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Table 2 Medicinal plants used to treat various diseases in Skardu valley

From: Quantitative ethnomedicinal study of plants used in the skardu valley at high altitude of Karakoram-Himalayan range, Pakistan

Family Botanical name and voucher number Local name Life form Parts used/ Formulation Applications Administration route *FC **RFC ***∑Ui ****UV
Alliaceae Allium humile Kunth SK 103 Chung Herb Bulb infusion Asthma/breathing problem Oral 13 0.18 27 0.38
Stomach disease
Jaundice
Cough, cold
Apiaceae Carum carvi L. SK 104 Zera Herb Seed decoction Gastric problems Oral 21 0.29 45 0.63
Sore throat
Rheumatism
Apiaceae Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC. SK 105 Ghang Herb Leaves decoction Leucoderma Oral 14 0.19 29 0.40
Psoriasis
Asteraceae Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. SK 108 Khampa Subshrub Flower infusion Pneumonia Oral 33 0.46 81 1.14
Leaves decoction Joints Oral
Root paste Boils Topical
Asteraceae Cichorium intybus L. SK 109 Shantha Herb Root infusion Fever Oral 22 0.30 54 0.76
Leaves juice Release of gall stones Oral
Gastrointestinal problems
Asteraceae Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss SK 110 Sathing Herb Root decoction Cardiac Oral 7 0.09 9 0.12
Leaves juice Colic Oral
Root poultice Fever Topical
Eruptions
Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt. SK 111 Thliri Herb Leaves juice Asthma/breathing problem Oral 14 0.19 36 0.50
Asteraceae Senecio chrysanthemoides DC. SK 112 Api mindoq Herb Leaves decoction Sore throat Oral 15 0.21 31 0.43
Flower poultice Wounds Topical
Root powder Rheumatic pain Topical
Asteraceae Seriphidium brevifolium ( Wall. ex DC. ) Ling & Y.R.Ling SK 107 Bursay Subshrub Flower powder Expel worms Oral with water 27 0.38 63 0.88
Asteraceae Tanacetum gracile Hook. f. & Thoms. SK 113 Serfo bursay Herb Leaves decoction Intestinal worms Oral 9 0.12 19 0.26
Leaves powder Obesity
Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris L. SK114 Shuturum Shrub Fruit juice Sore throat Oral 38 0.53 72 1.01
Gastrointestinal pain
Remove gall stone
Brassicaceae Lepidium latifolium L. SK 115 Chunma Herb Leaves infusion Liver disease Oral 10 0.14 23 0.32
Root powder Kidney disease Oral with water
Stomachache
Campanulaceae Codonopsis clematidae C.B. Clarke SK 116 Bajo mindoq Herb Flower infusion Stress relief Oral 11 0.15 27 0.38
Memory retention
Capparidaceae Capparis spinosa L. SK 117 Shorot Shrub Fruit juice Joint pain Oral 24 0.33 104 1.46
Diuretic
Dropsy
Root decoction Anemia Oral
Kidney disinfectants
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. SK 118 Snew Herb Leaves infusion Rheumatism Oral 17 0.23 32 0.45
Leaves poultice Swollen feet Topical
Sunstroke
Sunburn
Freckles
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium botrys L. SK 119 Khama Herb Whole plant infusion Stomachache Oral 18 0.25 17 0.23
Liver complaints
Headache
Laxative
Diuretic
Crassulaceae Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. SK 120 Chundol Herb Root powder Cough, fever Oral with milk 11 0.15 38 0.53
Headache
Anemia
Cupressaceae Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. SK 121 Hlashuk Shrub Fruit juice Remove kidney stone Oral 37 0.52 66 0.92
Rheumatism
Respiratory disorders backache
Elaeagnaceae Hippophae rhamnoides L. SK 122 Choq Shrub Fruit juice Cough Oral 65 0.91 117 1.64
Arthritic pain
Burns
Eczema
Ephedraceae Ephedra gerardiana Wall. SK 123 Chay Shrub Stem decoction Rheumatism Oral 31 0.43 98 1.38
Ephedraceae Ephedra gerardiana Wall. SK 123 Chay Shrub Stem decoction Rheumatism Oral 31 0.43 98 1.38
Syphilis
Fruit juice Respiratory disorders Oral
Asthma/breathing problem
Tonic
Gentianaceae Swertia petiolata Royle SK 124 Brama Herb Root paste Opthalmia Topical 15 0.21 33 0.46
Leaves decoction Scleritis Oral
Stomach Inflammation
Liver tonic
Gentianaceae Gentiana olivieri Griseb. SK 125 Tikta Herb Fresh leaf Diabetes Oral 22 0.30 16 0.22
Geraniaceae Geranium nepalense Sweet SK 126 Bamik Herb Fruit juice Renal disease Oral 44 0.61 43 0.60
Root poultice Rheumatic pain Topical
Toothache
Wounds
Cuts
Lamiaceae Dracocephalum nuristanicum Rech. f. & Edelb. SK 106 Shamdun Herb Seed infusion Gastrointestinal disorders Oral 41 0.57 74 1.04
