Changes in homegardens in relocation villages, a case study in the Baiku Yao area in Southern China

Hu, Renchuan; Xu, Chuangui; Nong, You; Luo, Binsheng

doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00578-4

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 1 Inventory of homegarden plants in Baiku Yao area

From: Changes in homegardens in relocation villages, a case study in the Baiku Yao area in Southern China

Scientific name	RFC	Voucher ID	Location	Vernacular name	Source	Family name	Life form	Usage	Use part	Use method
Zea mays L	0.93	HRC1035	HL, YS, DN, YZ	rong	Market, self-preservation	Poaceae	Herb	Staple food, forage, brewing	Seed, tender leaf	Ground seeds for polenta, cooked seeds for brewing; raw or cooked seeds and tender leaves as forage
Capsicum annuum L	0.87	HRC1046	HL, YS, DN, YZ	e biu	Market, self-preservation	Solanaceae	Shrub	Vegetable	Fruit	Stir-fried with meat or making dipping sauce
Morus alba L	0.87	HRC1004	HL, YS, DN, YZ	nong wo ze	Neighborhood	Moraceae	Tree	Forage, vegetable, fence, medicine	Root, leaf	Root: decoction to treat parasite and cough; leaf: externally for bone fracture; tender leaf as forage or vegetable
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl	0.68	HRC1005	HL, YS, DN, YZ	pi le	Neighborhood, market	Rosaceae	Tree	Fruit, medicine	Fruit, leaf	Leaf: externally for bone fracture, decoction to treat cough
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck	0.68	HRC105	HL, YZ	yan du	Self-preservation, market	Convolvulaceae	Herb	Forage, vegetable, medicine	Tender leaf	Making soup; raw or cooked as forage; externally used for centipede-bite
Solanum melongena L	0.68	HRC1045	HL, YS, YZ	ya gu	Market	Solanaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Fruit	Boiled with other vegetables; roasted to make dipping sauce
Glycine max (L.) Merr	0.67	HRC1055	HL, YS, DN, YZ	dao	Market, self-preservation, neighborhood	Fabaceae	Herb	Vegetable, forage	Seed	Stir-fried, boiled, or making tofu
Phaseolus vulgaris L	0.66	HRC1024	HL, YS, DN, YZ	dao mu	Self-preservation	Fabaceae	Liana	Vegetable	Fruit	Stir-fried
Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey.) O. Ktze	0.65	HRC1015	HL, YS, DN, YZ	ya pang ga ga	Market, neighborhood	Lamiaceae	Herb	Spice	Leaf	Add it when stewing meat
Cannabis sativa L	0.65	HRC86	HL, YS, YZ		Neighborhood, self-preservation	Cannabinaceae	Herb	Vegetable, medicine	Seed, tender leaf, whole plant	Seed: grinded for soup; tender leaf: for hotpot; whole plant: medicinal bath for unblocking meridians and treating paralysis
Brassica rapa var. oleifera de Candolle	0.62	HRC940	HL, YS, DN, YZ		Market	Brassicaceae	Herb	Vegetable, forage	Tender leaf	Eaten after boiled; cut, raw or boiled as forage
Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret	0.62	HRC951	HL, DN, YZ	gao	Self-preservation	Cucurbitaceae	Herb	Forage, vegetable	Fruit, seed, tender leaf	Fruit: cut, raw or boiled as forage; seed: stir-fried as a snack; tender leaf: eaten after boiled
Zingiber officinale Roscoe	0.6	HRC1051	HL, YS, YZ	a qiang	Self-preservation, neighborhood	Zingiberaceae	Herb	Spice	Stem tuber	Cook with the meat to remove the meaty smell
Allium sativum L	0.58	HRC1052	HL, YS, YZ	wo mie hou	Self-preservation, neighborhood	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Whole plant	Stir-fried with meat
Amaranthus tricolor L	0.58	HRC829	HL, YS, DN, YZ	wo niu	Self-preservation	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Forage, vegetable	Tender branch	Cut, raw or boiled as forage; eaten after boiled
Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara	0.57	HRC935	HL, DN, YS, YZ	ya weng	Neighborhood	Polygonaceae	Herb	Vegetable, forage	Tender leaf	Making soup, boiled as forage
Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Loureiro	0.57	HRC979	HL, YS, DN, YZ		Primary species	Oleaceae	Tree	Ornamental, medicine	Fruit, flower	Fruit: brewed in wine to nourish the kidneys, flower: brewed in wine to enhance the fragrance
Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis	0.56	HRC1022	HL, YS, YZ		Neighborhood	Basellaceae	Liana	Forage, vegetable	Leaf	Raw or boiled as forage; eaten after boiled
Broussonetia papyrifera (Linnaeus) L’Heritier ex Ventenat	0.52	HRC978	HL, YS, DN, YZ	ba jie	Primary species, wild	Moraceae	Tree	Forage	Tender leaf	Cut, raw or boiled as forage
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl	0.52	HRC1148	YS, DN, YZ	wo gu	Government	Lauraceae	Tree	Ornamental
Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott	0.52	HRC941	HL, YS, DN, YZ	wo bie	Wild, neighborhood	Araceae	Herb	Vegetable, forage	Petiole	Stir-fried after boiling as food; cut and boiled as forage
Solanum lycopersicum L	0.47	HRC1020	HL, YS, YZ	bi gua	Market, self-preservation	Solanaceae	Herb	Vegetable, medicine	Fruit, leaf	Eaten raw or stir-fried; making dipping sauce; mash and apply topically to treat burns or snakebites
