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Table 4 Medical uses of plant species of the Aleksinac and Bor districts of eastern Serbia

From: Small regions as key sources of traditional knowledge: a quantitative ethnobotanical survey in the central Balkans

Scientific name

Part of the plant

Type of preparation

Medicinal purposes

Aleksinac

Bor

Aleksinac/Bor

Aleksinac

Bor

Aleksinac/Bor

Aleksinac

Bor

Aleksinac/Bor

Achillea clypeolata

 

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Maintaining general health condition, heart disorders, pulmonal diseases, stomach ailments, respiratory tract problems

 

Achillea millefolium♦

 

Whole plant#

  

Balm

  

Skin diseases

 
     

Ointment

  

Skin diseases

 
   

Aerial parts

 

Balm

  

Excessive bleeding, wounds and burns healing

 
     

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, circulation improvement

 
      

Infusion

Against inflammation and stomach disorders, calming effect

Headache, rheumatism, liver, pancreas and gallbladder ailments, respiratory system disorders, antibiotic

 
      

Tincture

Wound healing, massaging sore spots, reducing swelling after insect's sting

Rheumatism, liver, pancreas, gallbladder ailments, respiratory system disorders, antibiotic

 
 

Flowering apical parts

  

Infusion

  

Against enuresis nocturna, bladder and gynecological disorders

  
  

Flowers and leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Immune system strengthening, detoxification, against myoma and stomach diseases, improves appetite

 
  

Leaves#

  

Balm

  

Skin care, hemorrhage, wound healing

 
     

Juice from leaves

  

Wound healing

 
     

Tincture

  

Stomach disorders

 
     

Powder

  

Hemorrhage, healing bleeding wounds

 
     

Tincture

  

Varicose veins and circulation improvement

 
   

Flowers#

 

Tincture

  

Varicose veins and circulation improvement

 
      

Infusion

Wound rinse, bladder ailments, ovary diseases, antipyretic, reduction in excessive urination, anti-inflammatory activity, general health condition improvement

Throat and wound rinse, stomach ulcer, skin disorders, immune system strengthening, nausea, headache, migraine, asthma, reducing blood sugar levels, blood detoxification and strengthening, detoxification, nervous system diseases, blood pressure regulation, inhibition of blood clot formation, vaginal flushing, various rashes, liver, intestine and gallbladder disorders, healing bleeding wounds, cough, medical panacea, rash, purulent wounds

Gastric and respiratory disorders, bronchitis, menstrual cycle regulation

    

Tincture

  

Wound healing

  

Aesculus hippocastanum

 

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Against neuralgia, rheumatism, improving circulation

 
     

Oil extract

  

Rheumatism

 
  

Fruits

  

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, improving circulation

 
     

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, rheumatism

 
  

Fruits with capsule

  

Balm

  

Veins disorders

 

Agrimonia eupatoria♦

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Lowering blood pressure, against headache, throat inflammation and oral cavity wounds treatment by rinsing, urinary system, liver, gallbladder and stomach disorders, kidney stones

 
   

Flowers and leaves#

  

Infusion

Urinary tract infections

Detoxification

Kidney disorders

   

Leaves#

  

Infusion

 

Liver, spleen and heart ailments, against headache and sore throat, kidney and bladder disorders

Urinary system ailments

Alcea biennis *

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Intestinal diseases, inhalation against sinusitis

  

Alchemilla vulgaris♦

 

Leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Gynecological ailments, against vaginal discharge

 
  

Flowers and leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Gynecological ailments

 

Allium ursinum

Leaves

  

Tincture

  

Blood pressure regulation and reduction in elevated blood pressure

  

Althaea officinalis♦

Aerial parts#

  

Infusion

  

Bronchitis, dry cough

  
   

Roots

  

Maceration

Bronchitis, dry cough

Expectoration, throat inflammation, cough, respiratory tract disorders

 
    

Infusion

  

Against airways obstruction, against cough, expectoration, pulmonary diseases

  

Anthyllis vulneraria

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Blood cleansing

 
  

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Wound healing

 

Arctium lappa

 

