Table 2 An inventory of floral diversity documented by local respondents (n=450) from three districts (Faisalabad, Sargodha and Lahore) of Punjab, Pakistan for the treatment of equine disease
Sr. | Botanical name/ | Local name | Family | Part (s) used | Usage diversity | No. of | Part of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | English name | prescriptions | remedies | ||||
1. | Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile | Desi kikar | Fabaceae | Branches | Internal parasites, swelling | 2 | 2 |
2. | Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don | Piyaz | Liliaceae | Bulb | Anorexia, bad habits, bronchitis, colic, diarrhea, fever, heat stress, indigestion, pain, quidding, weakness | 11 | 33 |
3. | Allium sativum L. | Lehsan | Liliaceae | Bulb | Bronchitis, fever, indigestion | 3 | 3 |
4. | Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. | Kawar gandal | Aloaceae | Leaves | Anorexia, bronchitis | 2 | 2 |
5. | Amomum subulatum Roxb. | Ilaichi | Zingiberaceae | Fruit | Fever | 1 | 1 |
6. | Anethum graveolens L. | Soye | Umbelliferae | Seeds | Anorexia, bronchitis, colic, fever, indigestion, lameness, toxemia, weakness | 8 | 10 |
7. | Azadirachta indica A. Juss. | Neem | Meliaceae | Leaves | Dermatitis, external parasites, lameness, wound | 5 | 13 |
8. | Bambusa bambos L. | Bans | Bambusaceae | Leaves | Bronchitis | 1 | 1 |
9. | Brassica campestris L. ssp. napus Duthie and Fuller | Surson | Brassicaseae | Seeds, seed oil | Colic, dermatitis, diarrhea, external parasites, lameness, retention of urine, swelling, weakness, wound | 8 | 47 |
10. | Calotropis procera (Ait.) W.T.Ait. | Aak | Asclepiadaceae | Buds | Weakness | 1 | 1 |
11. | Capsicum annum L. | Subz mirch | Solanaceae | Fruit | Anorexia, bronchitis, fever, indigestion, lameness, quidding, retention of urine, toxemia, weakness | 9 | 19 |
12. | Cascuta reflexa Roxb. | Akas bail | Cuscutaceae | Whole plant | Lameness | 1 | 1 |
13. | Cicer arietinum L. | Kalay chaney | Fabaceae | Seeds | Dermatitis, lameness, wound | 3 | 4 |
14. | Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. | Kor tumma | Cucurbitaceae | Fruit | Anorexia, fever, indigestion, weakness | 4 | 9 |
15. | Citrus limon (L.) Burm. | Nimbu | Rutaceae | Fruit | Lameness, wound | 2 | 2 |
16. | Cocos nucifera L. | Giri | Arecaceae | Oil | Lameness | 1 | 1 |
17. | Curcuma longa L. | Haldi | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | External parasite, lameness, wound | 3 | 8 |
18. | Eruca sativa Mill. | Tara mera | Cruciferae | Seed, seed oil | Dermatitis, external parasite, wound | 3 | 5 |
19. | Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. | Loung | Myrtaceae | Fruit | Anorexia, lameness, pain | 3 | 4 |
20. | Euphorbia caducifolia Haines. | Danda thor | Euphorbiaceae | Branches | Colic | 1 | 1 |
21. | Ficus religiosa L. | Pipal | Moraceae | Bark | Swelling | 1 | 1 |
22. | Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. | Sounf | Apiaceae | Seeds | Indigestion, weakness | 2 | 2 |
23. | Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet | Ratan jot | Geraniaceae | Seeds | Lameness, wound | 2 | 4 |
24. | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | Mullathi | Fabaceae | Roots | Bronchitis | 1 | 7 |
25. | Grewia asiatica L. | Falsa | Tiliaceae | Fruit | Lameness | 1 | 1 |
26. | Halorrhena pubescens Wall. ExG. Don. | Kuro | Apocynaceae | Bark | Heat stress | 1 | 1 |
27. | Hordeum vulgare L. | Jow | Poaceae | Seeds | Heat stress | 1 | 1 |