Ficus microcarpa L	0.46	HRC1152	YS, DN		Market	Moraceae	Tree	Ornamental
Mentha canadensis Linnaeus	0.46	HRC942	HL, YS, DN, YZ	yie wo	Neighborhood	Lamiaceae	Herb	Spice, medicine	Tender leaf	Making dipping sauces or as a spice; Chew fresh leaf for sore gums
Zanthoxylum armatum DC	0.46	HRC932	HL, YS, YZ	zu ya	Primary species, wild	Rutaceae	Tree	Vegetable, spice, medicine, veterinary drug	Leaf, fruit, branch	Leaf: eaten after boiled; externally used for snakebite; fruit: stir-fried or making dipping sauces, chewed for sore gums; branch: smash with rice for animal plague
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt	0.45	HRC707	HL, DN, YS, YZ	deng huo jie	Self-preservation, neighborhood	Lamiaceae	Herb	Medicine, spice	Leaf	Steamed with eggs to treat diarrhea; making dipping sauce
Castanea mollissima Blume	0.42	HRC684	HL, DN, YZ	bi yi	Neighborhood, self-preservation	Fagaceae	Tree	Medicine, fruit	Fruit shell, fruit	Fruit shell: medicinal bath to treat itching; fruit: eaten after cooked
Bougainvillea glabra Choisy	0.41	HRC1106	YS, DN, HL		Market	Nyctaginaceae	Liana	Ornamental
Raphanus sativus L	0.41	HRC1048	HL, YS, YZ	guo bo a	Market	Brassicaceae	Herb	Vegetable, forage	Root tuber, leaf	Root tuber: eaten freshly or making "sweet water", leaf: eaten after boiled; whole plant: raw or boiled as forage
Zoysia japonica Steud	0.41	HRC1151	YS, DN		Market	Poaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Beta vulgaris var. cicla L	0.38	HRC1061	HL, YS, YZ	ya she	Market	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Vegetable, forage	Leaf	Eaten after boiled
Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort	0.36	HRC1034	HL, YZ		Market	Asteraceae	Herb	Vegetable	Leaf	Eaten after boiled
Prunus salicina Lindl	0.36	HRC1003	HL, YS, DN, YZ	pi	Neighborhood	Polygonaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit	Eaten after cooked
Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze	0.36	HRC72	HL, YS, YZ	yin zhei	Neighborhood	Acanthaceae	Herb	Dye, veterinary drug	Branch	Fermented and made into indigo mud for dye or sell; smash with wine, salt, mud and Gynura japonica leaf, externally applied to treat pig wound
Hibiscus syriacus L	0.35	HRC950	HL, YS, YZ	wo wai	Neighborhood	Malvaceae	Shrub	Forage, vegetable	Tender branch, tender leaf	Tender branch: cut, raw or boiled as forage; tender leaf: eaten after boiled
Pisum sativum L	0.33	HRC1040	HL, YS, YZ	da a lai	Market, self-preservation	Fabaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Fruit, tender leaf	Eaten after boiled
Ailanthus vilmoriniana Dode	0.32	HRC647	HL, YS, DN, YZ	gu zhou	Neighborhood, self-preservation	Simaroubaceae	Tree	Resist agent, making ox horn	Resin	Reserving agent: before the white cotton cloth is ready to dye blue indigo, paint the cotton cloth with sticky paste(resin) to prevent the part from being dyed, dry the cloth, then recycle the resin for the following year; ox horn: after boiling, mixed with the reticular fiber at the base of the palm petiole, cooled quickly and glued to the horn to make a loudspeaker tube
Allium hookeri Thwaites	0.32	HRC1023	HL, YS, DN, YZ	ya ma li	Neighborhood	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Leaf	Eaten after boiled
Alpinia japonica (Thunb.) Miq	0.32	HRC1139	YS, YZ	a giang zuo	Neighborhood	Zingiberaceae	Herb	Spice	Leaf	Add some leaves when cooking tofu
Cichorium intybus L	0.32	HRC1054	HL, YZ		Market	Asteraceae	Herb	Vegetable	Leaf	Eaten after boiled
Cymbopogon citratus (D. C.) Stapf	0.31	HRC1039	HL, YS, DN, YZ		Neighborhood	Poaceae	Herb	Spice, medicine	Leaf	Cook with fish or make dipping sauce; medicinal bath to relieve the heat; decoction with brown sugar to treat colds in children
Pinus massoniana Lamb	0.31	HRC51	DN	nong gua	Primary species	Pinaceae	Tree	Herbal tea, construction, ornamental	Pollen, stem	Pollen: make tea, it has the pine fragrance
Canna indica 'Edulis'	0.29	HRC106	HL, YZ	wu sao	Self-preservation, neighborhood	Cannaceae	Herb	Forage	Whole plant	Cut, raw or boiled as forage
Peristrophe japonica (Thunb.) Bremek	0.28	HRC581	YZ	zu miao	Neighborhood	Acanthaceae	Herb	Treating Gudu, medicine	Whole plant	Soaked in wine or decoction can treat stomachache or relieve Gudu
Allium fistulosum L	0.27	HRC1049	HL, YS, YZ	wo mie zha	Self-preservation	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Spice	Leaf	Making dipping sauce
Coix lacryma-jobi L	0.27	HRC1159	YS, HL		Market, neighborhood	Poaceae	Herb	Making jewelry	Seed	String seeds to make necklaces or bracelets
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr	0.26	HRC1018	HL, YS, YZ	bi lia	Neighborhood, market	Rutaceae	Tree	Fruit, religious rite	Fruit, branch	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening; branch: hang on the door to ward off evil spirits