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Painful spots, rheumatism, joint inflammation

 
     

Infusion

  

Against cough, diarrhea

 
  

Roots

  

Infusion

  

Elimination of heavy metals from organism, cancer cell inhibition, detoxification, reducing blood sugar levels

 
     

Tincture

  

Rheumatism

 

Arctium minus

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Heated on a stove or coated with vegetable oil for painful joints

  

Arum maculatum

 

Rhizome

  

Fresh, mixed with honey

  

Intestine ailments, digestion improvement, against hemorrhoids

 

Asarum europaeum

 

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Purulent wounds

 
     

Infusion

  

Kidney ailments

 

Asparagus officinalis

 

Roots

  

Infusion

  

Urinary tract ailments, kidney stones

 

Asplenium viride *

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

To cure fright

  

Betula pendula♦

  

Flowers#

  

Infusion

Male flowers are used for urinary tract and prostate ailments

Male flowers are used for detoxification, eliminating salt excess from blood vessels

 
  

Buds#

  

Infusion

  

Kidney diseases, eliminating kidney sand and limescale

 
   

Leaves

  

Infusion

Urinary tract infections

Kidney diseases, eliminating kidney sand, limescale and stones, urinary ducts inflammation, kidney cleansing

Urinary tract diseases

Calendula officinalis♦

 

Aerial parts#

  

Infusion

  

Intestinal mucosa and intestine inflammation, calming effects, liver and gallbladder inflammations, mucosa and intestine inflammation

 
     

Tincture

  

Intestinal mucosa and intestine inflammation

 
   

Flowers

  

Infusion

Against cold, detoxification, blood strengthening, blood vessels flexibility maintenance, bladder disorders

Blood cleansing, against ovary and breast cysts, cancer, kidneys diseases, circulation improvement

 
    

Tincture

  

Tumor prevention

  
     

Balm

  

Wounds and burns healing, skin problems, eczema, hand care, knee pain, injures

 
    

Ointment

  

Hemorrhoids, wounds and burns healing, inflammations

  
     

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, circulation improvement

 
 

Leaves#

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Purulent wounds, stings

  

Centaurium erythraea♦

  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

Calming effect, positive effect on stomach

Liver, pancreas and stomach diseases, blood vessels function regulation, pulmonary ailments, reducing blood sugar levels, appetite improvement, gallbladder ailments, blood cleansing, diabetes, heartburn, irregular menstrual cycle

 
     

Tincture

  

Diabetes, liver ailments

 
  

Flowers and leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Gastric function regulation

 
  

Flowers#

  

Infusion

  

Stomach diseases, diabetes, reducing blood sugar levels, blood vessels cleansing, fever

 

Chelidonium majus♦

Aerial parts

  

Maceration

  

Wounds rinse

  
 

Apical parts

  

Maceration

  

Benign tumor treatment

  
  

Flowers and leaves#

  

Tincture

  

Cells regeneration

 
   

Leaves#

Fresh

  

Ovaries and uterus cysts

  
     

Fresh, revetment

  

Eyesight improvement

 
     

Tincture

  

Against cancer

 
     

Bath

  

Painful legs, circulation improvement

 
      

Infusion

Strengthening immune system after tumors

Against cancer and metastasis, myoma, jaundice, gastric, liver, gallbladder treatment, ulcers, stomach disorders, psoriasis, gynecological problems, intestine function improvement, skin redness

 
   

Latex#

  

Fresh

Corn removal

Keratosis, face, cleansing, aging, hyperpigmentation, cataract

Against warts, skin ailments

Cichorium intybus

Whole plant

  

Decoction

  

Against diarrhea and dysentery

  
  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea, reducing blood sugar levels, jaundice, cirrhosis, weight regulation, liver cleansing, stomach, liver, gallbladder ailments

 
  

Peduncle

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea

 
  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea, stomach diseases

 
  

Flowers and roots

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea

 
   

Roots

 

Infusion

  

For better digestion, weight loss, against diarrhea

 
    

Decoction

  

Kidneys ailments, kidney sand, against diarrhea

  

