An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal and edible plants of Yalo Woreda in Afar regional state, Ethiopia

Teklehaymanot, Tilahun

doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0166-7

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 1 Medicinal plants used for treatment of human and animal illness in Yalow Woreda, 2016

From: An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal and edible plants of Yalo Woreda in Afar regional state, Ethiopia

Family	Scientific Name [References of other studies]	Disease	Parts	Application (Animal type)	FL	Voucher No.
Acanthaceae	Barleria homoiotrichia C. B. Clarke	Mumps	F	Topical	0.60	YA 046
	Barleria homoiotrichia C. B. Clarke	Herpes Zoster	B	Oral, nasal, body wash	0.60	YA 046
	Justicia schimperiana (Hochst.ex Nees) T. Anders	Somnambulism	F	Oral, body wash	0.33	YA 022
		Diphtheria	B	Oral
		Retained placenta	R	Oral (Camel)
	Ruellia patula Jacq.	Swelling	L	Oral	0.67	YA 021
	Ruellia patula Jacq.	Meningitis	WP	Nasal	0.67	YA 021
Aizoaceae	Aizoon canariensis L.	Head injury	L	Topical	1.00	YA 089
	Aizoon canariensis L.	Schizophrenia	WP	Inhaling	1.00	YA 089
	Trianthema portulacastrum L.*	Hand swelling	L	Topical	0.67	YA 014
		Snake Bite	WP	Nasal
		Herpes Zoster	WP	Nasal
Alliaceae	Allium sativum L.	Somnambulism	Fr	Oral, body wash	0.50	YA 004
		Skin infection	Fr	Topical
		PPR	Fr	Oral (Cattle)
Aloaceae	Aloe trichosantha A. Berger *	Diphtheria	L,S	Oral, body wash	0.30	YA 098
		Eye sickness	La	Eye-drop
		Snake bite	R	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Malaria	L	Oral
		Breast infection	L,S	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Delayed placenta	L,R	Oral
		Black leg/ joint illness	R	Topical (Cow oxen)
		Brucellosis	L, S	Oral, nasal, ear, body wash (Camel, cow, goat)
Amaranthaceae	Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Schultes	Breast infection	L	Nasal, body wash	0.31	YA 077
		Epistaxis	R	Oral, nasal
		Wound	L	Topical
		STIs	R	Oral, body wash
		Mastitis and contagious agalactia	L	Oral, nasal, body wash (Goat, cow)
		PPR	R	Nasal (Goat)
	Celosia polystachia (Forssk.) C.C. Towns.*	Breast cancer	L	Oral, nasal, topical	0.47	YA 103
		Epilepsy	L	Oral
		Dyspepsia	L	Oral
		Typhoid	WP	Oral, wash body
		Jaundice	L	Oral
		EPTB	L	Oral
		Lung infection	YP	Oral
		Mumps	WP	Oral
		Blackleg	R	Oral, nasal (Cattle)
		Mastitis and contagious agalactia	L	Oral, nasal, ear, body wash (Camel, cow, goat)
		PPR	L	Oral (Cattle)
	Sericocomopsis pallida (S. Moore) Schinz*	Head wound	L	Topical	1.00	YA 002
Anacardiaceae	Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex C. Krauss	Swelling on body	L	Oral	0.33	YA 012
		Snake bite	R	Oral, tying
		Topical wound, External body infection	L	Topical insertion (Camel, Cattle)
Apiaceae	Ferula communis L.	Somnambulism	F	Oral, body wash	0.67	YA 094
		Dyspepsia	F	Oral
