Table 5 Reconstructed core inventory of Middle Eastern materia medicaInorganic
From: Ethno-diversity within current ethno-pharmacology as part of Israeli traditional medicine – A review
Name | Main Uses | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Alum | General tonic, reduces liver size, disinfection | ||
Citric acid | Digestive aid | ||
Galena | Cosmetic, eye diseases | ||
Lead | Skin diseases, evil eye | ||
Sulfur | Fertility, skin diseases | ||
Animals | |||
Scientific Name | English Name | Part or Product | Main Uses |
Apis mellifera L. | Honey bee | Wax & Honey | Purgative, reduces eye inflammations, sore throat, burns, coughs |
Physeter catodon L. | Ambergris | Secretion | Reinforces potency, kidneys, and General |
Scincus scincus L. | Medical skink | Dry body, Skin | Fertility of men and women |
Sepia officinalis L. | Cuttle fish | Skeleton | Skin diseases, mania |
Plants | |||
Scientific Name | English Name | Part or Product | Main Uses |
Aloe vera L. | Aloe | Juice | Skin diseases, heals wounds, purgative |
Alpinia galanga willd. | Galingale | Root | Cleans digestive system, reproductive system problems |
Artemisia herba-alba Asso. | Wormwood | Foliage | Asthma, sore throat |
Boswellia carteri Birdw. | Frankincense | Resin | Flatulence, heart diseases, general tonic |
Cassia acutifolia Delile. | Senna | Leaf | Purgative |
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. | Cinnamon | Bark | Cleans the female genital system after childbirth |
Coriandrum sativum L. | Coriander | Seed | Reduces sugar, stomachache |
Crocus sativus L. | Saffron | Stigma | Sore throat, blood pressure |
Cuminum cyminum L. | Cumin | Seed | Flatulence |
Curcuma longa L. | Turmeric | Root | Disinfects sores |
Elettaria cardamomum White & Maton | Cardamom | Fruit | Blood sugar, stomach acidity |
Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb. | Clove | Flower | Local anesthetic, general remedy |
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | Fennel | Seed | Stomachache, intestinal diseases |
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | Liquorice | Root | Heartburn, coughs, blood cleansing |
Laurus nobilis L. | Laurel | Leaf | Arthritis, sugar in blood |
Lawsonia inermis L. | Henna | Leaf | Wound healing, hemorrhages, fungi |
Lepidium sativum L. | Garden-cress | Seed | Stomachache, hair strengthening, aphrodisiac |
Linum usitatissimum L. | Flax | Seed | Hormonal regulation, calcium supplementation |
Matricaria aurea Boiss. | Chamomile | Flower | Respiratory canals, stomachache |
Mentha spicata L. | Mint | Branch | Flatulence, acidity neutralization |
Myristica fragrans Houtt. | Nutmeg, mace | Seeds and fruit peels | Intoxicant, aphrodisiac, painkiller |
Nigella sativa L. | Black cumin | Seed | Dizziness, sugar in blood |
Olea europaea L. | Olive tree | Oil | Skin diseases, many medications |
Peganum harmala L. | Syrian rue | Seed | Tonic, heart diseases, sugar in blood |
Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. | Parsley | Seed | Kidney stones, impotence |
Pimenta officinalis Lindl. | Pimento | Fruit | Stomachache, flatulence |
Pimpinella anisum L. | Anise | Seed | Stomachache, aphrodisiac |
Pinus pinea L. | Stone-pine | Seed | Tonic |
Piper nigrum L. | White pepper | Fruit | Coughs, reinforces stomach |
Pistacia lentiscus L. | Mastic tree | Resin | Heartburn, soothes stomach |
Prunus mahaleb L. | Perfumed cherry | Seed | Digestive system, children's pains, flatulence |
Rhus coriaria L. | Tanning sumach | Fruit | Perspiration stimulant, diarrhea, cholesterol reduction |
Rosa sp. | Rose | Water, flowers, fruits | Perfume production, cleanses facial skin |
Rosmarinus officinalis L. | Rosemary | Foliage | Kidney stones, sugar in blood |
Saccharum officinarum L. | Sugar cane | Juice | Tranquilizer, tonic, respiratory canals |
Salvia fruticosa L. | Sage | Leaf | Hemorrhages, intestinal diseases and pains |
Sinapis alba L. | Mustard | Seed | Pains and infections |
Tamarindus indica L. | Indian date | Fruit | Cleanses blood and stimulates circulation |
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. | Fenugreek | Seed | Sugar reduction, diuretic |
Zingiber officinale Rosc. | Ginger | Root | Flatulence, digestive system, impotence |