Prunus persica L	0.25	HRC479	HL, YS, DN, YZ	bi sua	Neighborhood, market	Rosaceae	Tree	Religious rite, fruit	Fruit, branch	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening; branch: hung on the door to ward off evil spirits or for religious rites
Cucumis sativus L	0.23	HRC336	HL, YS, DN, YZ	gong ga	Self-preservation	Cucurbitaceae	Herb	Medicine, vegetable	Tender leaf, fruit	Tender leaf: decoction for diarrhea; fruit: vegetable
Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) Keng f	0.22	HRC1115	HL, YS, DN, YZ	a zei	Neighborhood	Poaceae	Herb	Vegetable, construction, religious rite	Stem, shoot	Shoot: stir-fried after boiling or after soaking in water; old stem: weaving
Bambusa vulgaris f. vittata (Riviere & C. Riviere) T. P. Yi	0.21	HRC1132	YS, DN		Government	Poaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Bambusa ventricosa McClure	0.2	HRC1154	DN		Government	Poaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Piper sarmentosum Roxb	0.2	HRC1114	YS		Wild, neighborhood	Piperaceae	Herb	Spice	Leaf	Stir-fried with meat or making dipping sauce
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi et Ohashi	0.2	HRC1099	YS, YZ	da mian	Self-preservation, neighborhood	Fabaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Seed	Eaten after boiled
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. F.) Nakai	0.18	HRC1044	HL, YS, YZ	bi gu	Neighborhood	Rosaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit	Fruit: eaten after cooked
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp	0.18	HRC1025	HL, DN, YZ	da(dao)	Self-preservation	Fabaceae	Liana	Vegetable	Fruit	Stir-fried
Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw	0.17	HRC325	HL, YS, YZ	zu ya niu	Market	Cactaceae	Shrub	Medicine, veterinary drug	Leaf	Mashed and external applied to treat inflammation, swelling, burn and scald; mashed and mixed into feed to treat animal plague
Bambusa eutuldoides McClure	0.16	HRC1180	YZ, HL		Neighborhood	Poaceae	Herb	Construction, religious rite	Stem	Bamboo weaving, or used as drum stick during religious rites
Coriandrum sativum L	0.16	HRC1157	DN, YZ		Market	Apiaceae	Herb	Spice	Leaf	Making dipping sauce
Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl	0.16	HRC1100	YS		Market	Oleaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc	0.16	HRC1036	HL, YS, YZ	wu sao	Neighborhood	Musaceae	Herb	Fruit, brewing, forage	Fruit, stem	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening; stem: chopped, mixed with yeast, sealed and fermented and distilled for wine; the lees can be forage
Phytolacca acinosa Roxb	0.16	HRC830	YS	zu ziong	Wild	Phytolaccaceae	Herb	Forage, medicine	Tender branch, root	Cut, raw or boiled as forage; root: stewed with meat for nourishing
Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth	0.16	HRC1019	HL, YS, YZ	jio bie nong	Neighborhood	Asparagaceae	Herb	Medicine	Leaf	Mashed and steamed with pig liver, taken orally to treat Gudu, stomach pain, angina
Senna surattensis (N. L. Burman) H. S. Irwin & Barneby	0.16	HRC1166	YS		Government	Fabaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch	0.15	HRC943	HL, YS, YZ	gei niao ge bie	Self-preservation, neighborhood	Araceae	Herb	Vegetable	Stem tuber	Mash it into powder and add gypsum for precipitation to make konjac tofu
Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czernajew	0.15	HRC1175	YS, HL, YZ	wo bie ou	Market	Brassicaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Leaf	Making soup
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet	0.15	HRC403	HL, YZ	da zuo a	Market, self-preservation	Fabaceae	Liana	Vegetable	Fruit	Making soup
Morella rubra Lour	0.15	HRC1031	HL, YS, DN, YZ	ge bou	Primary species	Myricaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening or soaked in wine
Rhamnus utilis Decne	0.15	HRC193	YS	nong ya	Primary species	Rhamnaceae	Shrub	Dye	Old stem	Boiled with water, mixed other dye plants for a yellow color
Dioscorea persimilis Prain et Burkill	0.14	HRC985	YS	du zai	Wild	Dioscoreaceae	Liana	Staple food, vegetable	Stem tuber	Peeled and stir-fried as food, or mashed with water before boiling
Disporopsis pernyi (Hua) Diels	0.14	HRC616	HL, YZ	zu nie	Neighborhood	Asparagaceae	Herb	Beauty, treating gudu	Whole plant	Medicinal bath for skin lightening; decoction for treating Gudu
Nicotiana tabacum L	0.14	HRC1087	YS, YZ	ran	Market	Solanaceae	Herb	Cigarette	Leaf	Dried and shredded, rolled into cigarettes
Persicaria runcinata var. sinensis (Hemsl.) Bo Li	0.14	HRC330	YZ	jio bao feng	Neighborhood	Polygonaceae	Herb	Medicine	Whole plant	Mashed and external applied to treat bruise and snakebite; cooked with chicken for postpartum recovery, or to treat infertility