		Schizophrenia	L	Body wash
		PPR	Fr	Oral (Cattle)
Apocynaceae	Acokanthera schimperi (A. DC.) Schwein	Kidney infection	R	Oral, topical	0.50	YA 027
		Eye Infection	L/La	Eye-drop
		PPR	L	Oral, nasal (Cattle Camel)
	Pergularia tomentosa L.	Evil Eye	R	Body wash	0.50	YA 024
	Pergularia tomentosa L.	Snake Bite	L	Oral, nasal, ear	0.50	YA 024
Aristolochiaceae	Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.	Diphtheria	WP	Topical	0.71	YA 087
		Jaundice	WP	Oral
		Swelling on body	L	Oral, body wash
		Snake Bite	R	Oral
		Eye infection	L	Eye-drop
Asclepiadaceae	Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait.f.	Typhoid	FB, L	Oral, Nasal	0.29	YA 043
		Dyspepsia	F	Oral
		Breast swelling	L	Nasal, Topical
		Herpes Zoster	L	Nasal
		Mouth infection	B	Oral, mouth wash
		Black leg	YP	Oral, nasal (Cattle)
		Anthrax	S, L	Oral (Cattle)
		Mastitis and contagious agalactia	L	Oral, nasal, body wash (Camel, cow)
	Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.) R.Br.*	Flue	R	Sniffing, nasal	0.40	YA 073
		Asthma	L	Inhaling
		Angina	R	Oral
		Schizophrenia	WP	Oral, nasal
Asteraceae	Kleinia squarrosa Cufod.*	Somnambulism	L	Body wash	0.50	YA 020
	Kleinia squarrosa Cufod.*	Eye infection	L	Eye-drop	0.50	YA 020
	Parthenium hysterophorus L.*	Somnambulism	F	Oral	1.00	YA 093
	Xanthium strumarium L.	Dyspepsia	WP	Oral, nasal	1.00	YA 030
Balanitaceae	Balanites aegyptiaca (van Tieghem) Blatter	Infant sickness	R	Oral	0.43	YA 095
		Breast cancer	L	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Lung Infection	R,B	Oral, nasal
		Kola kusil,	L	Oral, topical
		Mumps	L	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Dysentery	L.B	Oral
		Herpes Zoster	B /R	Oral, nasal
		Devil Disease	B	Oral
		Brucellosis	L	Oral (Cow, goat)
		Blackleg	R	Oral (Cow, goat)
		Trypanosomiasis	R	Oral (Cow, goat)
		CCPP	R	Oral (Cow, goat)
		Pastuerollosis	L	Oral (Cattle)
		Bovine TB	B	Oral, nasal (Cattle)
	Balanites rotundifolia (van Tiegn.) Blatter	Malaria	L	Oral	0.43	YA 008
		Infant sickness	UP	Oral, nasal, ear, washing
		Mumps	R	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Flue, cough	L	Nasal, oral
		Breast cancer	L	Oral, topical
		ETPB	L	Oral, nasal, topical
		Jaundice	L,B	Oral
		Dyspepsia	L,R	Oral
		Eye injury	R	Eye-drop
		Bullet injury	B,S	Tying/ topical
		Herpes Zoster	L	Nasal, body wash
		Blackleg	R	Nasal (Goat)
		Mastitis and contagious agalactia	L	Oral (Cow, goat, Camel)
		Bovine pastuerollosis	L	Oral (Cattle)
		PPR	R	Nasal (Goat, sheep)
		Bovine TB	YP	Oral, nasal (Cattle)
Boraginaceae	Bourreria orbicularis (Hutch. & E.A. Bruce) Thulin	Breast cancer	L	Oral	1.00	YA 065
		Brucellosis	L	Oral (Cow, goat)
		Bovine TB	Fr	Oral, nasal (Cattle)
	Cordia sinensis Lam.	Arthritis	WP	Topical insertion	0.67	YA 072
	Cordia sinensis Lam.	Topical wound infection	B	Topical (Cow, goat, Camel)	0.67	YA 072