Cornus mas

  

Fruits

 

Infusion

  

Heart disorders, digestive system disorders, blood strengthening, blood pressure regulation, complete blood count improvement, cold, diarrhea

 
      

Tincture

Positive effect on whole organism

Nausea, gastric ailments, diarrhea

 
     

Juice proveriti

  

Regulation of free toxic radicals in organism

 

Corylus colurna

 

Leaves

  

Fresh

  

Against swelling after snakebite

 

Cotinus coggygria

 

Twigs

  

Infusion

  

Burns, wounds on the feet and hands, increased concentration of sugar in the blood, gynecological problems, cells regeneration, prevention of metastases, hemorrhoids, kidney ailments, high blood pressure

 
     

Tincture

  

Against cancer

 
  

Bark

  

Infusion

  

Reducing gastric acid, mouthwash, cleansing the body of toxins, treatment of cancer, wound rinsing, against cancer, eczema rinse and intestine ailments

 
  

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Reducing gastric acid, mouthwash, cleansing the body of toxins, treatment of cancer

 

Crataegus monogyna♦

Fruits

  

Decoction

  

Blood pressure lowering

  
 

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Heart disorders, cardiovascular diseases treatment

  
 

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Heart disorders

  
 

Bark#

  

Decoction

  

Heart disorders

  

Cydonia oblonga

Leaves

  

Decoction

  

Against diarrhea

  

Cynodon dactylon

Whole plant

  

Infusion

  

Against hemorrhoids

  
 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Varicose veins treatment

  
 

Roots

  

Infusion

  

Expectoration, kidney sand, urinary infections, intestine cleansing

  

Datura stramonium♦

Leaves

  

Fresh

  

Wounds

  

Epilobium parviflorum

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Problems with the bladder, enlarged prostate, reducing pain in the bladder, as a diuretic, kidney diseases

 
  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Bladder inflammation, enlarged prostate

 

Equisetum arvense♦

  

Non-fertile aerial parts

  

Infusion

 

Urinary ducts ailments and inflammation, joints diseases, maintaining mineral balance, osteoporosis, urinary tract problems, diarrhea, detoxification, pulmonary and kidney cleansing, regulating uric acid level in blood, bladder sand and disorders, stopping nose bleeding, sclerosis, cancer prevention

Kidney diseases

     

Tincture

  

Massaging tired legs and arms

 
   

Fertile aerial parts#

 

Infusion

 

Urinary tract inflammation, urinary tract cleansing, kidney ailments, kidney sand elimination, bladder ailments, reduction in frequent urination, genital inflammation in women

  

Equisetum telmateia

Apical parts

  

Decoction

  

Decoction prepared together with corn silk and young ears of corn is used against kidney and urinary tract ailments

  

Eupatorium cannabinum

 

Whole plant

  

Infusion

  

Metabolism regulation, hormone stabilization

 
     

Tincture

  

Osteoporosis

 
  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Cholesterol level regulation

 
  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Kidney problems, metabolism regulation

 

Euphrasia officinalis

 

Whole plant

  

Infusion

  

Eye treatment

 
  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Treatment of eye diseases, cataracts

 

Filipendula hexapetala

 

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Blood vessels strengthening, stimulation, preventing cardiac arrest, stomach disorders treatment, heart disorders hypertension, treatment of kidney inflammation, as a diuretic

 
  

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Liver and kidney disorders

 
  

Roots

  

Infusion

  

Respiratory tract disorders

 

Fragaria vesca

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Immune system strengthening

  
   

Leaves

 

Fresh

  

Stomach ailments

 
      

Infusion

Heart disorders, general health condition improvement

Stomach problems, liver cleansing, against diarrhea, against cough, menstrual problems

 

Galium odoratum

 

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Respiratory tract inflammation, diuretic, blood cleansing, against migraine

 

Galium verum

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Against cancer, kidney problems, thyroid disorders, stomach diseases, headache, liver inflammation, respiratory tract disorders, hormonal stabilizer, regulation of female and thyroid hormones

 
     

Balm

  

