | Present study |
12 | A. mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm | Physalacriaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Parasitic on the hardwoods, on conifers produce white rot in the wood | TS-121 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
13 | Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quel | Auriculriaceae | Edible/medicinal | Used in weakness after childbirth, anti-hypertension | Grows in groves of trees, on logs and dead branches | TS-122 | AJK/KPK | [52] |
14 | A. gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar | Boletaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with conifers | TS-123 | AJK | Present study |
15 | Boletus aureissimus (Murrill) Singer | Boletaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with oaks | TS-124 | AJK | Present study |
16 | B. chrysenteroides Snell | Boletaceae | Edible | Used as food | Mycorrhizal with oaks and conifers | TS-125 | AJK | Present study |
17 | B. edulis Bull. Herb. Fr | Boletaceae | Edible | Used as food | Mycorrhizal with hardwoods | TS-126 | AJK/KPK | |
18 | Bovista utriformis (Bull.) Fr | Agaricaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Sandy ground | TS-127 | AJK | Present study |
19 | Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson | Psathyrellaceae | Medicinal | Used in traditional medicines | Saprobic grow on decaying wood | TS-10 | AJK | Present study |
20 | Calvatia cyathiformis (Bosc) Morgan | Agaricaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, grow in grass | SG-16 | Kaghan Valley | Ahmed, 1950 |
21 | C. gigantea (Batsch) Lloyd | Agaricaceae | Edible when young | Consumed as food | Saprobic, growing on grass, lawn, open places | SG-20 | AJK | Present study |
22 | Cantharellus cibarius Fr | Cantharellaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food | Coniferous forest associated with moss | TS-003 | Pakistan | [70] |
23 | C. ignicolor (R.H. Petersen) Dahlman | Cantharellaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal with oaks, found in the cluster on mosses and grass | PC-132 | AJK | Present study |
24 | Chlorophyllum rhacodes (Vittad.) Vellinga | Agaricaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, found in roadside, lawns, etc. | PC-133 | AJK | |
25 | C. olivieri (Barla) Vellinga | Agaricaceae | Potentially dangerous | Consumed as food | Found in open areas | SG-134 | AJK | Present study |
26 | Clavaria fumosa Pers | Clavariaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, found in a dense cluster in grass | TS-135 | AJK | Present study |
27 | Clavariadelphus ligula (Schaeff.) Donk | Clavariaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, associated with fir needles on the ground | TS-138 | AJK | Present study |
28 | Desarmillaria tabescens (Scop.) R.A. Koch & Aime | Physalacriaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic on oaks | TS-139 | AJK | Present study |
29 | Clavulinopsis fusiformis (Sowerby) Corner | Clavariaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, under hardwoods or conifers | TS-140 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
30 | Clavulina alta Corner | Clavulinaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal with conifers | TS-141 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
31 | C. cinerea (Bull.) J. Schrot | Clavulinaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal association with conifers | TS-142 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
32 | C. coralloides (L.) J. Schröt | Clavulinaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal with conifers and hardwoods | SG-027 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
33 | Clitocybe acicula Singer | Tricholomataceae | Edible | Not consumed | On debris of conifers | TS-143 | AJK | Present study |
34 | C. nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm | Tricholomataceae | Edible/uncommon/medicinal | Not consumed | Found under conifers | TS-76 | AJK | Present study |
35 | Clitopilus prunulus (Scop.) P. Kumm | Entolomataceae | Edible | Not consumed | Saprobic, under, or conifers | PC-88 | AJK | Present study |
36 | Coprinus coffeicola Massee, Bull | Hymenochaetaceae | Inedible | Inedible | Saprobic, under hardwoods | TS-144 | AKJK | Present study |
37 | C. commatus (O. F. Mull.) Pers | Coprinaceae | Edible when young | Not consumed | Widely in grassland | TS-145 | AJK | Present study |
38 | Crepidotus applanatus (Pres.) P. Kumm | Cortinareaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Under forest | TS-146 | AJK | Present study |
39 | Desarmillaria tabescens (Scop.) R.A. Koch & Aime | Physalacriaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprophytic on oaks | TS-150 | AJK | Present study |
