Medicinal plants of Otwal and Ngai Sub Counties in Oyam District, Northern Uganda

Kamatenesi, Maud M; Acipa, Annabel; Oryem-Origa, Hannington

doi:10.1186/1746-4269-7-7

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 2 Medicinal plants their habits, growth habit, frequency of mention, plant part used, diseases treated, methods of preparation and administration.

From: Medicinal plants of Otwal and Ngai Sub Counties in Oyam District, Northern Uganda

Family	Taxon	Habitat	Habit	Plant part used	Disease	Number of diseases treated	Freq of mention of plant	Methods of Preparation	Administration
Amaranthaceae	Pupalia lappacea Juss. AA-49-07	Wooded grassland	SH	R	Syphilis	1	2	Crushed, boiled*	Extract drunk
Anacardiaceae	Mangifera indica L. AA-53-07	Homestead	T	B	Diarrhoea	2	8	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk twice a day
				R	Cough			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
Apocynaceae	Carissa edulis (Forssk) Vahl. AA-59-07	Grassland	SH	R	Epilepsy	2	3	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drink
				S	Abdominal pain			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
Asclepiadaceae	Mondia whiteii Skeels AA-57-07	Forest	C	R	Flu, cold	4	8	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Abdominal pain			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk twice a day
				R	Headache, cough			Picked, cleaned	Chewed
Asparagaceae	Asparagus africanus Hochst. ex.A. Rich AA-48-07	Open grassland	SH	R	Swollen body	1	4	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk one glass twice a day , rub on skin cuts
Asteraceae	Acmela canlirhiza Delile AA-64-07	Garden edge, road side	H	R, L	Cough	2	2	Dried, powdered	Extract drunk three teaspoon twice a day
				R	Retained placenta			Crushed, mixed in warm water*	Extract drunk
	Biden pilosa L. AA-47-07	Garden	H	L	Wounds	1	3	Dried, powdered	Applied on wound
	Echinops amplexicaulis Oliv. AA-07-07	Open grassland	SH	R	Hydrocelle	7	7	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk three times a day
				R	Hernia scrotal			Crushed, mixed in cold water*	Extract drunk
				R	Stomachache			Crushed , boiled	Extract drunk 200 ml once a day
				R	TB			Crushed, boiled	Extract drunk quarter glass for adults twice a day, two spoonful twice a day for children
				R	snake bite, whooping cough, syphilis			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk one glass twice a day
	Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker AA-35-07	Open grassland	SH	L	Wounds	3	12	Crushed	Juice onto fresh wound
				L	Sore throat			Picked, cleaned	Chewed, juice swallowed three times a day
				L	Ring worm			Crushed	Extract rubbed on affected part once a day
	Aspilia africana C.D Adams AA-37-07	Open grassland Abandoned gardens, road side	SH	R	Sore throat	8	3	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Diarrhoea, dysentery			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk quarter a glass three times a day
				R	Body cleanser			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Antidote			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Wounds			Crushed	Juice squeezed onto wound
				R	Induce appetite			Picked, cleaned	Chewed, juice swallowed
				R	snake bite			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
	Microglossa pyrifolia (Cam) O. Ktze AA-36-07	Wooded grassland	SH	R	Anti venom	2	2	Crushed	Rubbed on skin cuts
				L	Epilepsy			Crushed, added in bath water	Used for bathing, burnt in patient room
	Vernonia amygdalina Del. AA-46-07	Open grassland	SH	R	Cough	9	10	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Abdominal pain			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk twice a day
				L	Wound			Crushed	Extract applied on wound
				L	Malaria			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Swollen stomach			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Hernia			Dried, powdered	Extract drunk 10 ml twice a day, extract rubbed on skin cuts
				R	Headache			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 2 spoonful thrice a day
				R	STI			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 500 ml thrice a day
				R	Diarrhoea			Crushed, mixed in warm water	Extract drunk 500 ml once a day
	Vernonia sp. AA-02-07	Open grassland, garden	H	R, L	Backbone disease	1	3	Crushed, boiled , Heated over fire	Extract drunk , heated leaves massage body twice a day