	Heliotropium cinerascens Steud. ex A. DC.	Head injury	L	Topical	0.50	YA 009
		Arthritis	S	Topical insertion
		Leprosy	L	Topical
		Skin infection	L,R	Topical (Cow, goat, Camel)
	Heliotropium longiflorum (A. DC.) Jaub. & Spach	White on eye	B	Topical	1.00	YA 049
Brassicaceae	Lepidium sativum L.	Somnambulism	F	Oral, body wash	0.67	YA 084
		Devil Disease	F	Oral
		Dysentery	F	Oral, nasal
Capparidaceae	Boscia coriacea Pax.	Retained Placenta	R	Tying	0.55	YA 016
		Leprosy	L	Topical
		Lung Infection	L	Oral
		Snake Bite	L,F	Oral, topical
	Cadaba farinosa Forssk.	Eye sickness	L	Fumigation	0.22	YA 078
		Lung Infection	L	Sniffing, nasal
		Mitch/Flue	L	Sniffing, nasal
		Swelling on body	L	Topical, nasal
		Head Injury	L	Topical
		Breast cancer	L	Oral
		Dyspepsia	L	Oral, nasal
		Typhoid	L	Oral, nasal
		Angina Pectoris	L	Oral
		ETPB	S	Oral
		Anthrax	R	Oral, nasal
		Arthritis	R	Tying, topical
		Impotence	R	Oral, tying
		Infant sickness	L	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Mastitis and contagious agalactia	L	Oral, nasal, ear, body wash (Cow, goat)
		Anthrax	YP	Oral (Oxen)
		Bovine pastuerollosis	L	Oral (Cattle)
	Cadaba glandulosa Forssk.	Lung infection	L,S	Oral	0.33	YA 034
		Meningitis	L	Oral, body wash
		Dyspepsia	L	Oral
		Breast cancer	L	Oral, nasal, topical
		Snake bite	L,R	Oral, nasal, topical
		Jaundice	L	Oral, body wash
		Tonsillitis	L	Oral, body wash
		Lung infection	L,R	Oral
		Typhoid	L	Oral, nasal
		Swelling on skin	L	Oral, topical
		Bovine pastuerollosis	L	Oral (Cattle)
	Cadaba rotundifolia Forssk	Arthritis	S	Topical	0.19	YA 003
		Eye sickness	L	Fumigation
		Arthritis	S	Topical insertion
		Tonsillitis	L	Oral, nasal
		Flue/Mitch	L	Inhaling
		Retained Placenta	R	Oral
		Broken head	L	Topical insertion
		Snake Bite	L	Oral
		Retained Placenta	R	Oral, nasal (Camel, Cattle)
		External parasite	R	Topical (Cow, goat, sheep)
		Brucellosis	WP	Oral (Goat, camel, cow)
		ORF	UP	Oral (Goat, sheep)
		CCPP	WP	Oral (Goat)
		Bloating	R	Oral (Cattle)
		Bovine TB	L	Oral, nasal (Cattle)
	Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew.	Anthrax	S	Oral (Cattle)	1.00	YA 085
Caryophyllaceae	Silene macrosolen Steud. ex A. Rich.*	Breast cancer	L	Oral	0.50	YA 104
		Diphtheria	L	Nasal
		Brucellosis	L	Oral (Cow, goat)
Convolvulaceae	Seddera bagshawei Rendle	Impotence	R	Nasal	0.40	YA 050
		Swelling	WP	Oral
		Snake bite	L	Oral, nasal, body wash
	Seddera hirsute Dammer ex Hall. f.	Malaria	L	Oral, nasal, body wash	0.40	YA 055
		Snake bite	S	Oral
		Malaria	WP	Oral
		Asthma	WP	Oral
		Impotence	WP	Oral
		Somnambulism	WP	Inhaling
Cucurbitaceae	Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.*	Schizophrenia	L	Oral	0.50	YA 026
	Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.*	Wart	S	Topical	0.50	YA 026
	Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai *	Mastitis and contagious agalactia	L	Nasal, body wash (Goat, camel, cow)	1.00	YA 025
