Table 15 Responses of Chitwan National Park buffer zone people to awareness test questions

1

All snakes surrounding us are venomous

2

1

142

95

6

0

HA

2

Snakes can have rebirth

22

15

98

65

30

0

A

3

Snakes can hypnotize

15

10

96

64

39

0

A

4

View of snake on the way/journey bode good future

34

23

92

61

24

0

A

5

After bites, snakes go to tree-top to view victim’s funeral

7

5

91

61

52

0

A

6

Snakes eyes can photograph to take revenge

43

29

86

57

21

0

A

7

Kill partner of snake to avoid revenge of survived ones

59

39

72

48

19

0

MA

8

Snakes possess invaluable stone ‘Mani’

53

35

63

42

34

0

MA

9

Snakes can suckle milk from cows, goats, or sheep

57

38

62

41

30

1

MA

10

Some snakes guard the property of people

59

39

61

41

30

0

MA

11

Vine snakes bite only on eye or forehead

55

37

58

39

37

0

MA

12

There are two-mouthed snakes

40

27

49

33

61

0

MA

13

Snakes (e.g., cobras) can dance in tune of music

82

55

39

26

29

0

MA

b. Traditional belief on pre-hospital care

1

Visiting traditional healers

18

12

128

85

2

2

HA

2

Sucking wound

34

23

108

72

5

3

A

3

Applying other traditional concoction topically

25

17

90

60

31

4

A

4

Squeezing the wound

47

31

88

59

13

2

A

5

Ingesting other traditional concoction

32

21

85

57

27

6

A

6

Applying the cloaca of chickens

28

19

82

55

34

6

A

7

Ingesting chillies

45

30

82

55

19

4

A

8

Applying honey on the site of bite

20

13

76

51

49

5

A

9

Incising bite site

62

41

74

49

12

2

MA

10

Ingesting herbal medicine

40

27

74

49

31

5

MA

11

Applying herbal medicine topically

43

29

72

48

31

4

MA

12

Using snake stone

47

31

63

42

36

4

MA

13

Applying (tight) tourniquet

95

63

48

32

4

3

MA

c. Seeking medical help of doubtful use

1

Visiting medical person

133

89

5

3

1

11

UA

2

Visiting any hospital or healthcare centre

141

94

4

3

1

4

UA

d. Recommended measures of pre-hospital care

1

Visiting healthcare facilities supplied with antivenom

142

95

2

1

3

3

HA

2

Envenomation can be cured by antivenom

132

88

8

5

7

3

HA

3

Availability of nearby snakebite treatment centre

125

83

22

15

3

0

HA

4

Pressure immobilization bandaging (PIB)

92

61

40

27

12

6

A

5

Local compression pad immobilization (LCPI)

77

51

47

31

17

9

A