Table 3 Wild food species used in the northern slope of the Qinling mountains (plant families given according to APGIII [69])
Family | Name | Part used for food | Habitat | Frequency in Houzhenzi | Frequency in Dali | Name in Houzhenzi | Name in Dali | Ma | Voucher specimen no. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VASCULAR PLANTS | |||||||||||
Actinidiaceae | Actinidia chinensis Planch. | fr | f | *** | *** | yemihoutao | 野猕猴桃 | yemihoutao | 野猕猴桃 | 193 | |
Actinidia polygama Franch. & Sav. | fr | f | 1 | gezaomihoutao | 葛枣猕猴桃 | ||||||
Amaranthaceae | Achyranthes bidentata Blume | ap | e | * | niuxi | 牛膝 | 185 | ||||
Amaranthus caudatus L. | ap | r | ** | 1 | tianximi | 天西米 | ximi | 菥蓂 | |||
Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. paniculatus L., A. viridis L. etc. | ap | r | **** | **** | hancai, renhancai | 汉菜, 人汉菜, | hancai, renhancai | 汉菜, 人汉菜, | 56, 150 | ||
Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium giganteum D. Don | ap | r | **** | *** | huihuicai | 灰灰菜 | huihuicai | 灰灰菜 | x | 49, 160, 216 | |
Chenopodium glaucum L. | ap | x | |||||||||
Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. | ap | e | * | yes | tiesaoba | 铁扫把 | dudusaozhou | 独独扫帚 | 118, 218 | ||
Amaryllidaceae | Allium funckiacfolium Hand.-Mazz. | ap | x | ||||||||
Allium senescens L. | ap | e | x | ||||||||
Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz., Allium cf victorialis L. | ap, u | e | * | * | gejiu, yejiu | 茖韭, 野韭 | gejiu | 茖韭 | 200 | ||
Allium paepalanthoides Airy Shaw | ap, u | e | *** | 1 | tiansuan | 天蒜 | tiansuan | 天蒜 | 27 | ||
Allium spp. (Allium cf. senescens L.; Allium macrostemon Bunge) | ap | e | **** | **** | aijiucai, aisuan, yesuan, yongbaotou, luoerjiu, zongbaotou, yejiucai | 崖韭菜, 崖蒜, 野蒜, 罗儿韭,棕包头, 野韭菜 | xiaosuan, luoerjiu, yancong, aisuan | 小蒜, 罗儿韭, 岩葱, 崖蒜 | 201, 202, 229 | ||
Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. | ap | e | 1 | yejiucai | 野韭菜 | 227 | |||||
Anacardiaceae | Rhus potatninii Maxim. | ap | f | 1 | * | wubeizishu | 五倍子树 | wubeizi | 五倍子 | ||
Rhus verniciflua Stokes | ap | f | * | 1 | qishu | 漆树 | qishuya | 漆树芽 | 18 | ||
Apiaceae | Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk. | ap | f | * | yajiuban | 鸭脚板 | 103, 171 | ||||
Daucus carota L. | ap | r | x | ||||||||
Ligusticum sinense Oliv. 'Chuanhsiung ' | ap | r | * | 1 | chuanxiong | 川芎 | chuanxiong | 川芎 | 51 | ||
Ligusticum levisticum L. | ap | r | 1 | gaoben | 藁本 | ||||||
Oenanthe javanica DC. | ap | x | 1 | ** | beizhe | 背折 | shuiqincai | 水芹菜 | x | 65, 213 | |
Pimpinella sp. | ap | f w | **** | shuiqincai, shaqincai | 水芹菜, 沙芹菜 | 105, 159 | |||||
Tongoloa silaifolia (de Bois.) Wolff | ap | e | 1 | taibaisanqi | 太白三七 | ||||||
Araliaceae | Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W.Sm. | ap | f | x | |||||||
Aralia chinensis L. | ap | f | ** | ** | cilongpao | 刺龙袍 | cilongpao, cichuntou, laohanchuizi | 刺龙袍, 刺椿头, 老汉锤子 | x | 2 | |
