Cross-cultural diversity analysis: traditional knowledge and uses of freshwater fish species by indigenous peoples of southern Punjab, Pakistan

Iqbal, Khalid Javed; Umair, Muhammad; Altaf, Muhammad; Hussain, Tanveer; Ahmad, Rana Manzoor; Abdeen, Sayed Muhammad Zain Ul; Pieroni, Andrea; Abbasi, Arshad Mahmood; Ali, Shahzad; Ashraf, Sana; Amjad, Naila; Khan, Abdul Majid; Bussmann, Rainer W.

doi:10.1186/s13002-022-00573-1

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 1 Statistical analysis of ethnopharmacological uses of fishes of South Punjab

From: Cross-cultural diversity analysis: traditional knowledge and uses of freshwater fish species by indigenous peoples of southern Punjab, Pakistan

Sr. No	Name	Code	Diseases	BPU	MOA	Ip	Iu	UV	FL	RPL	ROP	Previously reported diseases	References	SI
1.	Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), Grass carp, Grass carp	CIGG	Eyesight, cough, cold, joint and backbone pain	Whole body	Oral	65	43.00	0.66	66.15	0.98	65.1	Sexual power, joint pain, backbone pain, enhance memory, energy, cold	[10, 75, 76]	0.25
2.	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844), Silver carp, Silver carp	HMSC	Eyesight, cough, cold, night blindness, joint and backbone pain	Whole body	Oral	70	37.00	0.53	52.86	1.00	52.86	Night blindness, fever, eyesight, cough, cold, backbone pain	[10, 17]	0.83
3.	Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Common carp, Gulfam	CCCG	Eyesight, cough, cold, night blindness, joint, backbone pain	Whole body	Oral	72	45.00	0.63	62.50	1.00	62.50	Sexual power, overweight, lumbago, erysipelas, memory, energy, cold, CNS	[49, 76]	0.08
4.	Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822), Rohu, Roho	LRRR	Eyesight, cough, cold, joint and backbone pain	Whole body	Oral	61	33.00	0.54	54.10	0.92	50.00	Weakness, rheumatic pain, cold, urine problem, stomachache, enhance memory, energy, sexual power,	[17, 76,77,78,79]	0.07
5.	Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822), Great snakehead, Sol	CMGH	Cough, impotency	Whole body	Oral	58	7.00	0.12	12.07	0.88	10.61	Hemoglobin, memory, energy, sex power, cure cold, joint pain, rheumatic pain	[17, 20, 77, 78, 80]	0
6.	Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793), Spotted snakehead, Dola	CPSH	Impotency, weakness	Whole body	Oral	51	44.00	0.86	86.27	0.77	66.67	Malaria, joint pain, cold, sexual power, enhance energy, appetite, body pain, blood purification,	[17, 76, 78, 81, 82]	0
7.	Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Nile tilapia, Tilapia/Chira machhli	ONNT	Body weakness, chicken pox, skin burn	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	73	30.00	0.41	41.10	1.00	41.10	Vision, scorpion bite, abscesses, carbuncle, energy, sexual power, enhance memory	[17, 19, 49, 76]	0
8.	Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822), Rita, Khaga	RRRK	Skin burn	Whole body	Oral	69	22.00	0.32	31.88	1.00	31.88	Impotency, cold, joint issues, CNS, joint pain, enhance energy	[17, 76, 77]	0
9.	Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, 1822), Goonch, Foji Khaga	BBFK	Impotency, joint pain	Meat	Oral	53	12.00	0.23	22.64	0.80	18.18	Body pain, burns, stomach issues	[78, 83]	0
10.	Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède, 1800), Zig-zag eel, Baam machhali	MAZB	Impotency, joint pain	Meat	Oral	74	27.00	0.36	36.49	1.00	36.49	Sexual problems, weakness	[17]	0
11.	Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839), Giant river catfish, Sangari	SSGF	Chicken pox, joint pain	Meat	Oral	69	27.00	0.39	39.13	1.00	39.13			0
12.	Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), wallago catfish, Mali	WAWA	Joint pain	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	77	29.00	0.38	37.66	1.00	37.66	Liver tonic, pile, dysentery, memory, sexual issues, joint issues, liver, cold,	[76, 84,85,86]	0.12
13.	Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822), Batchwa vacha, Jhali	EVGB	Hepatitis	Meat	Oral	52	13.00	0.25	25.00	0.79	19.70	Joint pain	[10]	0
14.	Clupisoma garua (Hamilton, 1822), Garua bachcha, Bachhwa	CGGB	Joint pain	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	55	11.00	0.20	20.00	0.83	16.67	Joint pain	[10]	1
15.	Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769), Bronze featherback, But Pari	NNBFBP	Joint pain	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	71	47.00	0.66	66.20	1.00	66.20	Pain, chicken pox	[87, 88]	0
16.	Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland, 1839), Brahmaputra Labeo, Dambra	LDBLD	Body weakness, chicken pox	Meat	Oral	79	43	0.54	54.43	1.00	54.43			0
17.	Labeo boggut (Sykes, 1839), Minor carp, Mori	LBMCM	Joint pain	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	62	43	0.69	69.35	0.94	65.15			0
18.	Systomus sarana (Hamiliton, 1822), Olive barb, Mori	SSOBM	Joint pain	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	68	41	0.60	60.29	1.00	60.29			0
19.	Puntius punjabensis (F. Day, 1871), Ray-finned fish, Silver fish	PPRFS	Joint pain	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	74	26	0.35	35.14	1.00	35.14			0
20.	Aspidoparia morar (Hamiliton, 1822), Aspidoparia, Dahi Machli	AMAD	Stomach infection	Meat	Oral,	55	19	0.35	34.55	0.83	28.79			0
21.	Securicula gora (Hamiliton, 1822), Gora-chela, Karail fish	SGGCK	Skin burn	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	77	4	0.05	5.19	1.00	5.19			0
22.	Crossocheilus diplochilus (Heckel, 1838), Fringe barb, Pahari torki	CDFBPT	Joint pain	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	63	38	0.60	60.32	0.95	57.58			0
23.	Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède, 1800), Zig-zag eel, Baam machhali	MPBBM	Joint pain, impotency	Meat, skin, oil	Oral, topical	60	42	0.70	70.00	0.91	63.64			0
24.	Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1793), Butter Catfish, Mali	OBBCM	Asthma, spleen treatment	Meat	Oral	72	24	0.33	33.33	1.00	33.33			0
25.	Ompok pabda (Hamiliton, 1822), Pabdah Catfish, Palu, Mali	OPPCP	Asthma, spleen treatment	Meat	Oral	75	13	0.17	17.33	1.00	17.33			0
26.	Labeo gonius (Hamiliton, 1822), Angra lebeo, Kala sarru	LGALKS	Joint pain	Meat	Oral	53	4	0.08	7.55	0.80	6.06			0

BPU (body parts uses), MOA (mode of application), FC (frequency of citation), MD (medicinal use), UV (use value), RPL (relative popularity level), FL (fidelity level), ROP (rank-order priority)
^*Bold: Medical uses which are different than reported uses

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ISSN: 1746-4269

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