	Cucumis prophetarum L.	Swelling on body	WP	Oral	0.38	YA 028
		Unable to Urinate	WP	Oral
		Eye injury	UP	Eye-drop
		Devil Disease	YB	Oral, nasal, wash body
		Skin infection	L	Oral, nasal (Cattle)
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha fruticosa Forssk.	Eye sickness	L	Fumigation	0.15	YA 086
		Tonsillitis	L	Oral, nasal
		Lung Infection	L	Inhaling
		Infant sickness	L	Oral, nasal, ear
		Breast cancer	L	Oral, nasal, topical
		Kola kusil	L	Oral, topical
		Epilepsy	L	Oral
		ETPB	L	Oral, wash body
		Bone breakage	L	Tying/topical
		Dyspepsia	L	Oral, nasal
		Herpes Zoster	L	Oral, nasal
		Schizophrenia	L	Oral
		Blackleg	L	Oral, nasal (Camel, cattle, goat)
		Bovine pasteurellosis	L	Nasal, oral (Cattle)
		Anthrax	L	Nasal, oral (Camel, cattle, goat)
		CCPP	L	Oral, nasal (Camel, cattle, goat)
		Bone breakage/ fractures	L	Topical (cattle, goat)
		Brucellosis	L	Oral (Cow, goat)
		Pastuerollosis	L	Oral (Cattle)
		PPR	L	Oral (Cattle)
	Acalypha indica L.	Malaria, chill	WP	Oral	0.50	YA 019
		Snake bite	WP	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Jaundice	L	Oral
		Dyspepsia	L	Oral, nasal
		Breast infection	L	Oral, nasal, ear
		Lung Infection	L	Oral
		Herpes Zoster	L	Oral, nasal
		Snake Bite	L	Oral, nasal (Cow, camel, goat)
		Brucellosis	L	Oral, nasal, ear, body wash (Cow, camel, goat)
		PPR	L	Oral (cattle)
	Euphorbia triaculeata Forssk.	Jaundice	L	Nasal, wash body	0.67	YA 064
		STIs	SR	Oral
		Dyspepsia	L, La	Oral
		Dysentery	L	Nasal, oral (Goat)
		Orf	L	Oral, nasal (Goat)
Fabaceae	Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne	Dyspepsia	B	Oral	1.00	YA 074
	Acacia mellifera (M. Vahl) Benth.	Flue	L/B	Sniffing, Oral	0.47	YA 075
		Fire-burn	S	Topical
		Head/ bullet Injury	B,S	Tying, topical
		Eye injury	L	Eye-drop
		EPTB	L	Oral
		Birth labour	YB	Oral, body wash
		External infection	S	Topical (camel)
		PPR	L	Eye-drop (cattle)
	Acacia nilotica (L.)	Retained placenta	L,R	Oral, nasal	0.75	YA 041
	Acacia nilotica (L.)	Broken head	Br	Topical	0.75	YA 041
	Acacia oerfota (Forssk.) Schweinf.	Arthritis	S,F	Topical	0.35	YA 045
		Diphtheria	L	Oral, nasal, body wash
		STIs	R, B	Oral, body wash
		Breast cancer	L	Eye, nasal, topical
		Dyspepsia	L	Nasal, body wash
		Flue, coughing	B	Oral
		Devil Disease	R,L	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Scabies	L	Topical
		Sheep and Goat pox	L	Oral (Sheep, goat)
		Mastitis and contagious agalactia	L	Nasal, body wash (cow, goat, camel)
		Bovine TB	R	Oral, nasal (cattle)
	Acacia senegal (L.) Wild	Mumps	L	Topical, nasal	0.67	YA 091
		Eye injury	B	Eye-drop
		Impotence	R	Oral, topical
	Acacia seyal Del.	Intestinal parasite	R	Oral	0.67	YA 039
	Acacia seyal Del.	Jaundice	L	Oral	0.67	YA 039
	Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne.	External injury	L	Topical	0.50	YA 035
		Infant sickness	L	Body wash