Aristolochiaceae | Asarum himalaicum Hook.f. & Thomson ex Klotzsch | ap, u | f | * | maoxixin | 毛细辛 | 7 | ||||
Asarum sieboldii Miq. | ap, u | f | * | xixin | 细辛 | 24, 163 | |||||
Asclepiadiaceae | Cynanchum giraldii Schltr. | u | f | * | geshanxiao | 隔山消 | 133 | ||||
Asparagaceae | Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua | u | f | 1 | huabeimaoqi | 华北毛七 | 74 | ||||
Polygonatum megaphyllum P.Y.Li and Polygonatum odoratum L. | u | f | * | yuzhu, yuzhushen | 玉竹, 玉竹参 | 31, 34 | |||||
Smilacina japonica A.Gray , Smilacina henryi (Baker) Hara | ap | f | * | * | piantoucai | 偏头菜 | piantoucai | 偏头菜 | 6, 129 | ||
Asteraceae | Carduus crispus L. | ap | x | ||||||||
Anaphalis aureopunctata f.flavescens Lingelsh et Borza | ap | e | * | shiqucao | 鼠曲草 | 137 | |||||
Anaphalis margaritacea Benth. & Hook.f. | ap | e | * | qingmingcai | 清明菜 | 116, 161 | |||||
Arctium lappa L. | ls, u | x | * | niubangzi | 牛蒡子 | x | 23, 156 | ||||
Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. | ap | x | |||||||||
Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot | ap | x | |||||||||
Artemisia capillaris Thunb. | ap | x | |||||||||
Artemisia subdigitata Mattf. | ap | r | * | * | ai | 艾 | shuihao | 水蒿 | 21 | ||
Cacalia roborowskii (Maxim.) Y.Ling | ap | e | * | xiongerduo | 熊耳朵 | 44 | |||||
Cirsium arvense var. setosum (Willd.) C.A.Mey | ap | r | ** | ** | honghuamiao, ciji | 红花苗, 刺蓟 | ciji | 刺蓟 | 178, 210 | ||
Cirsium spp. eg Cirsium botryoides Petrak ex Hand.-Mzt. | ap | r | * | xiaoji | 小蓟 | x | 62, 101, 117 | ||||
Cirsium segetum Bunge | ap | r | |||||||||
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist | ap | r | 1 | guangguangcao | 冠罐草 | 141 | |||||
Erigeron acer L. | ap | r | 1 | guangguangcao | 冠罐草 | 59 | |||||
Hieracium sp. | ap | r | ** | kuma(i)cai | 苦荬菜 | 197 | |||||
Ixeris denticulata (Houtt.) Stebbins | ap | r | x | ||||||||
Ixeris chinensis Nakai. | ap | f | x | ||||||||
Ixeris sonchifolia Hance | ap | r | *** | *** | kumaicai | 苦荬菜 | kuqu | x | 122 | ||
Kalimeris pinnatifida (Maxim.) Kitam. | ap | e | * | malantou | 马兰头 | 52, 135, 180 | |||||
Lactuca serriola L. | ap | r | ** | xiaobaijiang, xiaokumacai, kumacai | 小苦荬菜, 苦荬菜 | 107 | |||||
Leontopodium japonicum Miq. | ap | e | * | shuqucao | 鼠曲草 | 136 | |||||
Picris hieracioides L. | ap | r | * | kumaicai | 苦荬菜 | 123, 181 | |||||
Saussurea dolichopoda Diels | ap | f | *** | *** | kongtongcai, kongxincai | 空筒菜, 空心菜 | xiangtongcai, kongxincai | 响筒菜, 空心菜 | 177, 235 | ||
Senecio scandens Ham. | ap | jiuliming | 九里明 | ||||||||
Sinacalia tangutica (Maxim.) B.Nord. | u | e f | * | * | shuiluobo | 水萝卜 | shuiluobo | 水萝卜 | 43, 151 | ||
Sonchus asper L | ap | r | x | ||||||||
Sonchus oleraceus L. | ap | r | x | ||||||||
Sylibum marianum L. | ap | x | |||||||||
Taraxacum mongolicum Han.-Mzt | ap | r | ** | ** | pugongying, kumaicai, dakucai | 蒲公英,苦荬菜,大苦菜 | pugongying | 蒲公英 | x | 8 | |
Balsaminaceae | Impatiens notolopha Maxim. | ap | f | * | daolaonnen | 到老嫩 | 179 | ||||
Begoniaceae | Begonia sinensis A.DC. | ap | f | * | yikouxie | 一口血 | 138 | ||||