40 | Exidia recisa (Ditmar) Fr | Auriculareaceae | Inedible | Not consumed | Underwood and conifers | PC-89 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
41 | Floccularia luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.) Pouzar | Russulaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Ecto-Mycorrhizal, grow on the ground with pines | SG-19 | AJK | Present study |
42 | F. straminea (P. Kumm.) Pouzar | Agaricaceae | Inedible | Not clear | Under confers | TS-151 | AJK | Present study |
43 | Flammulina fennae Bas | Physalacriaceae | Edible | Not consumed | On older tree trunks and under conifers | TS-152 | AJK | Present study |
44 | F. ononidis Arnolds | Physalacriaceae | Edible | Not consumed | On the ground and rotten trees | TS-153 | AJK | Present study |
45 | Fistulina sp | Agaricomycetes | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food | At the tree trunk of Prunus padis | TS-154 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
46 | Gyromitra bubakii (Velen.) J. Moravec | Discinaceae | Edible on choice | Not consumed | Under forest | TS-155 | AJK | Present study |
47 | G. intermedia (Benedix) Harmaja | Discinaceae | Edible on choice | Not consumed | Under forest | TS-156 | AJK | Present study |
48 | G. esculenta (Pers.) Ex. Fr | Discinaceae | Conditionally edible /medicinal | Conditionally edible | Under Quercus trees | TS-157 | AJK | [27] |
49 | Ganoderma adspersum (Schulzer) Donk | Ganodermataceae | Inedible/med | Not consumed | On the ground and rotten trees | TS-158 | AJK | Present study |
50 | G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst | Ganodermataceae | Inedible/med | Medicinal | On the ground and rotten trees | TS-159 | AJK | [45] |
51 | G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat | Ganodermataceae | Medicinal | Medicinal | Under Quercus trees | TS-160 | AJK | [68] |
52 | Geastrum saccatum Fr | Geastraceae | Inedible | Not consumed | Under Quercus trees | TS-161 | Pakistan | [69] |
53 | G. pedicellatum (Batsch) Dörfelt & Müll. Uri | Agaricaceae | Unknown | Not confirm | On grassy ground | TS-162 | AJK | [50] |
54 | G. triplex Jungh | Geastraceae | Inedible | Not consumed | Under Quercus trees | SG-173 | Pakistan | |
55 | Helvella sulcata Afzel | Helvellaceae | Edible | Consumed s food | On decaying hardwoods stumps | SG-174 | AJK | Present study |
56 | H. elastica Bull | Helvellaceae | Inedible | Inedible | On the ground, on decaying wood | SG-175 | AJK | Present study |
57 | H. crispa (Scop.) Fr | Helvellaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal. Growing under conifers or hardwoods | SG-176 | Kaghan Valley | [69] |
58 | H. lacunosa Afzel | Helvellaceae | Conditionally edible/medicinal | Consumed as food | Not consumed | SG-177 | Kaghan Valley | [69] |
59 | H. fibrosa (Wallr.) Korf | Helvellaceae | Edible | Not consumed | On confers or wood of hardwoods | SG-178 | Pakistan | [69] |
60 | Hohenbuehelia sp. T-62 (LAH, 1193) | Pleurotaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food | Saprobic grows on decaying sticks and branches in damp spots on the forest floor | SG-179 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
61 | Hydnum repandum L | Hydaneceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed s food | Under Quercus trees | SG-180 | AJK | Present study |
62 | Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer | Hygrophoraceae | Edible | Consumed s food | On confers or wood of hardwoods | SG-181 | AJK | Present study |
63 | H. flavescens (Kauffman) Singer | Tricholomataceae | Inedible | Not consumed | On confers or wood of hardwoods | SG-182 | AJK | Present study |
64 | Hygrophorus piceae Kuhner | Hygrophoraceae | Edible | Unknown | On confers or wood of hardwoods | SG-183 | AJK | Present study |
65 | H. persooni Arnolds | Hygrophoraceae | Edible /medicinal | Unknown | On confers or wood of hardwoods | SG-184 | AJK | Present study |
66 | Imleria pallida (Frost) A. Farid, A.R. Franck, & J. Bolin | Boletaceae | Unknown | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with oaks | TS-185 | AJK | Present study |
67 | Laccaria amethystina Cooke | Hydnangiaceae | Edible on choice/medicinal | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with oaks | TS-186 | AJK | Present study |
68 | L. bicolor Maire | Hydnangiaceae | Conditionally edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with conifers, found in mosses | TS-187 | AJK | Present study |
69 | Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray | Russulaceae | Edible/medicinal | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with conifers | TS-188 | Pak | [51] |