Bignoniaceae	Markhamia platycalyx Sprague AA-54-07	Wooded grassland	T	R	Ease child bearing, Induces labour	1	1	Crushed, mixed in warm water	Extract drunk one glass once a day
	Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. AA-55-07	Wooded grassland	T	R	Wounds	1	1	Dried, powdered	Applied on wound
	Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth AA-60-07	Wooded grassland	T	L	Eye disease	3	2	Crushed	Squeezed in eye
				B	Poison antidote			Crushed, boiled	Extract drunk once a day
				S	Impotence			Dried, powdered	Extract drunk, eaten.
Caesalpiniaceae	Cassia siamea Lam. AA-56-07	Semi cultivated	T	R	Sore throat	2	4	Crushed and mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				L	Abdominal pain			Picked, cleaned	Chewed, liquid swallowed
Capparaceae	Cleome gynandra L.AA-61-07	Homestead, garden	H	L	Headache	3	5	Crushed	Rubbed on forehead
				L	Ring worm			Crushed	Rubbed on affected area
				R	Eye disease			Crushed	Dropped in eye
Caricaceae	Carica papaya L. AA-43-07	Homestead	T	R	body pain by witch craft	1	3	Crushed	Rubbed on body twice a day
Celastraceae	Maytenus senegalensis (Lam) Exell AA-45-07	Forest	T	R	Epilepsy	2	1	Crushed, mixed in cold water*	Extract drunk 50 ml three times a day
				R	Miscarriage			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 300 ml two times a day
Chenopodiaceae	Chenopodium ambrosioides L. AA-50-07	Around home stead	H	L	Headache	2	4	Crushed, mixed in hot water	Steam inhaled, heated leaves placed on face
				L	Epilepsy			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 25 ml twice a day, applied on skin cuts
Combretaceae	Combretum molle R.Br.G. Don AA-44-07	Swampy area, forest edge	T	R	Cough	1	1	Dried, powdered added into one glass of water	Drunk twice a day
	Combretum collinum Fresen AA-42-07	Open grassland	T	L	Cough	4	12	Crushed, mixed in cold water*	Extract drunk twice a day
				R, B	Wounds			Crushed	Juice squeezed on wound
				R, B	Diarrhoea,			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 4 teaspoon twice a day
				R, B	Abdominal pain			Crushed, mixed in cold water
Cucurbitaceae	Cucurbita maxima Wall. AA-38-07	Gardens, antihill	C	R	Abdominal pain	1	1	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
	Momordica foetida Schum. AA-52-07	Antihill	C	R	STI	3	2	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk one glass once a day
				R	Cough, abdominal pain			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk one glass twice a day
	Kedrostis foetidissima Cogn. AA-41-07	Open grassland	C	R	Measles	1	1	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk once a day
Dioscoreaceae	Dioscorea sp AA-62-07	Garden	H	L	Loss of appetite	1	1	Crushed, boiled	Eaten
Eurphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hirta L. AA-71-07	Garden, along roadside	H	R	Cough	2	6	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk three times a day
				St	Fresh wound			Sap collected	Applied on wound two times a day
	Fluggae virosa (Willd.) Voigt AA-40-07	Wooded grassland	SH	R	Miscarriage	1	2	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 250 ml twice a day
Fabaceae	Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. AA-44-07	Open grassland	T	L	STI	2	6	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 750 ml thrice a day
				St	Diarrhoea			Crushed, mixed in warm water	Drink one teaspoon a day
	Cassia nigricans Vahl. AA-31-07	Open grassland	SH	St	Wound	3	2	Crushed	Apply on skin cuts
				L	Worms			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				L	Stomachache			Crushed	Smear on stomach
	Erythrina abyssinica Lam. AA-29-07	Grassland	T	R	Toothache	1	2	Crushed, boiled	Massage tooth
Labiatae	Hoslundia opposita Vahl. AA-09-07	Open grass land	H	R	Epilepsy	2	6	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk two times a day, applied as nasal drop.
				R	Whole body swelling			Crushed, boiled	Extract drunk
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum myricoides R.Br. & Vatke AA-30-07	Open grassland	S	R	Body pains	2	4	Crushed	Rub on skin cuts
				R	Cataracts			Crushed	Extract dropped in eye twice a day
	Ocimum basilicum L. AA-32-07	Compound edge	H	L	Eye cataract	3	3	Crushed	Extract squeezed, dropped in eye twice a day
				L	Fever			Crushed, mixed in warm water	Massage body, add in bathing water
				L	Malaria			Crushed, mixed in warm water	Extract drunk
	Vitex doniana Sweet AA-25-07	Wooded grassland	T	R	Eye disease	1	1	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract dropped in eye