Brassicaceae | Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik. | ap | r | *** | * | didicai | 地地菜 | diercai, didicai | 地儿菜, 地地菜 | x | 25 |
Cardamine engleriana O.E.Schultz. | ap | w | 1 | guangtoushansuimiji | 光头山碎米荠 | ||||||
Cardamine macrophylla Willd. | ap | f w | *** | **** | shijiacai | 石夹菜 | shijiacai | 石夹菜 | 20 | ||
Cardamine spp. (other smaller species e.g. Cardamine flexuosa With., C. hirsuta L.) | ap | f | * | * | xiaoshijiacai | 小石夹菜 | huadidi, huadier | 花地地(small caidamine) | 228 | ||
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl | ap | e | ** | yinchen, mihao | 因陈 , 米蒿 | 142 | |||||
Rorippa montana Small | ap | r | * | ** | manjingcai, lalacai | 蔓茎菜, 辣辣菜 | lalacai, lazicai | 辣辣, 辣子菜 | x | 234 | |
Rorippa indica L. | ap | r | x | ||||||||
Thlaspi arvense L. | ap | r | *** | * | jidanhuang | 鸡蛋黄 | kugen | 苦根 | 10, 228 | ||
Campanulaceae | Adenophora spp. (Adenophora capillaris Hemsl., Adenophora polyantha Nakai) | ap, u | e | *** | *** | naijiangcai | 奶浆菜 | naiercai, nainaicai | 奶儿菜, 奶奶菜 | 134, 198, 199, 226 | |
Caprifoliaceae | Lonicera standishii Carr. | fr | f | * | ** | kutangpao | 苦糖泡 | yangnaizi, kutangpao | 羊奶, 苦糖泡 | 26 | |
Sambucus williamsii Hance | ap | f | 1 | 1 | jiegumu | 接骨木 | shuhuacai | 树花菜 | 47 | ||
Viburnum sargentii Koehne | fr | f | 1 | [no name] | 99 | ||||||
Caryophyllaceae | Arenaria serpyllifolia L. | ap | x | ||||||||
Lychnis senno Siebold & Zucc. | ap | e | * | honghuacai | 黄花菜 | 57, 186 | |||||
Silene conoidea L. | ap | r | * | ** | maipiancai | 麦片菜 | maihuaping | 麦花瓶 | x | 140 | |
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. | ap | r | * | eerchang | 鹅儿肠 | 33, 152 | |||||
Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke | ap | r | 1 | pangwawa | 胖娃娃 | ||||||
Celastraceae | Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. | ap | f | **** | *** | baiwanye | 白蔓叶 | baiwanye | 白蔓叶 | 17 | |
Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold | fr | f | 1 | 1 | bashu, bamu | 巴树, 巴木 | bamu | 巴木 | |||
Parnassia wightiana Wall. | ap | f | 1 | xinyecao | 心叶草 | 147 | |||||
Cephalotaxaceae | Cephalotaxus sinensis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) H.L.Li | fr | f | * | 1 | baigeiguo, bizishu, shuibai, sunguo | 白盖果,篦子树,水柏,松果 | sanjianshanguo | 三尖杉果 | 14, 164 | |
Commelinaceae | Commelina communis L. | ap | r | * | danzhuye, zhuyecao, miandazi | 淡竹叶,竹叶草,面鞑子 | 106, 158 | ||||
Convallariaceae | Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. | ap | f | *** | *** | huangguacai | 黄瓜菜 | huangguacai | 黄瓜菜 | 4, 176 | |
Convolvulaceae | Calystegia hederacea Wall. | ap | r | * | dawanhua, labahua | 打碗花, 喇叭花 | x | ||||
Cuscuta cf chinensis L. | ap | e | 1 | wugencao | 无根草 | ||||||
Cornaceae | Cornus kousa Bürger ex Miq. | fr | f | *** | * | shizao | 石枣 | shizaozi, yelizhi | 石枣子, 野荔枝 | 16, 165 | |
Corylaceae | Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Besser | fr | f | * | 1 | zhenzi, maoli, maolizishu, | 榛子, 毛栗子树 | zhenzi | 榛子 | 15, 167 | |