70 | Lactarius sp | Russulaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | grows under conifers on acidic soils | TS-189 | AJK | Present study |
71 | L. helvus (Fr.) Fr | Russulaceae | Poisonous | Poisonous | Mycorrhizal with conifers | TS-190 | AJK | Present study |
72 | L. quieticolor Romagn | Russulaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal | TS-200 | AJK | Present study |
73 | L. torminosus (Schaeff.) Pers | Russulaceae | Inedible | Inedible | Mycorrhizal, mixed forest | HP-007 | AJK | Present study |
75 | Lactifluus piperatus (L.) Roussel | Russulaceae | Edible/medicinal | Inedible | On oak | SG-192 | AJK | [50] |
76 | Lepista ovispora (J.E. Lange). Gulden | Tricholomataceae | Conditionally edible/med | Not consumed | Open grassland | SG-193 | AJK | Present study |
77 | Laetiporus sulphureus Bull. Murrill | Fomitopsidaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food | On oak, prunus, Salix, etc. | TS-201 | AJK | [51] |
78 | Lepiota cristata. (Bolton) P. kumm | Agaricaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, on forest, lawns, etc. | TS-202 | Sohawa Shareef AJK | Present study |
79 | L. magnispora Murill | Agaricaceae | Inedible | Inedible | Saprobic, Found under hardwoods and conifers | TS-203 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
80 | Lepista luscina (Fr.) Singer | Tricholomataceae | Edible | Not consumed | In mixed forest | TS-204 | AJK | Present study |
81 | L. irina (Fr.) H.E. Bigelow | Tricholomataceae | Unknown | Not consumed | In mixed forest | TS-205 | AJK | Present study |
82 | Lycoperdon perlatum Pers | Agaricaceae | Edible when young/medicinal | Consumed as food and wound healing | Open areas, grassy ground | TS-210 | Pak | [69] |
83 | Leucopaxillus giganteus Calonge & M | Stereaceae | Inedible | Inedible | Saprobic on deadwood of oaks | TS-002 | AJK | Present study |
84 | Morchella tridentina Bres | Morchallaceae | Edible/medicinal | Used in cough and cold, highly medicinal | Saprobic on deadwood or conifers | T-05 & T-06 | AJK | Present study |
85 | M. deliciosa Fr | Morchellaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food and medicinal | On humus-rich soil | T-02 | AJK | Present study |
86 | M. costata Pers | Morchellaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food and medicinal | On leaf litter | T-04 | Pak | [72] |
87 | M. conica Pers | Morchallaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food and medicine | under grass and conifers | T-07 | Pak | [72] |
88 | M. esculenta Pers | Morchallaceae | Edible/medicinal | Used in cough and cold, highly medicinal | Saprobic on deadwood of hardwoods or conifer | T-08 | AJK | [69] |
89 | M. elata Fr | Morchallaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food and medicinal | On grasses | T-09 | Pak | [72] |
90 | Marasmius abrubtipes Corner | Marasmiaceae | Inedible | Not used | On humus-rich soil | TS-65 | AJK | Present study |
91 | M. abundans Corner | Marasmiaceae | Inedible | Not used | On leaf litter | TS-66 | AJK | Present study |
92 | M. rotula (Scop.) Fr | Marasmiaceae | Inedible | Not used | Saprobic on deadwood, hardwoods of conifer | TS-68 | AJK | Present study |
93 | M. strictipes (Peck.) Singer | Marasmiaceae | Inedible | Not confirmed | Saprobic on deadwood of hardwoods or conifer | TS-69 | AJK | Present study |
94 | M. acerinus Peck | Marasmiaceae | Inedible | Not confirmed | On grasses | TS-70 | AJK | Present study |
95 | Pleurotus dryinus (Pers.) P. Kumm | Pleurotaceae | Edible when young | Consumed as food and medicinal | Saprobic, growing on oaks | TS-72 | AJK | present study |
96 | P. ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm | Pleurotaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic on wood | TS-65 | AJK | [75] |
97 | Pholiota brunnescens A.H. Sm. & Hesler | Strophariaceae | Inedible | Not consumed | Saprobic on wood | TS-212 | AJK | Present study |
98 | Polyporus septosporous P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden | Polyporaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food | Saprobic on decaying hardwood logs, etc. | TS-213 | AJK | Present study |
99 | Ramaria fennica (P. karst.) Ricken | Gomphaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal with hardwoods | TS-214 | AJK | Present study |
100 | R. barenthalensis Franchi & M | Russulaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with trees and shrubs | TS-215 | AJK | Present study |
101 | R. stricta (Pers.) Quel | Gomphaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal and Saprobic | TS-216 | AJK | Present study |