28. | Lagenaria siceraria Molina | Kuddo | Cucurbitaceae | Leaves | Internal parasite | 1 | 1 |
29. | Lawsonia inermis L. | Mehndi | Lythraceae | Leaves | Wound | 1 | 7 |
30. | Lens culinaris Medik. | Masoor | Fabaceae | Seeds | Wound | 1 | 1 |
31. | Lepidium sativum L. | Halion | Apiaceae | Seeds | Internal parasites, weakness | 2 | 2 |
32. | Linum usitatissimum L. | Alsi | Linaceae | Seeds | Internal parasites | 1 | 1 |
33. | Mallotus philippinensis (Lamk.) Meull. Arg. | Kamela | Euphorbiaceae | Fruit | Anorexia, internal parasites | 2 | 4 |
34. | Mangifera indica L. | Aam | Anacardiaceae | Fruit | Lameness | 1 | 1 |
35. | Medicago sativa L. | Lusan | Papilionaceae | Leaves | Lameness | 1 | 1 |
36. | Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. | Podina | Lamiaceae | Leaves | Anorexia | 1 | 1 |
37. | Myristica fragrans HOUTT. | Jaful | Myristicaceae | Fruit | Lameness, pain, tetanus | 3 | 5 |
38. | Nicotiana tabacum L. | Tambaku | Solanaceae | Leaves | Colic, pain | 2 | 3 |
39. | Nigella sativa L. | Kalonji | Ranunculaceae | Seeds | Anorexia, bronchitis | 2 | 2 |
40. | Olea europaea L. | Zaytoon | Oleaceae | Fruit | Lameness | 1 | 1 |
41. | Oryza sativa L. | Chawal | Poaceae | Whole plant | Internal parasites | 1 | 1 |
42. | Peganum harmala L. | Hurmil | Zygophyllaceae | Fruit | Anorexia, lameness, pain, swelling | 4 | 4 |
43. | Pennisetum glaucum L. | Bajra | Poaceae | Whole | Lameness | 1 | 1 |
44. | Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex. Benth. | Kourdh | Scrofulariaceae | Rhizome | Anorexia, fever, indigestion, lameness, tetanus, weakness | 6 | 11 |
45. | Piper betle L. | Paan | Piperaceae | Leaves | Anorexia | 1 | 1 |
46. | Piper nigrum L. | Kali mirch | Piperaceae | Pepper corn | Anorexia, bronchitis, toxemia | 3 | 5 |
47. | Prunus dulcis Mill. | Badam | Rosaceae | Seed | Diarrhea | 1 | 1 |
48. | Ricinus communis L. | Arind | Euphorbiaceae | Flower oil | Internal parasites | 1 | 1 |
49. | Rosa damascena Mill. | Gulab | Rosaceae | Flowers | Bronchitis | 1 | 4 |
50. | Sesamum indicum L. | Til | Pedaliaceae | Seeds, seed oil | Colic, dermatitis, lameness, pain | 4 | 7 |
51. | Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill. | Ajwain | Apiaceae | Seeds | Anorexia, bronchitis, colic, fever, heat stress, indigestion, lameness, retention of urine | 8 | 19 |
52. | Trifolium alexandrinum L. | Barseem | Papilionaceae | Whole plant | Wound | 1 | 1 |
53. | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. | Methray | Fabaceae | Seeds | Toxemia | 1 | 1 |
54. | Triticum aestivum L. | Gundum | Poaceae | Flour, grain | External parasites, lameness, weakness, wound | 4 | 5 |
55. | Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. | Kali zeeri | Asteraceae | Seeds | Anorexia, bronchitis, colic, diarrhea, heat stress, indigestion, lameness, toxemia, + Weakness+ Wound | 10 | 23 |
56. | Withania coagulans Dunal | Paneer | Solanaceae | Leaves | Anorexia, fever, indigestion, weakness | 4 | 4 |
57. | Withania somnifera L. Dunal | Aksan | Solanaceae | Leaves | Wound | 1 | 1 |
58. | Zea mays L. | Makai | Gramineae | Flour | Anorexia, haematuria, weakness, wound | 4 | 5 |
59. | Zingiber officinale Roscoe | Adrak | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Anorexia, bronchitis, colic, fever, heat stress, indigestion, lameness, pain, tetanus, weakness | 10 | 26 |
60. | Ziziphus jujuba L. Lam., non P. Mill. | Beri | Rhamnaceae | Leaves | Wound | 1 | 1 |