Crassulaceae | Sedum aizoon L., S. sarmentosum Bunge, pampaninii Raym.-Hamet, S. lineare Thunb. | ap | e | ** | ** | gouyaban, gouzacai, machijie, dabusi, chuipencao | 狗牙瓣, 打不死 | shitouya, gouyacai, manaocai | 石头芽, 狗牙菜, 玛瑙菜 | 75, 131, 120, 127, 153, 192, 222 | |
Sedum amplibracteatum K.T.Fu | ap | f | *** | *** | huaqiaoman, lazimiao, lajiaomiao, yelacai | 花荞蔓, 野辣子苗苗, 辣椒苗, 叶辣菜 | lajiaomiao, lalacai, lazicai, yelazi | 辣椒苗, 辣子菜, 野辣子 | 168, 182 | ||
Sedum verticillatum L. | ap | e | 1 | jingtiansanqi | 景天三七 | ||||||
Cucurbitaceae | Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino | ap | e | 1 | jiaogulan | 绞股蓝 | no | ||||
Dennstaedtiaceae | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | ap, u | x | **** | **** | juecai, juegen, longzhua | 蕨菜, 蕨根, 龙爪菜 | yangjuecai, yangjuegen | 羊蕨菜, 羊蕨根 | x | 9, 214 |
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea batatas Decne. | u | f | * | * | shanyao | 山药 | yeshanyao | 野山药 | 53, 191, 209 | |
Dryopteridaceae | Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm. | ap | x | ||||||||
unidentified fern cf. Dryopteridaceae | ap | f | 1 | xiaojitoucai | 小鸡头菜 | 111 | |||||
Ebenaceae | Diospyros lotus L. | fr | x | * | shishu, junqianzi | 柿树, 君迁子 | |||||
Eleagnaceae | Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. | fr | e | *** | 1 | yangnaizi, niunaizi | 羊奶子, 牛奶子 | jianzi | 剪子 | 29, 232 | |
Hippophae rhamnoides L. | fr | x | 1 | xiaoguoshaji | 小果沙棘 | ||||||
Ericaceae | Pyrola decorata Andres | ap | f | * | hongru, shoucha | 红茹,寿茶 | 68 | ||||
Pyrola rotundifolia L. | ap | f | * | bairu, shoucha | 白茹,寿茶 | 69 | |||||
Fabaceae | Cercis chinensis Bunge | ap | f | 1 | momoye | 馍馍叶 | 208 | ||||
Kummerovia stipueacea (Makim.) Makino | ap | e | qiabuqi | 掐不齐 | |||||||
Medicago sativa L. | ap | r | * | muxicai | 苜蓿菜 | 54 | |||||
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi | u | e | ** | * | gegen | 葛根 | gegen | 葛根 | |||
Robinia pseudoacacia L. | ap | f | * | 1 | huaihua | 槐花 | huaihua | 槐花 | x | 40 | |
Vicia cracca L. | ap | r | * | yewandoujian | 野豌豆尖 | 3, 71 | |||||
Vicia sp. | ap | r | 1 | maoshaozi | 毛苕子 | ||||||
Fagaceae | Castanea mollissima Blume | fr | f | ** | ** | yemaoli, yebanli | 野毛栗, 野板栗 | yemaoli, yebanli | 野毛栗, 野板栗 | 130 | |
Quercus variabilis Blume | fr | f | 1 | xiangzishu | 橡子树 | ||||||
Grossulariaceae | Ribes glaciale Wall. | fr | f | 1 | [no name] | 37 | |||||
Helwingiaceae | Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) F.Dietr. | ap | f | **** | **** | yeshanghua | 叶上花 | yeshanghua, yeshanhua | 叶上花, 叶扇花 | x | 22, 175 |
Juglandaceae | Juglans cathayensis Dode | fr | f | ** | ** | yehetao | 野核桃 | yehetao | 野核桃 | ||
Lamiaceae | Caryopteris divaricata Maxim. | ap | f | **** | 1 | choulaohan, laohanxiang | 臭老汉/老汉香 | choulaohan | 臭老汉 | 109 | |
Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. | ap | f | * | choumudan, choulaohan | 臭牡丹,臭老汉 | 11 | |||||
Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. | ap | e | * | yebaicai, zelan | 野白菜,泽兰 | 98 | |||||
