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Table 3 Breadfruit vernacular names and descriptions in the Caribbean as reported in the literature, and observed in in situ collections and recorded in the present study

From: Folk nomenclature and traditional knowledge of breadfruit [Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg] diversity in four Anglophone Caribbean countries

No

Vernacular names

Country/Island

Descriptions based on respondents

Descriptions based on literature search

References

1

Banbran

Jamaica

ND

Fruits are round and small

[3, 16]

2

Banjam

Jamaica

Fruits are large with white to pale yellow flesh and very rough skin, bear throughout the year and easy to cook

ND

[16]

3

Black Breadfruit

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Fruits are large, round with smooth skin

Fruit are oval with relatively rough and light green skin

[13]

4

Bois Pain

St. Lucia

ND

Medium-sized fruit with yellow flesh

(12)

5

Brambram*

Jamaica

Large fruits with smooth textured pulp, very rough skin and easy to roast

ND

ND

6

Butter Breadfruit

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Small to large round fruit. Pulp color is very yellow and excellent texture

Fruits are subglobose, have relatively rough green skin

[13]

7

Butterheart

St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Tobago

Small to large round fruit. Pulp color is very yellow and excellent texture

Fruits are subglobose, have relatively rough green skin

[13]

8

Captain Bligh

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Medium-sized fruit with yellow pulp and excellent for cooking. Leaves have very deep sinuses

Subglosoe fruit with fairly rough and light green skin. Leaves have thin lobes

[3, 12, 13]

9

Cassava

Jamaica

Medium sized oval fruit with a yellow pulp. Easy to cook. Leaves have very deep sinuses

Small to medium size fruit with pale yellow pulp with good flavor and long shelf life. Leaves have deep sinuses, and sometimes there is sub-lobing

[15, 16, 31]

10

Cocobread

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Very large fruit with smooth skin, easy to cook and has an excellent mouth-feel

Large oval fruit, with very smooth skin and yellow flesh. Wrinkled leaves

[3, 12, 13]

11

Common

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Smooth skin, yellow flesh, easy to cook. Very popular

Smooth to rough skin, yellow fleshed fruit

[3, 13, 16]

12

Chouf chouf*

Tobago

Round, medium-sized fruit with very rough skin and creamish to white pulp that is easy to cook

ND

ND

13

Couscous*

Jamaica

Medium to large round or oval fruit with very rough skin. Creamish to a pale-yellow pulp. Easy to cook. Leaves are wrinkled

ND

ND

14

Creole

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Smooth skin, yellow flesh, easy to cook. Very popular

Round smooth, light green skin

[12, 13]

15

Dessert

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Large fruit with thick yellow pulp and very easy to cook

Oval fruit with fairly smooth yellow green skin

[13]

16

England

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Medium-sized fruit with yellow pulp and excellent for cooking. Leaves have very deep sinuses

Subglosoe fruit with fairly rough and light green skin. Leaves have thin lobes

[3, 12, 13]

17

Finey*

Jamaica

Small to medium fruit, round or oval fruit with yellow to bright yellow pulp. Easy to roast and of very good eating-quality

ND

ND

18

Floater

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Large fruit with smooth skin and yellow pulp

Large round fruit with smooth skin and yellowish cream pulp

[13]

19

Green Skin

Grenada

ND

Medium-sized fruit, yellow flesh

[12]

20

Hard Nature*

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Medium sized rough-skinned fruit with white to a creamish pulp. Hard to cook

ND

ND

21

Hogpen

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Large round fruit, smooth skin, thick yellow pulp. Easy to cook

Medium sized round fruit with smooth, light green skin, yellowish cream pulp

[13]

22

Hope Marble

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Small round fruit with smooth skin, and yellow to very yellow pulp. Very easy to cook

Small, subglobose fruit with smooth green skin and light-yellow pulp

[13, 16, 31]

23

Kashee Bread

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Medium to large oval fruit, with very, very rough skin and yellow flesh. Leaves are lopsided and drooping

Medium sized, spiny fruit; yellow flesh. Wrinkled or puckered and drooping leaf

[12, 13]

24

Kele kele

French colonies in the Caribbean

ND

Seedless

[3]

25

Koshi

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

ND

Large, round, and rough skinned. Yellow flesh with excellent eating-quality

[3]

26

Lawyer Caine

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Medium sized, oval fruit with slightly yellow pulp. Fairly easy to cook

Medium sized, round fruit with smooth, light yellow green skin and yellowish cream pulp