102 | Rhodocollybia butyracea (Bull.) Lennox | Omphalotaceae | Inedible | Not consumed | Saprobic, decomposing the litter of conifers | TS-217 | AJK | Present study |
103 | Russula amoenolens Romagn | Russulaceae | Conditionally edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with hardwoods and conifers | TS-218 | AJK | Present study |
104 | R. brevipes Peck | Russulaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with conifers | TS-219 | Pakistan | [71] |
105 | R.cinereovinosa Fatto | Russulaceae | Inedible | Inedible | Mycorrhizal with conifers, fir | TS-220 | AJK | Present study |
106 | R. collina Velen Frost | Russulaceae | Inedible | Inedible | Mycorrhizal with hardwoods and conifers | T-46 | AJK | Present study |
107 | R. cremoricolor Earle | Russulaceae | Unknown | Not clear | Mycorrhizal, mixed forests | T-47 | AJK | Present study |
108 | R. cystidiosa Murrill | Russulaceae | Unknown | Not clear | Mycorrhizal with oaks | T-48 | AJK | Present study |
109 | R. delica Fr | Russulaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Found under broadleaved and coniferous wood | T-49 | AJK | Present study |
110 | R. densifolia Secr. ex Gillet | Russulaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with conifers | PS-34 | AJK | Present study |
111 | R. fragrantissima Romagn | Russulaceae | Inedible | Inedible | Mycorrhizal with hardwoods and conifers | PS-35 | AJK | Present study |
112 | R. integra (L). Fr | Russulaceae | Conditionally edible | Inedible | Mycorrhizal with hardwoods and conifers | ND-09 | AJK | Present study |
113 | R. acriuscula Buyck | Russulaceae | Edible/med | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with hardwoods and conifers | ND-10 | AJK | Present study |
114 | R. tenuiceps Kauffman | Russulaceae | Inedible | Inedible | Mycorrhizal with oaks | ND-11 | AJK | Present study |
115 | R. violacea Quel | Russulaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with hardwoods and conifers | ND-12 | AJK | Present study |
116 | Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda)Th. Fr | Rhizopogonaceae | Medicinal | Consumed as food | Ectomycorrhizal fungus | ND-16 | Bagh AJK | Present study |
117 | Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel, | Boletaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with pines | ND-17 | AJK | Present study |
118 | S. luteus (L.) Roussel | Suillaceae | Edible | Not consumed | Mycorrhizal with pines | ND-19 | Pakistan | [68] |
119 | Suillellus luridus (Schaeff.) Murrill | Boletaceae | Conditionally Edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal with pines and other hardwoods | ND-20 | AJK | Present study |
120 | Scleroderma bovista, Fr | Sclerodermataceae | Inedible | Inedible | Saprobic on the ground, mycorrhizal with hardwoods | PHM-07 | Kaghan Valley | [72] |
121 | S. citrinum Pers | Sclerodermataceae | medicinal/poisonous | Consumed as food | Attached to soil my mycelial cords | PHM-08 | Bagh AJK | Present study |
122 | Stromatinia rapulum (Bull.) Boud | Pezizaceae | Conditionally edible | Not consumed | Saprobic on well-decayed logs | PHM-12 | AJK | Present study |
123 | Sparassis spathulata (Schwein.) Fr | Sparassidaceae | Edible when young | Used as stomach tonic and food | Pathogenic and Saprobic | PHM-13 | AJK | Present study |
124 | S. crispa (Wulfen) Fr | Sparassidaceae | Edible/medicinal | Consumed as food/medicinal | Pathogenic and saprobic | PHM-14 | Pakistan | [70] |
125 | Tricholoma portentosum (Fr.) Quel | Tricholomataceae | Edible and medicinal | Consumed as food | On Coniferous woods and oaks | ND22 | AJK | Present study |
126 | Volvopluteus gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo | Pleurotaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, growing aggregates in gardens, lawns, woodchips, etc. | ND-27 | AJK/KPK | [72] |
127 | Volvariella volvaceae (Bull.) Singer | Pleurotaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, growing in woodchips | SG-07 | AJK/KPK | [72] |
128 | V. bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer | Pleurotaceae | Edible | Consumed as food | Saprobic, growing in woodchips | CHK-02 | AJK/KPK | [72] |
129 | Verpa bohemica (Krombh.) J. Schroet | Helvellaceae | Conditionally edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal. Found under hardwoods and conifers in early spring | PC-01 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
130 | V. conica (O.F. Müll.) Sw | Helvellaceae | Conditionally edible | Consumed as food | Mycorrhizal. Found under hardwoods and conifers in early spring | CHK-02 | Neelum AJK | Present study |
131 | Xerocomellus chrysenteron (Bull.) Å utara | Boletaceae | Edible | Food | Mycorrhizal with oaks and conifers | CHK-03 | AJK | Present study |