Skin diseases

 
  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Bronchitis, pulmonary diseases

 
     

Balm

  

Skin cancer

 

Geranium robertianum

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Mouth and throat inflammation

 
     

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, circulation improvement

 
  

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Hormone regulation

 
     

Tincture

  

Hormone regulation

 

Hedera helix♦

 

Twigs#

  

Infusion

  

Hemorrhoids

 
  

Fruits#

  

Tincture

  

Rheumatism

 
   

Leaves

  

Infusion

Bronchitis, sore throat, against cough

Respiratory ailments, bladder inflammation, kidney and bladder stones and sand, hemorrhoids

 
     

Tincture

  

Respiratory ailments, rheumatism

 
     

Oil extract

  

Eczema

 

Helianthus tuberosus

Tuber

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Mumps

  

Hieracium pilosella

 

Whole plant

  

Infusion

  

Bladder inflammation, treatment of urinary disorders

 

Humulus lupulus♦

 

Fruits#

  

Infusion

  

Mental diseases, calming effect, insomnia

 

Hypericum perforatum♦

  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

Improve general health condition, stomach ailments

Calming effects, respiratory system disorders, depression

Stomach problems

     

Tincture

  

Depression, stomach ailments

 
     

Balm

  

Wound healing, burns, scratches, cuts

 
    

Oil extract

  

Wound healing

  
 

Flowering apical parts

  

Infusion

  

Stomach disorders, gastric ailments, gallbladder stones, antibacterial activity, gastric and intestine ulcer

  
    

Oil extract

  

Wounds, cuts, burns, gastric ulcer

  
   

Flowers#

  

Infusion

Gastritis, gastric disorders, cough, general health condition improvement, hemorrhoids, private areas rinse

Heartburn, gallbladder ailments, mouthwash, strengthening immunity, calming effect, pulmonary diseases, depression, gallbladder stones, detoxification, gynecological ailments, kidney sand, medical panacea, digestive system disorders, general health condition improvement, throat rinsing against bed wetting, infections, bladder inflammation and diseases, cold

Gastric ulcer, stomach pain, urinary tract infections, throat inflammation

    

Tincture

  

Wounds, calming effect in stressful situations

  
    

Oil extract

  

Wounds, burns, skin diseases, problematic moles, improve general health condition, bruises, cuts, against vaginal discharge, inflammation, gynecological ailments, surgery incision healing, scars, hemorrhoids, muscle spasm

  
     

Balm

  

Burns, decubitus wounds, cuts, face eczema, scratches, injuries, bee and wasp stings, wounds healing

 
  

Flowers and leaves#

  

Oil extract

  

Wounds

 
     

Balm

  

Burns, wounds

 

Juglans regia

Fruits

  

Tincture

  

Unriped fruits are used for regulation of thyroid gland, source of iodine, against gastric inflammation

  
 

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Function regulation of thyroid gland

  
    

Bath

  

Treatment of barren, pain release, bone diseases

  

Kickxia elatine *

Whole plant

  

Infusion

  

Against enuresis nocturna in children

  
 

Aerial parts

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Skin cuts and wounds treatment

  

Linaria vulgaris

 

Aerial parts

  

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, circulation improvement

 
  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Detoxification, liver and spleen ailments, elimination of excess water from organism

 
     

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, circulation improvement

 

Loranthus europaeus

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Blood pressure regulation, circulation improvement

  

Lythrum salicaria♦

Flowering aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea in children

  
  

Apical parts

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Against itch, skin redness

 

Malus sylvestris

  

Fruits

  

Vinegar

Reducing cholesterol levels in blood

Varicose veins, fever, pain in legs

 

Malva sylvestris♦

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Against cough

  

Melilotus albus

 

Aerial parts

  

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, circulation improvement

 

Melilotus officinalis♦

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

As diuretic, against migraine, respiratory tract disorders, regulation digestion, liver and gallbladder disorders

 
     

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, circulation improvement

 

Melissa officinalis♦

  

Aerial parts#

  

Infusion

Against cold, calming effect

Stomach disorders, painful and irregular menstruation, sleep improvement, positive effect on nervous system