Rosa chinensis Jacq	0.14	HRC1158	YS, YZ		Government	Rosaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Bambusa chungii McClure	0.13	HRC1032	HL	a mo a	Neighborhood	Poaceae	Herb	Vegetable, construction, religious rite	Tender shoot, old stem	The tender shoot is edible; the old stem can be used for weaving
Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth	0.13	HRC1145	YS		Market	Lythraceae	Herb	Ornamental
Hovenia acerba Lindl	0.13	HRC1169	HL, YS, YZ	bi zha	Neighborhood	Rhamnaceae	Tree	Ornamental, fruit	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening or soaked in wine
Maclura cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Corner	0.13	HRC982	HL	ya su	Primary species	Moraceae	Shrub	Forage, fence	Tender leaf	Cut, raw or boiled as forage; making fence
Platyosprion platycarpum (Maxim.) Maxim	0.13	HRC945	HL	lan dian mu	Primary species	Fabaceae	Tree	Ornamental, sacred tree, fertilizer	Leaf	Leaf: fermented as fertilizer
Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet	0.13	HRC1155	YS, DN	bo hui	Government	Podocarpaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Acorus tatarinowii Schott	0.12	HRC938	HL, YS, YZ		Neighborhood, wild	Acoraceae	Herb	Spice	Tender leaf	Stir-fried with meat or making dipping sauce
Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus	0.12	HRC1033	HL, YS, YZ		Market	Brassicaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Leaf	Eaten after stir-fried
Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels	0.12	HRC1178	YZ		Neighborhood	Rutaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening or making pickle
Clerodendrum bungei Steud	0.12	HRC811	YS	wa sou	Wild	Lamiaceae	Shrub	Veterinary drug, medicine	Whole plant, branch, root	Whole plant: detection orally taken by animal to treat animal plague; branch: medicinal bath to treat hemorrhoids; root: medicinal bath to treat snakebite; leaf: external rubbed to relieve itching; root: decoction and orally taken to treat hypertension, sinusitis, rectal cancer
Ficus altissima Blume	0.12	HRC1082	YS		Market	Moraceae	Tree	Ornamental, medicine	Leaf	Smash and use externally to treat a bone fracture
Juglans regia L	0.12	HRC701	HL, YS, YZ		Government	Juglandaceae	Tree	Medicine, nut	Leaf, fruit	Leaf: medicinal bath for itching; fruit: eaten directly after ripening
Ligustrum sinense Lour	0.12	HRC1167	YS, HL, YZ		Primary species	Oleaceae	Shrub	Ornamental, fence
Lycium chinense Miller	0.12	HRC944	HL, YZ		Neighborhood	Solanaceae	Shrub	Vegetable, forage	Tender leaf	Eaten after boiled; cut, raw or boiled as forage
Melia azedarach L	0.12	HRC1105	YS, YZ		Government	Meliaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch	0.12	HRC1163	YS		Market	Vitaceae	Liana	Ornamental
Prunus serrulata var. lannesiana (Carri.) Makino	0.12	HRC1156	DN		Government	Rosaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Rumex nepalensis Sprengel	0.12	HRC783	YZ		Neighborhood	Polygonaceae	Herb	Veterinary drug, medicine	Leaf, root tuber, whole plant	Leaf: mashed and external applied to treat cattle fall injury; whole plant: mashed and external applied to treat mumps; root tuber: decoction for sore throat
Vitex negundo L	0.12	HRC606	HL		Wild	Lamiaceae	Shrub	Treating gudu, medicine	Stem	Decoction or soaked in wine, orally taken to treat bruise, dysentery, dermatophytosis and Gudu
Vitis vinifera L	0.12	HRC1075	YS, YZ	bi gai	Market, neighborhood	Vitaceae	Liana	Fruit	Fruit, brewing	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening or making fruit wine
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott	0.11	HRC1176	YS, YZ	wo niang e	Self-preservation, neighborhood, market	Araceae	Herb	Vegetable, forage	Stem tuber, petiole, whole plant	Stem tuber: eaten after boiled, petiole: making pickle, then stir-fried or made into soup; the whole plant: cooked to make forage
Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook	0.11	HRC696	HL, DN, YZ	luo ji	Market	Cupressaceae	Tree	Medicine, construction, religious rite	Leaf, stem	Leaf: mashed and external applied to treat snakebite; old stem: used for construction, coffin and component of bronze drum
Euonymus japonicus Thunb	0.11	HRC1073	YS		Market	Celastraceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Luffa aegyptiaca Miller	0.11	HRC1057	HL, YS, YZ	guo bo a	Self-preservation, neighborhood	Cucurbitaceae	Liana	Vegetable, dish-washing	Fruit, tender shoot, loofah	Fruit, tender shoot: boiled with water before eaten; loofah can be used for dish-washing
Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem	0.11	HRC981	HL, YS, DN, YZ	ya you	Neighborhood	Meliaceae	Tree	Vegetable, dye	Tender leaf, bark	Tender leaf: blenched and then stir-fried with meat or eggs before eaten; bark: decocted until the water turned red, soaked the cotton in the decoction, then turned black after dried