		Breast cancer	L	Oral. nasal, topical
		Brucellosis	L	Oral (Cow, goat)
	Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Am.	Skin bleaching (cancer)	R	Oral	0.67	YA 037
	Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Am.	Foot and mouth	B	Topical insertion (Cattle, goat, sheep)	0.67	YA 037
	Indigofera articulata Gouan	Jaundice	R	Oral	0.25	YA 015
		Epilepsy	L,R	Oral
		Fire burn	L	Topical
		Dyspepsia	L,S,R	Oral
		Epistaxis	L,R	Nasal, oral
		Snake Bite	R	Oral
		Swelling on body	L	Oral
		Brucellosis	L	Oral (Cow, goat)
	Indigofera oblongifolia Forsk.	Diphtheria	UP	Oral, nasal, ear, body wash	0.45	YA 013
		Typhoid	L,S	Oral
		Herpes Zoster	R	Oral, ear, mouth wash
		Scorpion bite	Root	Oral, tying
		Devil illness	WP	Body wash
		Lung infection	L,R	Oral
		Dysentery	L,R	Oral
		Breast cancer	Leaf	Oral and body wash
		Angina	R	Oral
		Foot and mouth	GP	Topical insertion (Cattle)
		Pastuerollosis	L	Oral (Cattle)
		PPR	L	Oral (Cattle)
	Indigofera spicata Forsk.	Jaundice	R	Nasal, body wash	1.00	YA 070
	Parkinsonia scioana (Chiov.) Brenan	Broken bone	B,R	Tying, topical	0.67	YA 081
	Parkinsonia scioana (Chiov.) Brenan	Dyspepsia	B	Oral	0.67	YA 081
	Senna alexandrina Mill.	Circumcise infection	La	Topical	0.30	YA 082
		Dyspepsia	WP	Oral
		Infant sickness	L	Nasal
		Snake bite	L	Oral, nasal, topical
		Devil illness	L	Body wash
		Jaundice	B	Oral
		External injury	L	Topical
		Swelling on body	L	Topical
Senna italica Mill.	Breast cancer	L	Oral, nasal, body wash	0.50	YA 083
	Devil illness	L	Body wash
	Mumps	R,L	Oral, nasal
	Dyspepsia	L	Oral, nasal
	Retained placenta	S	Oral (Camel)
Tamarindus indica L.	Lung infection	B	Oral, nasal	0.50	YA 063
Tamarindus indica L.	Typhoid	B	Oral	0.50	YA 063
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.*	Epistaxis	R	Nasal	0.50	YA 017
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.*	Infant Sickness	S	Body wash	0.50	YA 017
Lamiaceae	Becium filamentosum (Forssk.)	Malaria	L	Oral	0.55	YA 033
		Lung Infection	L,S	Oral
		Dyspepsia	L	Oral
		Somnambulism	L	Oral, wash body
		Syphilis	F	Oral, nasal
		Birth labour	Br	Wash body
		Eye infection	L	Topical
		PPR	L	Oral (Cattle)
	Ocimum basilicum L.*	Internal parasites	L	Oral	0.50	YA 106
	Ocimum basilicum L.*	Swelling on skin	WP	Topical	0.50	YA 106
	Ocimum spicatum Defl.*	Schizophrenia	R	Oral, nasal	0.67	YA 018
	Ocimum spicatum Defl.*	Snake Bite	R	Oral	0.67	YA 018
	Ocimum urticifolium Roth.	Infant dysentery	L	Oral, nasal, body wash	0.50	YA 001
		Diphtheria	WP	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Malaria	WP	Oral, nasal, body wash
		Dyspepsia	UP	Oral
		Herpes Zoster	L	Nasal
	Orthosiphon pallidus Royle ex Benth.*	Diphtheria	L	Oral, nasal, body wash	1.00	YA 101
	Thymus schimperi Ronniger*	Snake bite	WP	Oral, body wash	0.50	YA 054
		Devil Disease	S	Oral, body wash
		Internal parasites	R	Oral