Lamiaceae Mentha royleana Wall. ex Benth SK 127 Foling Herb Leaves infusion Dysentery Oral 26 0.36 41 0.57
Abdominal pain
Lamiaceae Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. SK 128 Faring bursay Subshrub Flower infusion Expel worms Oral 45 0.63 69 0.97
Leishmaniasis
Rheumatic pain
Tonic
Lamiaceae Nepeta leucolaena Benth. ex Hook.f. K 129 Askuta Herb Leaves decoction Stomach problem Oral 40 0.56 53 0.74
Constipation
Lamiaceae Thymus linearis Benth. SK 130 Tumburu Herb Whole plant infusion Pneumonia Oral 42 0.59 57 0.80
Cough, cold
Respiratory disorders
Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris L. SK 131 Harswa Herb Leaves decoction Stomachache Oral 30 0.42 24 0.33
Sore throat
Diuretic
Tonic
Ericaceae Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don. SK 132 Chauman Shrub Leaves infusion Cough, cold lung disorders Oral 36 0.50 55 0.77
Flower juice Inflammations
Onagraceae Epilobium latifolium L. SK 133 Pondol Herb Flower paste Itching pimples Topical 37 0.52 28 0.39
Leaves decoction Skin problems Oral
Antidote
Febrifuge
Papilionaceae Astragalus psilocentros Fisch SK 134 Sokhrus Subshrub Root Leaves infusion Teeth cleaning Oral 51 0.71 81 1.14
Stomach problems
Papilionaceae Sophora mollis Graham SK 135 Khakhul Shrub Seed paste Hepatitis Topical 61 0.85 90 1.26
Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata L. SK 136 Sman hrswa Herb Flower infusion Diarrhea Oral 29 0.40 48 0.67
Dysentery
Leaves decoction Asthma/breathing problem Oral
Bronchitis
Gastritis
Polygonaceae Bistorta amplexicaulis (D.Don.) Greene SK 137 Onbu Herb Root infusion Sore throat Oral 21 0.29 24 0.33
Laryngitis
Tonic
Polygonaceae Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill. SK 138 Span harswa Herb Leaves decoction Jaundice Oral 27 0.38 21 0.29
Dysentery
Gastritis
Polygonaceae Polygonum affine D. Don. SK 139 Strin mindoq Herb Root decoction Lung disorder Oral 23 0.32 38 0.53
Flower infusion Fever, flu Oral
Expel worms
Polygonaceae Rheum australe D. Don SK 140 Lachu Herb Leaves and stem infusion Hepatitis B Oral 22 0.30 34 0.47
Appendicitis
Dysentery
Constipation
Root poultice Swellings Topical
Burns
Primulaceae Primula denticulata Smith SK 141 Daoo Herb Leaves infusion Diabetes Oral 28 0.39 44 0.61
Urinary ailments
Root poultice Opthalmia Topical
Wound healing
Ranunculaceae Aconitum violaceum Jacquem. ex Stapf SK 142 Booma Herb Root decoction Leprosy Oral 34 0.47 48 0.67
Asthma/breathing problem
Snake bite
Antidote febrifuge
Ranunculaceae Caltha alba Jacquemc SK 143 Pilling Herb Root paste Toothache Topical 32 0.45 40 0.56
Muscular pain
Ranunculaceae Delphinium brunonianum Royle SK 144 Makhoting Herb Aerial parts infusion Pneumonia Oral 38 0.53 49 0.69
Headache
Stomachache
Seed poultice Healing of injuries Topical
Rosaceae Potentilla argyrophylla Wall. ex Lehm. var. atrosanguinea ( G.Lodd. ) Hook.f. SK 145 Serfo harswa Herb Whole plant paste Wounds Topical 16 0.22 18 0.25
Rosaceae Potentilla bifurca L. SK 146 Tarqan Herb Flower infusion Diarrhea Oral 39 0.54 26 0.36
Rosaceae Potentilla salesoviana Steph. SK 152 Karfo mindoq Herb Flower infusion Stomachache Oral 10 0.14 17 0.23
Fever
Cough, cold
Rosaceae Rosa brunonii Lindl. SK 147 Siya Shrub Bark infusion Blood purification Oral 63 0.88 105 1.47
Saxifragaceae Bergenia stracheyi (Hook. f. & Thorns.) Engl. SK 148 Khichlay Herb Leaves infusion Stomachache Oral 44 0.61 52 0.73
Diuretic
Root poultice Tonic Topical
Opthalmia
Wounds, cuts
Saxifragaceae Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. SK 149 Shaphus Herb Leaves juice Diarrhea Oral 41 0.57 35 0.49
Asthma/breathing problem
Seed paste Urinary problems Topical
Opthalmia
Boils
Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis cheilanthifolia Schrenk SK 150 Serfo spanthing Herb Leaves decoction Stomachache Oral 14 0.19 26 0.36
Tonic
Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis pectinatiformis Bonati SK 151 Sunpo spanthing Herb Leaves infusion Body ache Oral 12 0.16 15 0.21
Sedative
  1. *FC = Frequency citation, **RFC = Relative frequency of citation, ***∑Ui = sum of all uses mentioned by each informant for a species, ****UV = Use values.
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