Cupressus funebris Endl	0.1	HRC1153	DN, YZ	nong gua	Market, neighborhood	Cupressaceae	Tree	Ornamental, religious rite	Branch	Branch: hung the door to ward off evil spirits and for a religious rite
Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour	0.1	HRC98	HL, YZ	nei re	Wild	Dioscoreaceae	Liana	Dye	Stem tuber	Sliced up and decocted, soak cloth into the decoction, then sun-dried, repeated 3–4 times, to fix and brighten the cotton cloth
Firmiana simplex (Linnaeus) W. Wight	0.1	HRC639	HL, YZ	jiu ceng pi	Government	Malvaceae	Tree	Making rope	Bark	Peeled and soaked in water for about a week, and then take the inner layer of white skin to dry to make rope
Hippeastrum vittatum (L'Her.) Herb	0.1	HRC1108	YS, YZ		Neighborhood, market	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Lactuca sativa var. angustata Irish ex Bremer	0.1	HRC1021	HL, DN, YZ		Market	Asteraceae	Herb	Vegetable	Leaf	Eaten after boiled
Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco	0.1	HRC980	HL, YZ	lu ya(nong gua)	Neighborhood	Cupressaceae	Tree	Religious rite, sacred tree, construction	Old stem	The old stem can be used to make looms
Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley	0.1	HRC568	YZ	mi la	Wild	Rutaceae	Tree	Medicine, veterinary drug	Branch, fruit	Branch: decocted for internal administration to treat animal plague, fruit: orally taken with water can aid digestion
Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don	0.09	HRC1160	YS		Market	Bignoniaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Lagerstroemia indica L	0.09	HRC1027	HL, YZ		Market	Lythraceae	Tree	Ornamental
Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl	0.08	HRC1172	YS		Market	Araceae	Herb	Ornamental
Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr	0.08	HRC144	YS	qi jie mei	Wild	Asparagaceae	Herb	Medicine	Root tuber	Cooked with porridge; soaked in wine, and orally taken to treat impotence
Canna indica L	0.08	HRC788	HL, YZ		Market	Cannaceae	Herb	Medicine	Whole plant	Minced and cooked with meat
Curcuma longa L	0.08	HRC552	YZ	gang	Wild	Zingiberaceae	Herb	Medicine, dye	Root tuber	Mashed and external applied to treat a bruise, hepatitis, or for wound healing; meshed and soaked in water to dye white silk for the yellow color
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver	0.08	HRC353	YZ		Government	Eucommiaceae	Tree	Medicine	Bark	Mashed and external applied to treat bruise and swelling; decoction or stewed with meat for nourishing
Punica granatum L	0.08	HRC1037	HL, YS, YZ		Market	Lythraceae	Tree	Fruit, ornamental	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening
Stephania dielsiana Y. C. Wu	0.08	HRC1070	YS	zhun zu wo	Wild	Menispermaceae	Liana	Medicine	Stem tuber	Ground into powder and orally taken with water to treat indigestion and diarrhea
Torricellia tiliifolia DC	0.08	HRC741	HL, YZ	nong wo bo	Neighborhood	Toricelliaceae	Tree	Medicine, veterinary drug, fertilizer	Whole plant, leaf	Whole plant: mashed and external applied to treat bone fracture; leaf: medicinal bath to treat limb ache; leaf: mashed and external applied to treat animal wounds; leaf: fermented to be fertilizer
Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H. Wendl	0.08	HRC946	HL, YZ	ye li	Neighborhood	Arecaceae	Tree	Ornamental, construction	Whole plant, reticular fibers at the base of petiole	The whole plant for ornamental; reticular fibers at the base of the petiole are used for making broom or ox horn
Tradescantia zebrina Bosse	0.07	HRC1118	YS		Neighborhood	Commelinaceae	Herb	Ornamental, medicine	Whole plant	Soaked in wine for oral administration for nourishing
Acorus gramineus Soland	0.06	HRC1090	YS		Wild	Acoraceae	Herb	Spice	Leaf	Making dipping sauce
Bauhinia brachycarpa Wall. ex Benth	0.06	HRC1010	HL		Government	Fabaceae	Shrub	Fence, ornamental		Making fence
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich	0.06	HRC1030	HL, YZ	wo gu	Primary species	Urticaceae	Shrub	Forage, staple food	Leaf, root stem	Leaf: cut, raw or boiled as forage; root stem: mashed and cooked as food
Celtis biondii Pamp	0.06	HRC1008	HL		Primary species	Cannabaceae	Tree	Ornamental, sacred tree
Cinnamomum burmanni	0.06	HRC1177	YZ		Government	Lauraceae	Tree	Ornamental
Citrus reticulata Blanco	0.06	HRC1171	YS, HL, YZ	bi li	Market	Rutaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit
Diospyros kaki Thunb	0.06	HRC1012	HL, YZ	pi bei	Market	Ebenaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening
Ginkgo biloba L	0.06	HRC1014	HL, YZ		Government	Ginkgoaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Keteleeria davidiana var. calcarea (W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu) Silba	0.06	HRC1016	HL		Primary species	Pinaceae	Tree	Sacred tree, ornamental