 
  

Apical parts#

  

Infusion

  

Calming effect

 
  

Flowers#

  

Infusion

  

Heart function regulation

 
  

Flowers and leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Immune system strengthening

 
  

Juice from leaves#

     

Dried and irritated skin

 
   

Leaves

  

Infusion

 

Against insomnia, relaxing effect, nausea, sleep improvement, mental illness, nervousness, tiredness, heart ailments, pulmonary ailments

Calming effect, stomach disorders

Mentha longifolia

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Stomach ailments

 
     

Tincture

  

Stomach ailments

 
 

Flowering apical parts

  

Infusion

  

Stomach disorders

  
  

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Against insomnia, nausea, stomach ailments, calming effect, pharynx inflammation, sinusitis

 

Ononis spinosa♦

Roots

  

Infusion

  

Heart disorders

  
    

Decoction

  

Eliminating kidney sand and gallbladder stones

  

Origanum vulgare♦

  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

Calming effect, improve appetite

Against cough, cold, relaxing effects, detoxification, against bacteria Escherichia coli in urine, urinary ducts infections, triglycerides levels regulation, antifungal effect against Candida, regulation fat, chest pain

Urinary tract inflammation

 

Flowering apical parts

     

Calming effect

  
  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Against cold, cough, throat inflammation, stomach problems, calming effect

 
  

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Relaxing effect, detoxification, disease prevention, gastric problems

 
  

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Lowering gastric acid levels

 

Paliurus spina-christi

Fruits

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea

  

Petasites albus*

Whole plant

  

Decoction

  

Urinary tract inflammation

  

Petasites hybridus

 

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Painful spots, back and knee pain, joint dislocation, sprains

 
  

Roots

  

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, circulation improvement

 

Physalis alkekengi

Fruits

  

Fresh

  

Ear pain

  
    

Maceration

  

Ear pain

  

Pinus nigra

 

Shoots

  

Syrup

  

Made from young shoots is used for pulmonal diseases

 
 

Pollen

  

Mixed with honey

  

Pneumonia, bronchitis, particularly in children, expectoration

  
  

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Respiratory tract disorders, bronchitis

 
     

Bath

  

Detoxification, painful legs, circulation improvement

 

Plantago lanceolata♦

Whole plant#

  

Infusion

  

Throat and tonsils inflammation

  
   

Leaves

Fresh

  

Cuts, wounds, pus removal

  
      

Infusion

Gastric ulcer, general health condition improvement

Gastritis, pulmonal diseases, urinary tract disorders, prostate problems

 
      

Mixed with honey

 

Pulmonal diseases

Expectoration

Plantago major

 

Juice from leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Injuries, reducing swelling after bee sting, wounds

 
   

Leaves

 

Fresh

  

Heartburn, gastritis

 
      

Fresh, revetment

Ingrown hairs, skin ulcers

Burns, callus on heel, injuries, swollen feet, painful spots, clavus, sting mosquitoes, rheumatism, hemorrhage, animal bites, cuts, skin inflammation

Purulent wounds, wound healing, inflammation after sting

      

Infusion

Stomach pain, against frequent urination, general health condition improvement

Nausea, stomach ailments, cough, pulmonary diseases, kidney and bladder ailments, sore throat, against bacteria Escherichia coli, expectoration, gastric mucosa regeneration, digestion improvement, asthma, bronchitis

Gastric ulcer

     

Fresh mixed with honey

  

Stomach problems, pulmonary diseases, expectoration, vocal cords ailments

 
     

Balm

  

Decubitus wounds

 

Polygonum aviculare♦

 

Whole plant#

  

Infusion

  

Heart disorders, kidney disorders, kidney and gallbladder stones

 
   

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

Bladder disorders, treatment of polycystic ovaries, improving brain circulation

As diuretic, rheumatism, kidney cysts, pulmonary disorders, stomach pain

 

Potentilla reptans

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea

  

Prunella vulgaris♦

Aerial parts#

  

Infusion

  

Stomach diseases

  
 

Flowering apical parts#

  