Leguminosae	Rhynchosia densiflora Wall. AA-27-07	Wooded grassland	SH	R	Dysentery	1	8	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk two teaspoon twice a day
	Indigofera arrecta Hochst.ex. A. Rich AA-26-07	Open garden	SH	L	Body swelling	4	5	Crushed	Rubbed on skin
				R	Round worms			Crushed, mixed in warm water	Extract drunk 200 ml once a day
				R	Headache			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Sore throat			Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk twice a day
	Acacia hockii De Wild AA-24-07	Open grassland	T	R	Malaria + cough	1	1	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk two times a day
	Acacia sieberiana Tausch AA-23-07	Wooded grassland	T	R	Epilepsy	2	1	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Dysentery			Crushed, mixed in cold water*	Extract drunk half a Aglass two times a day
Loganiaceae	Strychnos innocua Delile. AA-12-07	Swamps	T	R	Witchcraft	1	1	Crushed, mixed in cold water	Extract sprinkled on patient
Meliaceae	Trichilia capensis Pers. AA-22-07	Grassland,	SH	R	Stomachache	8	6	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 50 ml once a day
				R	Stops miscarriage			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk half glass twice a day
				R	West pain			Dried , powdered	Powder added in water making 10 ml , drunk two times a day
				R	Urine pain			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk two times a day
				R	Back ache after birth			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Worms			Crushed, mixed in water	Extract drunk
				R	Diarrhoea, cough			Crushed , boiled	Extract drunk 200 ml once a day
	Trichilia emetica Vahl. AA-21-07	Open grassland	H	R	Snake bite	3	11	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk, crushed leaves rubbed on skin cuts
				R	Stomachache			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk once a day
				R	prevent poison			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
Menispermaceae	Cissampelos mucronata A.Rich. AA-33-07	Garden edges	H	R	Abdominal pain	1	1	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk three times a day
Mimosaceae	Albizia coriaria Welw. AA-58-07	Wooded grassland	T	B	Diarrhoea	1	1	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
Moraceae	Ficus vallis Chaude AA-20-07	Wooded grassland	T	R	Dysentery, diarrhea	3	7	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk half glass once a day
				B	Ring worm			Sap collected	Smeared on affected area twice a day
Musaceae	Musa spp AA-69-07	Garden	T	F	Diarrhoea	3	1	Sap collected	Sap drunk thrice a day
				Fl	Wound			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract applied on wound
				B	Ring worm			Crushed	Smear on affected area once a day
Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus globulus Labill. AA-68-07	Home stead	T	L	Cough	1	5	Crushed , boiled	Extract drunk four teaspoon twice a day
Papilionaceae	Crotalaria ochroleuca G.Don AA-04-07	Garden	SH	L	Stomachache	1	1	Crushed , boiled	Eaten
	Cajanus cajan (L.) Druce AA-17-07	Garden	SH	L	Malaria	1	1	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 100 ml once a day
Poaceae	Imperata cylindra P.Beauv. AA-67-07	Open grassland	G	R	Abdominal pain	1	1	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
	Pennisetum trachyphyllum Pilg. AA-66-07	Garden, dry land	G	R	Abdominal pain	1	1	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
	Sporobulus africanus (Poir.) Roebyns AA-65-07	Open grassland	G	R	Retained placenta	1	2	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk500 ml once a day
Polygolaceae	Securidaca longipedunculata Fres. AA-19-07	Open grassland	T	R	Body pains,	4	19	Crushed	Rubbed on skin cuts once a day
				R	Headache			Crushed	Rubbed on skin cuts once a day
				R	Skin disease			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Rubbed on affected area three times a day
				R	Body ache due to witchcraft			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Rubbed on skin cuts once a day
Ranunculaceae	Clematis hirusta Guill. & Perr. AA-05-07	Anthill on Open grassland	H	R	Swelling	4	14	Crushed	Massage affected area
				R	STI			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk two glass thrice a day
				R	Cough			Crushed , boiled	Extract drunk twice a day
				Fl	Flu			Crushed	Inhaled
Rubiaceae	Sarcocephalus latifolius (SM.) E.A. Bruce AA-51-07	Grassland	SH	R	Piles	8	12	Burnt together with millet husk	Direct smoke to anus