Ligustrum lucidum Ait	0.06	HRC1029	HL, YS, YZ		Government	Oleaceae	Tree	Ornamental, custom plant, medicine	Whole plant, branch, fruit	Branch: during the Spring Festival, branches will be burned to bake clothes to ward off bad luck; fruit is traditional Chinese medicine. People would buy it in the past
Murraya exotica L. Mant	0.06	HRC1076	YS		Wild	Rutaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Pennisetum purpureum Schum	0.06	HRC835	HL, YS, YZ		Market	Poaceae	Herb	Forage	Tender branch	Cut, raw or boiled as forage
Pistacia chinensis Bunge	0.06	HRC1017	HL		Primary species	Anacardiaceae	Tree	Sacred tree, ornamental
Ricinus communis L	0.06	HRC422	YS, YZ	de he pu	Neighborhood, wild	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Medicine	Leaf	Mashed and external applied to treat paralysis and rectocele
Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms	0.05	HRC1009	HL	bai xin tiao	Primary species	Cornaceae	Tree	Fence		Fence
Basella alba L	0.05	HRC1112	YS		Market	Basellaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Tender branch	Eaten after boiled
Dioscorea subcalva Prain et Burkill	0.05	HRC490	YS	du lu	Wild	Dioscoreaceae	Liana	Construction, staple food	Stem tuber	Mashed, add water and cook with cotton thread, constantly stirring to strengthen the toughness of the cotton thread; mashed and cooked as a staple food
Eleutherococcus nodiflorus (Dunn) S. Y. Hu	0.05	HRC87	HL, YZ	zu ji bi	Neighborhood	Araliaceae	Shrub	Medicine	Root	Soaked in wine and administrated orally to treat injury
Euphorbia royleana Boiss	0.05	HRC1081	YS		Market	Euphorbiaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb	0.05	HRC1111	YS		Market	Araliaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Lantana camara L	0.05	HRC1124	YS		Market	Verbenaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Morus australis Poir	0.05	HRC1078	YS		Neighborhood	Moraceae	Shrub	Forage, fruit	Leaf, fruit	Leaf: used as feed for silkworms or pigs; fruit: eaten directly
Parthenocissus dalzielii Gagnep	0.05	HRC1164	YS		Market	Vitaceae	Liana	Ornamental
Pterolobium punctatum Hemsl	0.05	HRC1011	HL		Primary species	Fabaceae	Liana	Fence, medicine, religious rite	Branch	Tender leaf: mashed and external applied to treat snakebite; decocted for external washing to treat eye pain; branch: used to expel the evil spirit or used as fence
Salix babylonica L	0.05	HRC1072	YS, YZ		Market	Salicaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz	0.05	HRC1058	HL, YS, YZ		Self-preservation, neighborhood	Cucurbitaceae	Liana	Vegetable, forage	Fruit	Fruit: stir-fried for food; cut into pieces and boiled as forage
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench	0.05	HRC1041	HL, YS, YZ	a yong	Self-preservation	Poaceae	Herb	Forage, food	Fruit	Fruit: fermented for wine, tender leaf: freshly or boiled as forage
Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Rosc	0.05	HRC890	YZ		Wild	Zingiberaceae	Herb	Medicine, vegetable	Whole plant, tender inflorescence	Whole plant: medicinal bath to activate the nervous system and to treat paralysis; tender inflorescence: blenched and stir-fried before eaten
Caryota maxima Blume ex Martius	0.04	HRC1097	YS		Primary species	Arecaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb	0.04	HRC767	YS, YZ	bie wen	Market, neighborhood	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Medicine, ornamental	Whole plant	Medicinal bath to treat arthritis and bone fracture, decocted for internal administration to treat pneumonia
Ligularia hodgsonii Hook	0.04	HRC363	YZ		Neighborhood	Asteraceae	Herb	Medicine	Whole plant	Decocted for internal administration to treat cough, tuberculosis
Photinia serratifolia (Desfontaines) Kalkman	0.04	HRC1007	HL		Primary species	Rosaceae	小tree	Ornamental, sacred tree
Phrynium rheedei Suresh & Nicolson	0.04	HRC1060	HL, YZ		Wild, neighborhood	Marantaceae	Herb	Rapping zongzi	Leaf	Rapping zongzi
Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) Schott	0.03	HRC640	HL, YS	wu	Neighborhood	Araceae	Herb	Medicine	Stem tuber	Treat toothache: shredded and roasted until half-cooked in the fire and put it in the place of toothache for a while; medicinal bath to treat fever
Alpinia zerumbet 'Variegata'	0.03	HRC1165	YS		Market	Zingiberaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Arundo donax L	0.03	HRC383	YZ	yi guo	Primary species	Poaceae	Herb	Medicine	Stem	Decocted for internal administration to treat mad dog bites; medicinal bath for postpartum recovery
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) Redouté	0.03	HRC465	YZ	nong bie	Neighborhood	Iridaceae	Herb	Medicine	Whole plant	Decocted for internal administration to treat a bruise, and to activate blood and remove stasis