Mentha haplocalyx Briq. | ap | e | 1 | bohe, yuxiangcao | 薄荷,鱼香草 | 114 | |||||
Stachys affinis Bunge | u | r | * | diguniu | 地牯牛 | 67, 157 | |||||
Lardizabalaceae | Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. | fr | f | *** | **** | bayuegua, bayuezha | 奶浆菜, 八月炸 | bayuegua, bayuezha | 奶浆菜, 八月炸 | 119 | |
Decaisnea fargesii Franch. | fr | f | *** | *** | maoshigua, yexiangjiao | 猫屎瓜, 野香蕉 | yexiangjiao, maoshigua, maoershi | 野香蕉, 猫屎瓜, 猫儿屎 | 173 | ||
Liliaceae | Hemerocallis spp. (Hemerocallis dumortierii C.Morren, Hemerocallis fulva L.) | fl | e | ** | * | yehuanghua | 野黄花 | yehuanghua | 野黄花 | 42, 139 | |
Lilium brownii F.E.Brown ex Spae | u | f | x | ||||||||
Lilium giganteum Wall. | u | w,f | ** | shuibaihe | 水百合 | 35 | |||||
Lilium longiflorum Thunb. | u | x | |||||||||
Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (as L. tigrinum) | u | x,w | ** | yebaihe | 野百合 | 64, 124, 184 | |||||
Linnaeaceae | Abelia engleriana Rehder | ap | f | *** | * | shenxiandoufu | 神仙豆腐 | shenxiandoufu | 神仙豆腐 | 36 | |
Malvaceae | Grewia biloba G.Don. Var. Parviflora (Bge) Hand.-Mzt. | fr | e | 1 | gebengbeng | 咯嘣蹦 | |||||
Malva sinensis Cav. | if | r | 1 | 1 | dawanhua | 打碗花 | yejinkui | 野锦葵 | 162, 221 | ||
Meliaceae | Toona sinensis (Juss.) M.Roem. | ap | e | **** | **** | xiangchun | 香椿 | xiangchun | 香椿 | x | 5 |
Menispermaceae | Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC. | ap | x | 1 | heimanye | 黑蔓叶 | 233 | ||||
Moraceae | Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. | ap, fl | r | * | * | goushuguo, gouye | 构树果,构 叶 | goutao | 构桃 | x | 132 |
Morus australis Poir. | fr | f | * | sangpao, sangshu | 桑泡,桑树 | 45 | |||||
Onocleaceae | Matteucia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. | ap | x | **** | **** | jitoucai | 鸡头菜 | jiwacai, jiercai | 鸡娃菜, 鸡儿菜 | 46, 174, 220 | |
Orchidaceae | Bletilla striata Rchb.f. | u | f | 1 | baiji | 白芨 | 206 | ||||
Gastrodia elata Blume | u | f | 1 | tianma | 天麻 | ||||||
Oxalidaceae | Oxalis spp. (O. griffithii Edgew. & Hook.f., O. corniculata L.) | ap | f r | * | 1 | suancao, suancai, suansuancao | 酸草,酸菜,酸酸草 | suanjiji | 酸唧唧 | 13, 55, 183 | |
Penthoraceae | Penthorum chinense Pursh. | ap | f | x | |||||||
Phytolaccaceae | Phytolacca esculenta Van Houtte | ap, u, fr | r | * | jiangliusheng | 江柳绳 | x | 212 | |||
Plantaginaceae | Plantago asiatica L. | ap | r e | * | kaimenye, cheqiancao, cheqianzi | 开门叶,车前草,车前子 | 1, 149 | ||||
Veronica didyma Tenore | ap | r | x | ||||||||
Poaceae | unidentified Bambusae | ap | f | 1 | zhusun | 竹笋 | |||||
Polygonaceae | Fagopyrum gracilipes (Hemsl.) Dammer | ap | r | 1 | yeqiaomai, qiaomaimiao | 乔麦苗 | 143 | ||||
Polygonum aviculare L. | ap | r e | 1 | 1 | bianxu | 萹蓄 | bianxucai | 萹蓄草 | 63, 219 | ||
Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi | u | e | * | qiaomaitou | 荞麦头 | ||||||
Rumex crispus L. | ap | e | ** | 1 | niushetou, yedahuang | 牛舌头,野大黄 | luerduo | 驴耳朵 | 66 | ||