Loranthaceae	Oncocalyx glabratus (Engl.) M. Gilbert*	Bullet injury	S,L	Topical	1.00	YA 105
	Oncocalyx schimperi (A. Rich.) M. G. Gilbert	Jaundice	L	Oral	0.50	YA 029
	Plicosepalus robustus Wiens & Polhill*	Herpes Zoster	WP	Oral, nasal, body wash	0.75	YA 076
	Tapinanthus globiferus (A. Rich.) Tieghem*	Dyspepsia	L	Oral, ear, mouth wash	0.50	YA 079
	Tapinanthus globiferus (A. Rich.) Tieghem*	Impotence	L	Oral	0.50	YA 079
Lythraceae	Lawsonia inermis L.*	Elephantiasis	L	Tying, topical	1.00	YA 059
Malvaceae	Abutilon figarianum Guill. & Perro	Eye infection	R	Fumigation	0.50	YA 052
		Fire, swelling	L	Topical, oral
		Flue	L	Chewing, sniffing
	Hibiscus vitifolius L.	Angina Pectoris	R	Tying, topical	1.00	YA 047
Menispermaceae	Cocculus pendulus (J. R. & G. Forst) Diels*	Somnambulism	L	Oral, wash body	0.29	YA 053
		Retained Placenta	L	Oral
		Elephantiasis	S	Topical insertion
		Snake Bite	R	Oral
		Breast infection	R	Topical
Moraceae	Dorstenia barnimiana Schweinf.*	Schizophrenia	WP	Inhaling	1.00	YA 088
Moringaceae	Moringa oleifera Lam.	Snake Bite	R,B	Oral, tying	1.00	YA 032
Nyctaginaceae	Commicarpus helenae (J.A. Schultes) Meikle	Breast infection	L	Nasal, body	0.50	YA 066
		Vomiting	L	Oral
		Elephantiasis	L	Topical
		Typhoid	WP	Oral, nasal
		Herpes Zoster	R	Nasal
		Mastitis and contagious agalactia	L	Nasal, body wash (Cow, goat, Camel)
	Commicarpus squarrosus (Heimerl) Standl.*	Trypanosomiasis	S	Nasal, ear, body wash (Camel)	1.00	YA 056
Oleaceae	Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall.ex G. Don) Cif.	Snake Bite	Stem	Oral, topical	1.00	YA 102
Plumbaginaceae	Plumbago zeylanica L.	Meningitis	L	Oral, nasal	0.75	YA 006
		Scabies	L,R	Topical
		Skin infection	L	Oral, topical
Poaceae	Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf	Jaundice	Tu	Oral, wash body	0.50	YA 005
Poaceae	Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf	Eye Infection	L	Eye-drop	0.50	YA 005
Polygalacea	Polygala obtusissima Hochst. Ex Chod.	Flue	WP	Inhaling	0.50	YA 051
		Dyspepsia	R	Oral
		Asthma	R	Oral
Ranunculaceae	Nigella sativa L.*	Somnambulism	S	Oral, body wash	1.00	YA 096
Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.	Retained placenta	L	Oral	0.50	YA 068
		Breast cancer	L	Oral
		Brucellosis	L	Oral (Cow, goat)
	Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.	Retained placenta	L	Oral	0.43	YA 069
		Snake bite	YB	Oral
		Angina Pectoris	Root	Oral
		Dyspepsia	YB	Oral
Rutaceae	Citrus lemon (L.) Bunn.f.	Somnambulism	F	Oral, wash body	1.00	YA 071
Salvadoraceae	Dobera glabra (Forssk.) Poir.	Head Wound	B,L	Topical	0.43	YA 042
		ETPB	L	Oral
		Anthrax	L	Oral (Cow, oxen)
		Bloating	R	Oral (Cattle)
		Blackleg	R,L	Oral (Cattle)
		Skin infection	L	Topical (Cattle, camel)
Sapotaceae	Mimusops kummel Bruce A. DC.	Dyspepsia	R	Oral	1.00	YA 038
Selaginellaceae	Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun*	Fire burn	WP	Topical	0.67	YA 067