Buxus bodinieri Lévl	0.03	HRC1144	YS		Market	Buxaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Buxus sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng	0.03	HRC1162	YS, YZ		Market	Buxaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Baker	0.03	HRC1141	YS, YZ		Market	Asparagaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Citrus reticulata 'Shatang'	0.03	HRC1084	YS		Market	Rutaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit	Eaten freshly as fruit
Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze	0.03	HRC1168	YS		Market	Cyperaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Gladiolus gandavensis Van Houtte	0.03	HRC355	HL, YZ	suan pan guo	Market, neighborhood	Iridaceae	Herb	Medicine	Whole plant	Decocted for internal administration to treat sore throat, cough
Gynura bicolor (Willd.) DC	0.03	HRC939	HL, YS		Neighborhood	Asteraceae	Herb	Vegetable, forage	Tender leaf	Eaten after boiled; chopped, boiled or freshly fed to pigs
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. et Rose	0.03	HRC964	HL		Market	Cactaceae	Shrub	Forage	Flower	Cut and boiled as forage
Impatiens balsamina L	0.03	HRC1109	YS	zu nao ai mi	Wild, self-preservation	Balsaminaceae	Herb	Ornamental, medicine	Seed	Orally taken to treat postpartum placenta residue
Liquidambar formosana Hance	0.03	HRC573	HL, DN, YZ	yin mei	Primary species	Altingiaceae	Tree	Medicine, veterinary drug, sacred tree	Leaf	Mashed, soaked in water and then fed the cattle to treat diarrhea; decocted for internal administration to treat stomachache, and diarrhea; medicinal bath to treat hemiplegia
Nephrolepis cordifolia (Linnaeus) C. Presl	0.03	HRC1161	YS	jie guo	Wild	Nephrolepidaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua	0.03	HRC611	HL	zu suo xi	Wild	Asparagaceae	Herb	Medicine	Stem tuber	Stew with pig feet for nourishing
Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li	0.03	HRC984	DN	gong jie	Wild	Rosaceae	Shrub	Fruit, ornamental	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening
Rhus chinensis Mill	0.03	HRC993	YS	dang ji bu	Primary species	Anacardiaceae	Tree	Making kansui, fence	Fruit	Soaking in water to make Kansui; making tofu; making fence
Stephania kwangsiensis Lo	0.03	HRC782	YS, YZ	zu lu	Wild	Menispermaceae	Liana	Medicine, veterinary drug	Stem tuber	Mashed and decocted for internal administration to treat pig and cow plague and flatulence; mashed and external applied to treat bruise; decocted for internal administration to treat colorectal cancer and gastritis
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg	0.03	HRC1079	YS	ai zhe	Wild	Vitaceae	Liana	Ornamental, medicine	Whole plant	Decocted and taken orally to relieve Gudu
Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. R. Hunt	0.03	HRC1117	YS, YZ		Neighborhood	Commelinaceae	Herb	Ornamental, medicine	Whole plant	External rub to treat vitiligo
Artemisia indica Willd	0.02	HRC1026	HL	wa huo	Primary species	Asteraceae	Herb	Vegetable, medicine	Tender leaf	Tender leaf: eaten after boiled; leaf: mashed and external applied to stop bleeding, decoction for dysentery
Bambusa pervariabilis McClure	0.02	HRC1130	YS		Government	Poaceae	Herb	Ornamental, construction, religious rite	Stem	Old stem: weaving or making drum sticks
Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg	0.02	HRC1142	YS		Market	Asteraceae	Herb	Ornamental
Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) O. Kuntze	0.02	HRC1028	HL, YS, YZ	zu lie li	Wild	Hypoxidaceae	Herb	Veterinary drug	Leaf	Chopped and boiled to feed cattle to kill parasites
Diospyros oleifera Cheng	0.02	HRC1013	HL, YS, YZ	pi bei	Neighborhood	Ebenaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening
Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Linnaeus) S. Y. Hu	0.02	HRC642	HL		Neighborhood	Araliaceae	Shrub	Medicine	Root	Cooked with meat for nourishing; soaked in wine, and taken orally to treat a bone injury
Gynura japonica (Thunb.) Juel	0.02	HRC641	HL, YZ	zu wan cai	Neighborhood	Asteraceae	Herb	Vegetable, medicine, forage	Leaf	Boiled as a vegetable; mashed and external applied to treat a bruise
Houttuynia cordata Thunb	0.02	HRC1136	YS	ya zha	Wild	Saururaceae	Herb	Ornamental, vegetable, medicine	Tender leaf, whole plant	Tender leaf: stir-fried or made into a salad; whole plant: decocted for internal administration to treat jaundice, sore limbs; medicinal bath to treat edema
Ilex kwangtungensis Merr	0.02	HRC660	HL		Neighborhood	Aquifoliaceae	Tree	Dye	Leaf	Meshed and cooked with other dye plants in water to dye silk for a reddish-brown color
Indocalamus longiauritus Handel-Mazzetti	0.02	HRC1002	HL	nong jiu	Primary species	Poaceae	Herb	Rapping zongzi	Leaf	Rapping zongzi