				R	Scrotal hernia			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 20 ml once a day for a month
				R	Cough, stomachache			Crushed , boiled	Extract drunk 200 ml once a day
				R	STDs, worms			Crushed , boiled	Extract drunk one glass twice a day
				R	Diarrhoea			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk half glass thrice a day
				R	Dysentery			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 200 ml thrice a day
	Vangueria apiculata K. Schum AA-16-07	Forest edge		S	Swollen feet , body	1	1	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk half glass three times a day
Sapotaceae	Vitallaria paradoxum (C.F. Gaertn) Hepper AA-14-07	Wooded grassland	T	B	Diarrhoea	1	3	Dried , powder mixed in water	Drunk 20 ml two times a day
Simaroubaceae	Harrisonia occidentalist (Eng) L.AA-15-07	Ant hills	SH	R	Worms	2	2	Crushed , mixed in warm water	Extract drunk 500 ml a day
				L	Sores on head of children			Crushed	Rubbed on affected area twice a day
Solanaceae	Capsicum frutescens Rodsch. AA-13-07	Under big trees	SH	S	Backache	1	1	Crushed	Crushed bark rubbed on skin cuts
	Solanum sp AA-10-07	Ant hills , open grassland	SH	R	STI	5	2	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R	Ear disease			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract dropped in ear thrice a day
				R	Epilepsy			Crushed , mixed in cold water
				R	Diarrhoea			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk two teaspoon twice a day
				R	Headache			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
	Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq AA-28-07	Homestead	SH	R	Witchcraft	5	5	Crushed	Rub on skin cuts
				R	Hydrocelle			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				R/F	snake bite			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				F	Bone , muscle inflammation			Crushed , mixed in cold water*	Extract drunk
Tiliaceae	Grewia mollis Juss. AA-70-07	Open grassland	T	R	Swollen body part	1	1	Scraped	Plastered on swelling
Tricholomataceae	Termitomyces microcarpus AA-71-07	Forest		R	Boils	1	1	Crushed	Smeared on affected area
Umbellifereae	Steganofaenia oraliacea AA-63-07	Open grassland	SH	R	Measles	2	2	Crushed	Rubbed all over skin
				R	Swollen body			Dried , powdered	Added in one glass of water, drunk twice a day
Urticaceae	Urtica massaica Mildbr. AA-08-07	Forest, swamp	SH	L	Headache	4	4	Crushed	Rubbed on forehead
				R	Menstrual pain			Crushed	Extract drunk four teaspoon twice a day
				R	Boils			Crushed	Extract smeared on affected area once
				R	Cough			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
Verbenaceae	Lanatana camara L. AA-03-07	Garden edge, roadside	SH	L	Ringworms	4	5	Dried , powdered	Smeared on affected area
				L	Cataracts			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract dropped in eye
				R	snake bite			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk 250 ml
				R	Epilepsy			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
	Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir AA-06-07	Gardens	SH	R	Cough	3	28	Crushed , boiled	Extract drunk third a glass
				L	Poison			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
				L	Abdominal pain			picked , cleaned	Chewed
Vitaceae	Cyphostemma adenocaule Descoings. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. AA-01-07	Open grassland	C	R	Wounds	4	3	Sap collected	Rubbed on skin cuts
				R	Abortion			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk three teaspoon three times a day
				R	Boils			Crushed	Extract smeared on affected area once
				R	Cough			Crushed , mixed in cold water	Extract drunk
Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale Roscoe AA-34-07	Homestead	H	R	Meningitis	2	4	Crushed	Rubbed on skin cuts once
				R	Cough			Crushed, warm water added	Drunk
	Aframomum angustifolium K. Schum AA-39-07	Open wooded grassland		S	Cholera	2	11	Crushed , mixed in cold water	Drunk
				S	Diarrhoea			Crushed , mixed in warm water	Drunk 50 ml two times a day for four days

Key: Plant Habit: SH-Shrub T-Tree C- Climber H-Herb G-Grass
Plant part used: R-Roots L-Leaves B-Bark S-Seeds F-Fruit S-Stem F-Flower
Mode of preparation: (1*2*3*) - Used in combination with other plant species
4x- Mixed in oil

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ISSN: 1746-4269

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