[13]

27

Liberal

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Round fruit with creamish pulp. Easy to cook. Bears off-season

Oval fruit with fairly rough, light green skin and pale cream pulp

[13]

28

Lulu

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Very large fruit, with rough skin. Easy to cook and roast

Large, oval with rough to spiny green skin and whit to cream pulp

[13]

29

Macca

Jamaica

Large fruits with smooth, soft textured, pale yellow-to-yellow pulp, very rough skin and easy to roast. Has good eating-quality

Fruits are medium to large, round or oval and skin has very pronounced raised polygons resulting in a rough surface. Pulp color if pale yellow to bright yellow with good eating-quality

[15, 16, 32]

30

Man Bread

Jamaica

Large oval fruit with smooth to slightly rough skin, yellow to very yellow pulp and easy to cook

ND

ND

31

Mary Grace*

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Round or oval fruit, with smooth skin, creamish pulp with firm texture and good for roasting

ND

ND

32

Massa

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Large, round, smooth skin and white pulp

Medium-sized fruit white flesh; smooth to slightly rough

[12, 13]

33

Monkey Breadfruit*

Jamaica

Round, medium-sized fruit with very rough skin and creamish to yellow pulp that is easy to cook

ND

ND

34

Old wind

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

ND

Medium sized round fruit with smooth, light yellow-green skin and yellowish cream pulp

[13]

35

Ordinary

St. Lucia

ND

Medium-sized fruit, yellow flesh

[12]

36

Pika

Grenada

ND

Medium sized, spiny fruit with yellow flesh. Wrinkled or puckered and drooping leaf

[12, 16]

37

Prickly Walled

Jamaica

ND

Fruit skin has elongated soft spines, and the cultivar is not very common

[14]

38

Ready Roast

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Medium to large fruit with thick yellow pulp and very easy to cook

Oval fruit with fairly smooth yellow-green skin

[13]

39

Red Bread*

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Large, oblong fruit with slightly rough skin and thick very yellow pulp

ND

ND

40

Sally Young

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Very large, round fruit with smooth to rough skin and creamish pulp. Easy to cook

Fruit are oval with slightly rough, light green skin and pale color pulp

[13]

41

Soursop

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Medium-sized fruit with very rough skin. White pulp and difficult to cook. Leaves are narrow and dull

Fruits are oval, with slightly rough, light green skin and pale cream pulp

[13]

42

Smooth Skin*

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Medium to large fruit with thick yellow pulp and very easy to cook

ND

ND

43

St. Kitts

Jamaica

Round, small to medium fruit with light yellow to yellow pulp, easy to cook. Leaves range from having one or two short lobes on the upper one-third to having no lobes

Fruits are oval or round and small to medium with pale yellow pulp. Leaves are entire with dentate margin

[14, 15]

44

Timor

Jamaica

Round, small to medium fruit with light yellow to yellow pulp, easy to cook. Leaves range from having one or two short lobes on the upper one-third to having no lobes

Fruits are oval or round and small to medium with pale yellow pulp. Leaves are entire with dentate margin

[31]

Fruits are small and very inferior. Leaves have very deep sinuses almost reaching the midrib

[3, 29]

45

White

St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada and St. Lucia

Large, round, smooth skin, and white pulp

Medium-sized fruit white flesh; smooth to slightly rough

[12, 13]

46

White Heart

Jamaica

Large, round, smooth skin, and white pulp

Small to very large fruit with white pulp, difficult to cook and poor flavor

[14, 15]

47

Yam Paine Blanc

Dominica

ND

Light green skin and cream flesh

[12]

48

Yam Paine Common

Dominica

ND

Medium-sized fruit, yellow flesh

[12]

49

Yam Paine Juane

Dominica

ND

Medium-sized fruit, yellow flesh

[12]

50

Yellow

Trinidad and Tobago and St. Kitts and Nevis

Medium to large fruit, round or oblong fruit with pale to bright yellow pulp. Easy to roast and have good eating-quality

Medium to large fruit, round or oblong fruit with pale to bright yellow pulp. Easy to roast and have good eating-quality

[31]

51

Yellow Heart

Jamaica

Medium to large fruit, round or oblong fruit with pale to bright yellow pulp. Easy to roast and have good eating-quality

Medium to large fruit, round or oblong fruit with pale to bright yellow pulp. Easy to roast and have good eating-quality

[14, 15]

  1. *Vernacular names first reported in this study, ND No data