Table 4 Punishments on the violation of sacred trees.
From: The supernatural characters and powers of sacred trees in the Holy Land
Punishment | Druze (n = 20) | Arab (n = 31) | Bedouin (n = 44) | References from the Middle East | References from other regions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Divine punishment, serious illness, disaster, accidents, bad luck, madness, curse | 50.0 | 25.7 | 15.8 | [Egypt (132:17); Turkey (116:175)] | [Greece (37:335); Britain (65:21); Ireland (20:21,33,47); Estonia (18:23), (212:3); Zanzibar (213:36); Mongolia (77:281); Siberia (216:117); Zimbabwe (83:6); Kenya (189:28); East Africa (48:432–433); Tanzania (198:27, 45); Zimbabwe (215:365); Nepal (192:248); (217:335); India (27:68–69), (30:73), (153:8),(154:201), (139:67); Sri Lanka 165:177); China (50:168), (214:746), (195:332); Japan (25:36)] |
2. Paralysis (especially of the hand/limb fracture) | 35.0 | 35.4 | 27.2 | [Syria (112:16); Arabia (74:496)] | [Britain (65:22,191); Ireland (20:37,47); Lithuania (218:31)] |
3. Damage to property, fire, death of a domestic animal | 35.0 | 12.9 | 40.1 | [Syria (112:16); Egypt (132:17); Palestine (111:44), (126:20); Sinai (110:185); Turkey (15;215] | [Ghana (160:259); Nepal (217:335); Estonia (18;23); India (100:240)] |
4. Death, murder | 12.0 | 35.4 | 9.0 | Palestine (87:66); Syria (112:16); [Transjordan (74, I:77, 365); Arabia (91:330): Iran (219:118), (220:3); Kurdistan (15:216)] | [Ancient Greece (204:38,60, (50:61); Ireland (20:29,47); Britain (65:191); Lithuania (50:25); Estonia (18:23); Dalmatia (22:64); Siberia (216:117); Mongolia (77:281)] Cameroon (170:82); Ghana (161:159); Zanzibar (213:36); Nigeria (221:272); India (31:97), (55:277), (100:240), (153:8), (222:316); Indonesia (223:3, 4); Japan (25:36), (136:46)] |
5. Death/illness of a family member | 20.0 | 12.9 | 20.4 | [Palestine (87:66); Arabia (74:496); Egypt (46:56); Iran (224:124); Turkey (15:215)] | [India (197:295); Nepal (217:335)] |
6. Barrenness | 15.0 | 6.4 | 2.2 | Â | [India (88:54)] |
7. Blindness | 15.0 | 0 | 0 | Â | Â |
8. Fine, ransom, sacrifice, special gift | 0 | 0 | 0 | [Palestine [40]:35,36] | Ancient Greece (37:335); Rome (50: 67); Siberia (225:47); Ghana (160:159); Kenya (189:28); Nigeria (221:205); Africa (Bantu, 205:41); India (90:221), (138:107), (226:570)] |
9. Collective punishment for the whole community | 0 | 0 | 0 | Â | [India (156:21,83,96); China (152:131), (211:145); Vietnam (147:113); Laos (148:84)] |