Infusion

  

Eyewash

  

Prunus spinosa

  

Fruits

  

Fresh

  

Stomach problems

     

Infusion

  

Asthma, anemia, against diarrhea, stomach diseases, complete blood count improvement

 
     

Wine

  

Anemia

 
     

Tincture

  

Strengthening immunity

 

Pulmonaria officinalis

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Pulmonary diseases, pneumonia, bronchitis

 
  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Pulmonary diseases

 
  

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Pulmonary diseases

 
   

Leaves

  

Infusion

 

Pulmonary diseases, against cold, flu

Bronchitis

Pyrus pyraster

 

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Against bacteria Escherichia coli in urine, urinary ducts infections

 

Quercus cerris

 

Bark

  

Infusion

  

Strengthening immunity, respiratory tract problems, urinary ducts, stomach ailments

 

Robinia pseudoacacia

 

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Expectoration, cold, pulmonary diseases

 
     

Balm

  

Rheumatism

 

Rosa canina♦

  

Fruits

  

Infusion

 

Medical panacea, against cold, immune system strengthening, kidney problems (elimination of sand and stone), calming effect, diarrhea, against virus, vitamin deficiency, fever, relaxing effects

Throat ailments, flu, cough

    

Maceration

  

Source of vitamin C

  
    

Decoction

  

Immune system strengthening, cold, blood pressure lowering, fever

  
     

Tincture

  

Immune system strengthening, oral cavity rinse and disinfection

 

Rubus plicatus

 

Fruits

  

Wine

  

Anemia, immune system strengthening

 
  

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Wound cleansing and healing, rheumatic pain

 
     

Fresh

  

Stomach disorders

 
     

Infusion

  

Against cough, blood cleansing, immune system strengthening, respiratory tract disorders, stomach ailments, urinary tract problems, appendicitis

 

Rubus ulmifolius

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Immune system strengthening

  
 

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Purulent wounds

  
    

Infusion

  

Heart and blood strengthening, cold, cough, throat and tonsils ailments

  

Rubus caesius

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Menstrual cycle regulation

  

Rumex acetosa

 

Leaves

  

Fresh

  

Stomach problems

 

Rumex crispus

 

Seeds

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea in children and adults

 

Rumex patientia

 

Seeds

  

Infusion

  

Against diarrhea in children and adults

 

Salix alba

 

Bark

  

Infusion

  

Lowering elevated body temperature, liver, spleen and gallbladder ailments, diuretic, against headache, bladder diseases

 

Salix purpurea♦

Bark

  

Infusion

  

It is drunk after accidents, for bruises and wound healing

  
    

Decoction

  

Fever

  

Sambucus ebulus

Roots

  

Decoction

  

As revetment, for gallbladder stone

  

Sambucus nigra♦

  

Twigs#

  

Balm

Burns treatment

Wounds, scratches, wrinkles, acne, facial care, spider bite, allergies, hemorrhoids

 
   

Fruits#s

 

Fresh

  

Detoxification, complete blood count improvement

 
     

Wine

  

Pulmonary diseases, immune system strengthening

 
   

Flowers

  

Infusion

 

Asthma, flu, calming effect, throat ailments and inflammation, detoxification, respiratory tract problems, sweating improvement, expectoration, sneezing, pneumonia, stomach problems, strengthening immunity, blood pressure problems, relaxing effect

Against cough, cold, pulmonary problems, bronchitis, fever

     

Syrup

  

Against cough, immune system strengthening

 
  

Flowers and leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Bronchitis, stomach diseases

 

Satureja subspicata

 

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Stomach problems, bronchitis

 
  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Against cold, gastric ailments, strengthening immunity, pulmonary diseases, against cough, stomach discomfort

 

Sempervivum tectorum â–²

 

Leaves

  

Fresh

  

Against headacheâ–², lowering blood sugar, heartburn, stomach problems, lowering triglyceride levels cancer prevention

 
     

Fresh, revetment

  

Wounds, injuries, burns,

 
     

Fresh, mixed with honey

  

Liver problems, detoxification, against cysts (breast cysts) and tumors

 
  

