Table 2 Comparison between fishers’ LEK* and the scientific literature about the predators of fish species in Ilhabela (Brazil)**
From: Fishers’ knowledge about fish trophic interactions in the southeastern Brazilian coast
Fish species (Local name) | Predators from fishers’ LEK | Predators from the scientific literature | Likelihood |
|---|---|---|---|
Bodianus rufus (Godião) | Shark (12) | Lutjanidae - Teleostei [85] | Low |
Epinephelus marginatus (Garoupa) | Caranhaa (27) Merob (23) Shark (15) Otter (15) | No data | Medium |
Epinephelus morio (Garoupa) | Caranha (23) Mero (23) Shark (15) Otter (15) | No data | Medium |
Caranx latus Xaréu | Dolphin (42) Caranha (23) Espada (23) Mero (23) Shark (12) Porpoise (12) | Low | |
Umbrina coroides (Betara) | Shark (27) Caranha (19) Mero (19) Espada (15) Dolphin (12) Garoupa (12) | No data | Medium |
Mycteroperca bonaci (Badejo) | Caranha (23) Mero (23) Garoupa (12) Otter (12) | No data | Medium |
Mugil curema (Parati) | Dolphin (58) Espada (23) Mero (23) Caranha (19) Shark (12) Otter (12) | Centropomidae - Teleostei [46]; Sulidae – sea bird [88]; Delphinidae – dolphin [89] | High |
Seriola lalandi (Olhete) | Dolphin (38) Mero (19) Caranha (15) Shark (12) Otter (12) | Coryphaenidae - Teleostei [88] | Low |
Bodianus pulchellus (Godião) | Caranha (23) Mero (23) Garoupa (19) Shark (12) | No data | Medium |
Oligoplites saliens (Guaivira) | Dolphin (19) Shark (15) Caranha (15) Mero (15) | No data | Medium |
Pomatomus saltatrix (Anchova) | Dolphin (62) Shark (23) Caranha (23) Mero (19) Garoupa (12) Otter (12) | Alopiidae, Carcharhinidae, Lamnidae, Squatinidae – Elasmobranchii [90-93]; Scombridae, Xiphiidae, Pomatomidae - Teleostei [94-96] | Low |
Caranx crysos (Xarelete) | Dolphin (46) Shark (38) Caranha (19) Espada (15) Mero (15) Garoupa (12) | Scombridae, Coryphaenidae, Istiophoridae, Sphyraenidae – Teleostei [85,86,97,98]; Laridae – sea bird [87] | Low |
Micropogonias furnieri (Corvina) | Dolphin (15) Caranha (15) Mero (15) Shark (12) | Triakidae - Elasmobranchii [99]; Sciaenidae – Teleostei [100,101]; Sulidae – sea bird [90]; Delphinidae – dolphin [102,103] | High |
Cynoscion jamaicensis (Goete) | Caranha (23) Shark (19) Espada (19) Mero (19) Dolphin (12) | Medium | |
Stegastes fuscus (Café torrado) | Garoupa (31) Mero (27) Caranha (23) | Serranidae – Teleostei [85] | High |
Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Sororoca) | Dolphin (46) Caranha (19) Espada (19) Mero (19) Shark (15) | No data | Medium |
Centropomus parallelus (Robalo) | Mero (38) Caranha (19) Shark (12) | No data | Medium |
Mycteroperca acutirostris (Miracelo) | Mero (35) Caranha (27) Otter (19) Garoupa (15) Shark (12) | No data | Medium |
Abudefduf saxatilis (Tiniuna) | Garoupa (35) Mero (31) Caranha (19) | Serranidae, Labridae, Rachycentridae – Teleostei [85,105,106] | High |
Euthynnus alleteratus (Bonito) | Dolphin (54) Mero (27) Garoupa (23) Caranha (15) Shark (12) | Scombridae, Coryphaenidae, Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae – Teleostei [86,89,97,98,107-112]; Laridae – sea bird [87] | Low |
Trichiurus lepturus (Espada) | Dolphin (50) Mero (23) Espada (19) Shark (12) Caranha (12) | Carcharhinidae, Lamnidae, Sphyrnidae - Elasmobranchii, [93,113-118]; Scombridae, Coryphaenidae, Istiophoridae, Sciaenidae, Trichiuridae, Rachycentridae, Pomatomidae – Teleostei [69,89,97,98,106,111,119]; Delphinidae, Pontoporiidae – dolphin [102-104,118,120,121] | High |
Mugil liza (Tainha) | Dolphin (54) Shark (15) Caranha (15) Garoupa (15) Mero (15) | Low | |
Menticirrhus americanus (Betara) | Shark (23) Dolphin (15) Caranha (15) Garoupa (12) Mero (12) | Carcharhinidae – Elasmobranchii [114,122]; Delphinidae – dolphin [118] | High |
Lutjanus synagris (Vermelho) | Mero (31) Caranha (23) Garoupa (19) Dolphin (12) Espada (12) | High |