Juniperus chinensis L	0.02	HRC1150	YS	nong guo a	Market	Cupressaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Momordica subangulata Bl	0.02	HRC1088	YS		Neighborhood	Cucurbitaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Fruit	Eaten after boiled
Mucuna birdwoodiana Tutch	0.02	HRC306	HL		Wild	Fabaceae	Liana	Medicine, dye, religious rite	Old stem, root, tender branch	Old stem, root: medicinal bath to treat bruise and paralysis; tender branch: meshed and soaked in water until the water turns red, can make the indigo dye darker and fix the color; old stem: used as a drum stick
Nerium oleander L	0.02	HRC1103	YS		Government	Apocynaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang	0.02	HRC1173	DN		Government	Lauraceae	Tree	Ornamental, construction
Pistacia weinmanniifolia J. Poisson ex Franchet	0.02	HRC1126	YS, YZ		Market, wild	Anacardiaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Rhapis humilis Bl	0.02	HRC1174	YS, DN		Market	Arecaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Saccharum officinarum L	0.02	HRC1042	HL, DN, YZ		Neighborhood	Poaceae	Herb	Fruit	Stem	Peeled and eaten freshly
Sambucus javanica Blume	0.02	HRC631	HL, YS, YZ	nuo bo xi	Wild	Adoxaceae	Herb	Medicine	Leaf	Mashed and external applied to treat a bruise
Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H.Rob	0.02	HRC1085	YS, YZ		Neighborhood	Asteraceae	Herb	Fruit	Stem tuber	Eaten directly
Solanum pseudocapsicum L	0.02	HRC1133	YS		Market	Solanaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Viburnum odoratissimum Ker.-Gawl	0.02	HRC1179	YZ, HL		Government	Adoxaceae	Tree	Ornamental, fence
Vitex quinata (Lour.) Will	0.02	HRC605	HL	yi zhu nuo	Primary species	Lamiaceae	Tree	Treating gudu, medicine	Stem	Decocted or soaked in water for oral administration to treat bruise, dysentery, beriberi and to relieve Gudu
Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux	0.01	HRC632	HL	zu nu	Neighborhood	Ranunculaceae	Herb	Medicine, veterinary drug	Root tuber	Soaked in wine and apply externally to treat bruise; mixed with feed to kill parasites and nourish livestock
Asparagus lycopodineus (Baker) Wang et Tang	0.01	HRC806	YS	qi jie mei	Wild	Asparagaceae	Herb	Medicine	Root tuber	Cook porridge with rice
Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex Murray) Rchb. F	0.01	HRC44	HL	zhe he	Wild	Orchidaceae	Herb	Beauty	Stem tuber	Decocted for internal administration for beauty
Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston	0.01	HRC1038	HL, DN, YZ		Primary species	Fabaceae	Liana	Fence		fence
Cestrum nocturnum L	0.01	HRC1121	YS		Market	Solanaceae	Shrub	Ornamental
Cycas revoluta Thunb	0.01	HRC1129	YS		Government	Cycadaceae	Liana	Ornamental
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo	0.01	HRC1063	HL		Wild	Orchidaceae	Herb	Medicine	Whole plant	Mostly sold to other places
Diospyros kaki var. silvestris Makino	0.01	HRC996	HL	jin bei	Primary species	Ebenaceae	Tree	Fruit	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening
Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl	0.01	HRC635	HL		Neighborhood	Thymelaeaceae	Shrub	Medicine	Whole plant	Mashed and external applied to treat a bone fracture
Euphorbia lathyris Linnaeus	0.01	HRC457	YZ		Neighborhood	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Medicine	Fruit	Orally taken to treat constipation (small amount, slightly toxic)
Fagraea ceilanica Thunb	0.01	HRC1127	YS, DN		Market	Gentianaceae	Tree	Ornamental
Lilium brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez	0.01	HRC576	YS		Wild	Liliaceae	Herb	Vegetable	Bulb, leaf	Eaten after boiled
Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker	0.01	HRC983	YS	gai	Wild	Liliaceae	Herb	Vegetable, ornamental	Bulb	Stir-fried or stewed with meat
Nandina domestica Thunb	0.01	HRC579	HL, YZ	nong gei li	Primary species	Berberidaceae	Shrub	Treating Gudu, medicine, fence	Stem	Soaked in wine or decocted, then taken orally to treat stomach pain, cold, cough and Gudu
Phedimus aizoon (Linnaeus) 't Hart	0.01	HRC1123	YS		Market	Crassulaceae	Herb	Ornamental
Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc	0.01	HRC1170	YS	bi ma	Neighborhood	Rosaceae	Tree	Ornamental, fruit	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening or making pickle
Ruta graveolens L	0.01	HRC1069	YS		Government	Rutaceae	Herb	Medicine	Whole plant	Mashed and external applied to stop bleeding, relieve pain and inflammation; decoction and taken orally to treat the urgency-frequency syndrome
Solanum torvum Swartz	0.01	HRC1147	YS		Primary species	Solanaceae	Shrub	Ornamental

HL represents Huaili Village; YZ represents Yaozhai Village; YS represents Yaoshan Village, and DN represents Duonu Community
The order of plants follows by the RFC value and alphabetical order of Latin initials

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ISSN: 1746-4269

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