Selaginellaceae	Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun*	Anthrax	UP	Nasal, oral (cattle, goat, sheep)	0.67	YA 067
Solanaceae	Capsicum annuum L.	Arthritis	S	Topical insertion	1.00	YA 060
	Capsicum annuum L.	Anthrax	S	Oral (Cattle)	1.00	YA 060
	Capsicum frutescens L.	Pasteurellosis	Fr	Nasal, oral (Camel)	0.50	YA 061
	Capsicum frutescens L.	Flue	Fr	Nasal, oral (Camel)	0.50	YA 061
	Solanum incanum L.	Schizophrenia	UP	Oral, inhaling	0.50	YA 100
		Blackleg	R	Oral, nasal, topical (Cattle)
		CCPP	R	Oral, nasal (Goat)
		Lung infection	R	Oral, nasal (Camel)
	Solanum marginatum L. f.	Schizophrenia	L,R	Oral	0.29	YA 097
		Mumps	L	Oral
		Meningitis	L	Oral
		Head injury	L	Topical
		Dyspepsia	L	Oral
		Pastuerollosis	L	Oral (Cattle)
	Solanum somalense Franchet.	Fire Burn	UP	Topical	0.67	YA 036
	Solanum somalense Franchet.	Typhoid	UP	Nasal	0.67	YA 036
	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal	Typhoid	R	Oral	0.57	YA 040
		Evil eye	R	Oral, inhaling
		Swelling on skin	L	Oral, topical
		ETPB	L	Oral
Sterculiaceae	Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori*	Infant sickness	L	Oral	0.50	YA 090
Sterculiaceae	Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori*	Swelling on skin	Leaf	Topical	0.50	YA 090
Tiliaceae	Grewia erythraea Schweinf.	Head wound	S,B	Topical	0.36	YA 062
		Flue	L, B	Inhaling
		Typhoid	L	Oral
		Broken bone	R	Topical
		Dyspepsia	L,S,B	Oral, nasal
		Arthritis	R	Topical insertion
		Wart	B	Topical
		Infant Sickness	L,R	Nasal, body wash
		Leprosy	R	Topical
	Grewia villosa	Broken bone	R	Tying, topical	0.40	YA 048
		Impotence	R	Oral, body wash
		Jaundice	WP	Oral, nasal
		Foot and mouth	S	Nasal, oral (Cattle, goat, sheep)
Verbenaceae	Premna oligotricha Baker*	Retained placenta	L	Oral	1.00	YA 023
Verbenaceae	Priva curtisiae Kobuski*	Typhoid, Mitch	L	Oral, nasal	1.00	YA 099
Vitaceae	Cissus quadrangularis L.	Leprosy	YB	Oral, topical	0.33	YA 044
		ETPB, lung infection	YB	Oral, topical
		Swelling on neck, chest	YP	Oral, nasal (Cattle)
	Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl	Devil Disease	RL	Inhaling	0.50	YA 080
	Cyphostemma burgeri Vollesen*	Snake Bite	R	Oral	0.50	YA 007
	Cyphostemma burgeri Vollesen*	Hand swelling	L	Topical	0.50	YA 007
Zygophyllaceae	Fagonia paulayana Wagner & Vierh.*	Infant sickness	UP	Oral, Nasal	1.00	YA 031
	Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi	Tonsillitis	R	Oral	0.50	YA 010
		Jaundice	WP	Oral, body wash
		Infant sickness	L	Oral, body wash
		Lung infection	R	Oral, body wash
		Mastitis and contagious agalactia	WP	Nasal, body wash (Cow, goat, camel)

B bark, C climber, F flower, Fr fruit, L leaf, La latex, R root, S stem, Br branch, UP upper part, WP whole plant, YP young plant
*new reports in Afar region

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