Portulaccaceae | Portulacca oleracea L. | ap | r e | 1 | machixian | 马齿苋 | x | ||||
Primulaceae | Lysimachia hemsleyana Maxim. ex Oliv. | ap | e | 1 | guoluhuang | 过路黄 | 144 | ||||
Ranunculaceae | Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (more often cultivated) | u | x | 1 | * | wuyao | 乌药 | wuyao | 乌药 | 50, 155 | |
Rhamnaceae | Berchemia sinica Schneid. | fr | f | * | yaguteng | 亚古藤,勾儿茶 | 121 | ||||
Hovenia dulcis Thunb. | fr | f | 1 | guaizao | 拐枣 | ||||||
Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu | fr | e | 1 | shanzao | 山栆 | ||||||
Rosaceae | Crataegus hupehensis Sarg. | fr | f | * | ** | yeshanzha | 野山楂 | yeshanzha, mianli, mianlizi | 野山楂, 面梨, 面梨子 | ||
Fragaria spp. (Fragaria corymbosa Losinsk., Fragaria pentaphylla Losinsk.) | fr | e | *** | * | caomei, dipao, didipaoxiangpao | 草莓, 地泡, 地地泡, 香泡 | caomei, yecaomei | 草莓, 野草莓 | 58, 169, 170 | ||
Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. | fr | f | 1 | qiuzi | 秋子 | 225 | |||||
Potentilla indica (Andrews) Th.Wolf | u | r e | * | shemei | 蛇莓 | 217 | |||||
Potentilla sp. | ap | r | * | guanyincha | 观音茶 | 115 | |||||
Prunus armeniaca L. | fr | x | ** | ** | yexing | 野杏 | yexing | 野杏 | |||
Prunus canescens Bois, P. pilosiuscula Koehne | fr | f | ** | yeyingtao | 野樱桃 | 39 | |||||
Prunus davidiana Franch. | fr | x | 1 | shantao | 山桃 | ||||||
Prunus cfr polytricha Koehne | fr | f | * | chuantao | 川桃 | 28 | |||||
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | fr | f | ** | *** | yetaozi | 野桃子 | yetaozi | 野桃子 | 38 | ||
Prunus salicina Lindl. | fr | x | *** | *** | yelizi, zemaili, huolizi, huoli, yemaili | 野李子, 火李子, 火李, 野麦李 | yelizi, kuli, huoli | 野李子, 苦李, 火李 | 187 | ||
Prunus tomentosa Thunb. | fr | f | *** | yeyingtao, maoyingtao, maotao | 野樱桃, 毛樱桃, 毛桃 | 224 | |||||
Pyrus xerophila T.T.Yu | fr | e x | *** | ** | yeli, mali, shanli | 野梨, 麻梨, 山梨 | yeli, mali | 野梨, 麻梨 | |||
Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) H.L.Li | fr | e | 1 | jiubingliang | 救兵粮 | ||||||
Rosa omeiensis Rolfe | fr | e | 1 | cishiliu | 刺石榴 | ||||||
Rosa sp. | ap | f | * | cimeihua | 刺玫花 | 110 | |||||
Rubus spp. | fr | e x | *** | * | duanyangpao, xuangouzi | 端阳泡, 悬钩子 | meizi | 莓子 | |||
Rubus coreanus Miq. | fr | e | ** | cipao, dipao, fupenzi | 刺泡, 地泡,覆盆子 | 30 | |||||
Rubus flosculosus Focke | fr | e | ** | caizipao | 菜子泡 | 195 | |||||
Rubus pungens Cambess. | fr | e x | ** | huangcipao | 黄刺泡 | 61 | |||||
Rubiaceae | Galium aparine L. | ap | r | 1 | ranwawa | 然娃娃 | |||||
Rutaceae | Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. | ap, fr | f | * | 1 | yehuajiao | 野花椒 | yehuajiao | 野花椒 | no | |
Sabiaceae | Sabia shensiensis H.Y.Chen | ap | f | * | qingtengcai, tengercai | 青藤菜, 藤儿菜 | qingtengwan | 青藤蔓 | 166 | ||
Salicaceae | Salix cf babylonica L. | ap | e | 1 | liushu | 柳树 | |||||
Santalaceae | Buckleya henryi Diels | fr | f | * | mainhuli, mimianwong | 面核梨, 米面翁 | 231 | ||||
Saururaceae | Houttuynia cordata Thunb. | ap | r | 1 | yuxingcao | 鱼腥草 | x | ||||