Juice from leaves

  

Fresh

  

Ear pain, injuries, skin wounds, fat in the ears

 

Stachys officinalis

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Respiratory tract problems, detoxification, asthma, bronchitis, flatulence

 
  

Aerial parts and flowers

  

Infusion

  

Stomach diseases,

 
  

Flowers

  

Balm

  

Decubitus wounds

 
  

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Regeneration of all cells in body, against cysts, stomach diseases, cleansing intestine

 
  

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Wounds healing

 
     

Infusion

  

Stomach ailments, immune system strengthening, pulmonary diseases, against cancer, tumors, cysts on kidneys

 

Symphytum officinale

  

Leaves

 

Fresh, revetment

  

Wounds, inflammation, gout, sprains, fracture, joint ailments

 
     

Balm

  

Sprains, joint ailments

 
    

Ointment

  

Treatment of closed wounds

 

Varicose veins

   

Roots

 

Infusion

  

Rheumatism, heel callus removal, general health condition improvement, bones pain

 
      

Tincture

Joints inflammation, against leg pain, treatment of closed wounds, varicose veins

Rheumatism, osteoporosis, heel callus removal, all types of hematomas, meniscus injury, capillary problems, treatment of digestive system (intestine, stomach problems)

 
     

Ointment

  

Gout, against pain, varicose veins

 
     

Balm

  

Rheumatism, ligament injury, cartilage restoration, arthrosis, bone pain, muscle braking, joint dislocation, sprains

 
     

Fresh, revetment

  

Painful spots

 
     

Tincture

  

Varicose veins, regulation of circulation

 

Tanacetum vulgare

 

Flowering apical parts of plant

  

Infusion

  

Improving appetite, stomach strengthening, kidney stones and sand elimination, diuretic

 
  

Leaves

  

Fresh, revetment

  

Placed on eyes and forehead for reducing headache

 

Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia ♦▲

 

Flowers#

  

Infusion

  

Detoxification, liver, gastric, pulmonary ailments, face washingâ–², jaundiceâ–²

 
     

Tincture

  

Liver cleansing

 
  

Peduncle#

  

Fresh

  

Diabetes

 
  

Leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Menstrual cycle regulation, diuretic

 
     

Tincture

  

Wound rinse, endometrial polyps, positive effect on vocal cordsâ–²

 
     

Fresh

  

Detoxification, heartburn, gastric cancer

 
  

Roots

  

Infusion

  

Blood strengthening, against breast cancer, stomach and liver diseases, throat ailments, problems with urinary ducts, appetite improvement, blood cleansing, menstrual cycle regulation, diuretic, detoxification, gynecological ailments, inflammations, immune system strengthening, against malignancies

 
     

Tincture

  

Liver cleansing and ailments, against malignancy

 
     

Powder

  

Liver ailments

 

Teucrium chamaedrysâ–²

  

Aerial parts

 

Infusion

  

Stomach, pancreas, liver and spleen disorders, respiratory diseases, improving digestion, cataract treatmentâ–², eye ailmentsâ–², against nausea, reducing blood sugar levels, weight loss, stomach acid reduction, gastric ulcer,

Gastric disorders

  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Heartburn, gastric disorders, against cough, improving appetite

 
  

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Gastric, liver and gallbladder disorders, improving digestion, blood pressure regulation, reducing blood sugar levels, against asthma

 

Teucrium montanum

 

Whole plant

  

Infusion

  

Medical panacea

 
  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Detoxification, immune system strengthening, headache, stomach ailments, improving appetite, digestive and respiratory system disorders

 
     

Tincture

  

Improving appetite

 
  

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

For better appetite, against cold

 
     

Tincture

  

For better appetite, against cold

 

Thymus serpyllum♦

 

Whole plant#

  

Infusion

  

Calming effect, digestion regulation, stomach ailments, medical panacea

 
  

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Calming effect, headache, pneumonia, bronchitis, relaxing effect, pulmonary problems, cough, stomach ailments, respiratory tract disorders, vertigo, migraine, physical weakness, vaginal secret elimination, disinfection, asthma

