Table 2 Comparison between fishers’ LEK* and the scientific literature about the predators of fish species in Ilhabela (Brazil)**
From: Fishers’ knowledge about fish trophic interactions in the southeastern Brazilian coast
| Fish species (Local name) | Predators from fishers’ LEK | Predators from the scientific literature | Likelihood |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bodianus rufus (Godião) | Shark (12) | Lutjanidae - Teleostei [85] | Low |
| Epinephelus marginatus (Garoupa) |
Caranhaa (27) Merob (23) Shark (15) Otter (15) | No data | Medium |
| Epinephelus morio (Garoupa) |
Caranha (23) Mero (23) Shark (15) Otter (15) | No data | Medium |
| Caranx latus Xaréu |
Dolphin (42) Caranha (23) Espada (23) Mero (23) Shark (12) Porpoise (12) | Coryphaenidae – Teleostei [86]; Laridae – sea birds [87] | Low |
| Umbrina coroides (Betara) |
Shark (27) Caranha (19) Mero (19) Espada (15) Dolphin (12) Garoupa (12) | No data | Medium |
| Mycteroperca bonaci (Badejo) |
Caranha (23) Mero (23) Garoupa (12) Otter (12) | No data | Medium |
| Mugil curema (Parati) |
Dolphin (58) Espada (23) Mero (23) Caranha (19) Shark (12) Otter (12) | Centropomidae - Teleostei [46]; Sulidae – sea bird [88]; Delphinidae – dolphin [89] | High |
| Seriola lalandi (Olhete) |
Dolphin (38) Mero (19) Caranha (15) Shark (12) Otter (12) | Coryphaenidae - Teleostei [88] | Low |
| Bodianus pulchellus (Godião) |
Caranha (23) Mero (23) Garoupa (19) Shark (12) | No data | Medium |
| Oligoplites saliens (Guaivira) |
Dolphin (19) Shark (15) Caranha (15) Mero (15) | No data | Medium |
| Pomatomus saltatrix (Anchova) |
Dolphin (62) Shark (23) Caranha (23) Mero (19) Garoupa (12) Otter (12) | Alopiidae, Carcharhinidae, Lamnidae, Squatinidae – Elasmobranchii [90-93]; Scombridae, Xiphiidae, Pomatomidae - Teleostei [94-96] | Low |
| Caranx crysos (Xarelete) |
Dolphin (46) Shark (38) Caranha (19) Espada (15) Mero (15) Garoupa (12) | Scombridae, Coryphaenidae, Istiophoridae, Sphyraenidae – Teleostei [85,86,97,98]; Laridae – sea bird [87] | Low |
| Micropogonias furnieri (Corvina) |
Dolphin (15) Caranha (15) Mero (15) Shark (12) | Triakidae - Elasmobranchii [99]; Sciaenidae – Teleostei [100,101]; Sulidae – sea bird [90]; Delphinidae – dolphin [102,103] | High |
| Cynoscion jamaicensis (Goete) |
Caranha (23) Shark (19) Espada (19) Mero (19) Dolphin (12) | Delphinidae – dolphin [102,104] | Medium |
| Stegastes fuscus (Café torrado) |
Garoupa (31) Mero (27) Caranha (23) | Serranidae – Teleostei [85] | High |
| Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Sororoca) |
Dolphin (46) Caranha (19) Espada (19) Mero (19) Shark (15) | No data | Medium |
| Centropomus parallelus (Robalo) |
Mero (38) Caranha (19) Shark (12) | No data | Medium |
| Mycteroperca acutirostris (Miracelo) |
Mero (35) Caranha (27) Otter (19) Garoupa (15) Shark (12) | No data | Medium |
| Abudefduf saxatilis (Tiniuna) |
Garoupa (35) Mero (31) Caranha (19) | Serranidae, Labridae, Rachycentridae – Teleostei [85,105,106] | High |
| Euthynnus alleteratus (Bonito) |
Dolphin (54) Mero (27) Garoupa (23) Caranha (15) Shark (12) | Scombridae, Coryphaenidae, Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae – Teleostei [86,89,97,98,107-112]; Laridae – sea bird [87] | Low |
| Trichiurus lepturus (Espada) |
Dolphin (50) Mero (23) Espada (19) Shark (12) Caranha (12) | Carcharhinidae, Lamnidae, Sphyrnidae - Elasmobranchii, [93,113-118]; Scombridae, Coryphaenidae, Istiophoridae, Sciaenidae, Trichiuridae, Rachycentridae, Pomatomidae – Teleostei [69,89,97,98,106,111,119]; Delphinidae, Pontoporiidae – dolphin [102-104,118,120,121] | High |
| Mugil liza (Tainha) |
Dolphin (54) Shark (15) Caranha (15) Garoupa (15) Mero (15) | Pomatomidae – Teleostei [46]; Sulidae – sea bird [89] | Low |
| Menticirrhus americanus (Betara) |
Shark (23) Dolphin (15) Caranha (15) Garoupa (12) Mero (12) | Carcharhinidae – Elasmobranchii [114,122]; Delphinidae – dolphin [118] | High |
| Lutjanus synagris (Vermelho) |
Mero (31) Caranha (23) Garoupa (19) Dolphin (12) Espada (12) | Serranidae – Teleostei [85]; Delphinidae – dolphin [89] | High |