Saxifragaceae | Bergenia scopulosa T.P.Wang | ap | w | 1 | yebaicai | 野白菜 | |||||
Chrysosplenium biondianum Engl. | ap | f | *** | *** | hongjincai | 红筋菜 | hongjincai | 红筋菜 | 188 | ||
Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim. | ap | x | |||||||||
Schisandraceae | Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder & E.H.Wilson | fr | f | **** | **** | wuweizi | 五味子 | wuweizi | 五味子 | 48, 196 | |
Solanaceae | Physalis alkekengi L. | ap | r | * | guajindeng, denglonghuacai | 挂金, 灯笼花菜 | 215 | ||||
Solanum nigrum L. | ap | r | 1 | * | suanjiang | 酸浆 | heilaopo, longkai | 黑老婆 | x | 70, 211 | |
Staphyleaceae | Staphylea bumalda DC., S. holocarpa Hemsl. | ap, fl | f | **** | shuhuacai | 树花菜 | 12, 189, 190 | ||||
Ulmaceae | Ulmus bergmanniana C.K.Schneid., Ulmus propinqua Koidz. | ap, b, if | f e | ** | * | yushu | 榆树 | yushu | 榆树 | x | 32, 60 |
Urticaceae | Boehmeria gracilis C.H.Wright | ap | x | * | honghema | 红河麻 | 128, 194 | ||||
Boehmeria tricuspis Makino | ap | x | * | hema | 河麻 | 76 | |||||
Pilea mongolica Wedd. | ap | f | * | daolaonen | 到老嫩 | 207 | |||||
Urtica fissa E.Pritz. ex Diels | ap | x | * | baihema | 白河麻 | 41 | |||||
Violaceae | Viola cf. grypoceras A.Gray | ap | r | 1 | didingcao | 地丁草 | 145 | ||||
Vitaceae | Vitis ficifolia Bunge | fr | f | *** | *** | yeputao | 野葡萄 | yeputao | 野葡萄 | 19 | |
FUNGI | |||||||||||
Auriculariaceae | Auricularia sp. (more often cultivated) | fb | f | * | * | muer | 木耳 | muer | 木耳 | ||
Boletaceae | Boletus spp. | fb | f | ** | * | niuganjun, dajiaogu | 牛肝菌, 大脚菇 | niuganjun | 牛肝菌 | 204, 236 | |
Cantharellaceae | Cantharellus cibarius Fr. | fb | f | ** | ** | huangsijun | 牛肝菌 | huangsijun, jiyoujun | 牛肝菌, 鸡油菌 | 203 | |
Gomphaceae | Ramaria spp. | fb | f | *** | * | shuabajun | 刷把菌 | guoshuajun | 锅刷菌 | 205 | |
Hericiaceae | Hericium sp. | fb | f | * | * | houtoujun | 猴头菌 | houtoujun | 猴头菌 | ||
Marasmiaceae | Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (more often cultivated) | fb | f | ** | 1 | yexianggu | 野香菇 | yexianggu | 野香菇 | ||
Meripilaceae | Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilát | fb | f | ** | ** | zhulingjun | 猪苓菌 | zhulingjun, zhulinghua | 猪苓菌, 猪苓花 | 223 | |
Morchellaceae | Morchella sp. | fb | f | * | yangquejun | 羊雀菌 | |||||
Pleurotaceae | Pleurotus sp. | fb | f | *** | * | dongjun | 冻菌 | dongjun | 冻菌 | ||
Polyporaceae | Laetiporus sulphureus (??) | fb | f | * | jiguanjun | 鸡冠菌 | |||||
Tricholomataceae | Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito & S. Imai) Singer (?) | fb | f | * | songrongjun | 松茸菌 | |||||
UNIDENTIFIED MUSHROOM | fb | f | * | qiaomianjun | 荞面菌 | ||||||
UNIDENIFIED TERRESTRIAL GILLED MUSHROOM | fb | f | ** | ** | banlijun | 板栗菌 | banlijun, maolijun | 板栗菌, 毛栗菌 | |||
UNIDENTIFIED MUSHROOM | fb | f | ** | qiaomaijun | 荞麦菌 | ||||||
UNIDENTIFIED MUSHROOM | fb | f | 1 | baogujun | 包谷菌 | ||||||
UNIDENTIFIED MUSHROOM | fb | f | * | yangdujun | 羊肚菌 | ||||||
UNIDENTIFIED MUSHROOM | fb | f | * | mabojun | 马脖菌 | ||||||