 
     

Tincture

  

Massaging head against headache

 
     

Syrup

  

Immune system strengthening, cough

 
  

Flowers#

  

Infusion

  

Calming effect, blood vessels cleansing, digestion regulation, gastric and pulmonal disorders, throat inflammation, cough, bronchitis, detoxification

 
     

Oil extract

  

Relaxing effect

 
  

Flowers and leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Calming effect, against cold and cough

 

Tilia platyphyllos♦

  

Flowers

  

Infusion

Improve general health condition, relaxing effect

Throat inflammation, sneezing, respiratory diseases, against bacteria and viruses, immune system strengthening, medical panacea, pulmonary ailments, sedative, circulation improvement,

Against cold, cough, flu, fever, sweating improvement for fever reduction, calming effect, insomnia

  

Leaves#

  

Infusion

  

Improving sweating

 

Tussilago farfara

 

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Against cough

 
  

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Pulmonary problems

 
   

Leaves

 

Fresh, revetment

  

Nail treatment, painful spots

 
      

Infusion

Bronchitis

Respiratory problems, asthma, cough, pulmonal ailments, digestion regulation,

 
     

Syrup

  

Against cough, immune system strengthening

 

Trifolium pratense

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Hormonal stabilizer, thyroid gland hormones regulation, female hormones regulation

 
  

Flowers

  

Infusion

  

Against cancer, gynecological problems, hormonal stabilizer, regulation of female and thyroid hormones

 

Urtica dioica♦

Whole plant#

  

Infusion

  

Blood cleansing, nervousness reducing

  
   

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

Iron deficiency

Anemia, complete blood count improvement

Immune system strengthening

   

Apical parts

  

Infusion

Anemia, physical weakness, iron source

 

Immune system strengthening, iron deficiency

  

Apical parts and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Anemia, strengthening immunity

 
   

Seeds#

  

Mixed with honey

Anemia

Strengthening immunity, hemoglobin increasing, medical panacea

 
   

Leaves

Fresh, revetment

  

Pain relief

  
     

Powder

  

Wounds

 
      

Infusion

Iron deficiency

Strengthening immunity, circulation improvement, mood improvement, calming effects, pain in chest, blood strengthening, stomach problems, skin diseases, detoxification, complete blood count improvement, diuretic, urinary ducts ailments, kidney diseases

Anemia

   

Roots#

  

Infusion

 

Prostate ailments, strengthening immunity, blood cleansing, female reproductive system cancer

Anemia

     

Bath

  

Circulation improvement

 
    

Tincture

  

Anemia

  

Vaccinium vitis-idaea

 

Fruits

  

Mixed with honey

  

Immune system strengthening

 
  

Leaves

  

Infusion

  

Urinary tract and kidney ailments, against bacteria and Escherichia coli, regulation of uric acid in blood, kidney and urinary ducts inflammation, urinary ducts cleansing

 

Valeriana officinalis♦

 

Roots

  

Cold maceration

  

Calming effects, depression, tachycardia, headache, treatment of neuroses

 
     

Tincture

  

Against insomnia, calming effects

 

Verbascum thapsus♦

Whole plant#

  

Decoction

  

Against skin warts

  

Verbena officinalis♦

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Headache, as antibiotic, hormonal imbalance, kidney cleansing, bronchitis, liver treatment, bladder limescale elimination

 

Veronica officinalisâ–²

 

Aerial parts

  

Infusion

  

Immune system strengthening, blood vessels cleansingâ–², sleep improvement, calming effects

 

Viola odorata

Flowers and leaves

  

Infusion

  

Heart disorders

  

Xanthium spinosum*

Aerial parts

  

Decoction

  

Against diarrhea

  

Xeranthemum cylindraceum*

Aerial parts

     

Soaked with warm water and applied as a revetment on the back against fever

  
  1. * First time mentioned usage in Serbia; ♦ Plants are included in European Pharmacopoeia 8.0; # Plant parts are different from those cited in European Pharmacopoeia 8.0; ▲ New usage of well known traditional plants