Famine food of vegetal origin consumed in the Netherlands during World War II

Vorstenbosch, Tom; de Zwarte, Ingrid; Duistermaat, Leni; van Andel, Tinde

doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0190-7

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 1. List of famine food species from published literature, unpublished personal diaries, and letters, pamphlets, and wartime cookbooks archived in the library of the Dutch National Institute of War Documentation (NIOD), personal war collections, and online sources, with scientific name, English and Dutch name, family, and distribution in 1942

From: Famine food of vegetal origin consumed in the Netherlands during World War II

Scientific name	English name	Dutch name	Family	Distribution around 1942 [47]	Source(s)
Aegopodium podagraria L.^a	Ground elder	Zevenblad	Apiaceae	Common	–
Aesculus hippocastanum L.^a	Horse chestnut	Wilde kastanje	Sapindaceae	Cultivated	–
Agaricus campestris	Field mushroom	Gewone weidechampignon	Agaricaceae	–	[45]
Atriplex hortensis L.	Garden orache	Tuinmelde	Amaranthaceae	Cultivated and wild	[40, 48]
Bellis perennis L.^a	Common daisy	Madeliefje	Asteraceae	Very common	–
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris var. altissima ^a	Sugar beet	Suikerbiet	Brassicaceae	Cultivated	[17, 52,53,54]
Betula ssp. L.^a	Birch (leaves)	Berk	Betulaceae	Common	[42]
Boletus edulis	Porcini	Eekhoorntjesbrood	Boletaceae	–	[45]
Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis var. botrytis	Cauliflower (foliage)	Bloemkoolblad	Brassicaceae	Cultivated	[48, 51]
Cantharellus cibarius	Chanterelle	Cantharellen	Cantharellaceae	–	[40, 42, 45]
Castanea sativa Mill.^a	Sweet chestnut	Tamme kastanje	Fagaceae	–	[40, 42, 45, 55]
Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum ^a	Chicory	Koffiecichorei	Asteraceae	Fairly common in river areas, elsewhere escaped from cultivation	[17, 45]
Coryllus avellana L.	Hazelnut	Hazelnoot	Betulaceae	Common, sometimes cultivated	[43, 45]
Crataegus sp. Tourn. ex L.^a	Hawthorn	Meidoorn	Rosaceae	C. monogyna, common, C. oxyacantha, fairly rare	[42]
Crocus ssp. L.^a	Crocus	Krokus	Iridaceae	Cultivated	[17]
Dahlia ssp. Cav.^a	Dahlia	Dahlia	Asteraceae	Cultivated	[47]
Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus ^a	Carrot (foliage)	Wortel (loof)	Apiaceae	Cultivated and common	[42, 45, 48, 51]
Fagus sylvatica L.^a	European beech	Beuk	Fagaceae	Common in the southeast	[42, 45]
Fragaria vesca L.	Woodland strawberry	Wilde aardbei	Rosaceae	Common	[45]
Galium aparine L.^a	Cleavers	Kleefkruid	Rubiaceae	Common	–
Galium odoratum L.^a	Sweetcented woodruff	Lievevrouwebedstro	Rubiaceae	Common in the extreme south	[41]
Gladiolus ssp. L.^a	Gladiola	Gladiool	Iridaceae	Cultivated	[17, 56, 57]
Glechoma hederacea L.^a	Ground-ivy	Hondsdraf	Lamiaceae	Very common	–
Helianthus tuberosus L.^b	Jerusalem artichoke	Aardpeer	Asteraceae	Cultivated	[17]
Hyacinthus orientalis L.^a	Common hyacinth	Hyacint	Asparagaceae	Cultivated	[17]
Iris ssp. L.^a	Iris	Iris	Iridaceae	Cultivated	[17]
Juglans regia L.^a	English walnut	Walnoot	Juglandaceae	Often cultivated	[17, 40, 43, 45]
Lamium sp. L.	Dead-nettle	Dovenetel	Lamiaceae	Common	[51]
Limonium vulgare Mill.	Common sea lavender	Lamsoor	Plumbaginaceae	Fairly common; coastal areas	[39]
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.^a	Wild apple	Kersappel	Rosaceae	Cultivated	[40]
Malus domestica Borkh.	Apple (kernel/peels)	Appel	Rosaceae	Cultivated	[42, 45, 46, 57, 87]
Malus floribunda Siebold ex. Van Houtte	Japanese crabapple	Japanse sierappel	Rosaceae	Cultivated	[39]
Petasites hybridus ( L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.^a	Butterbur	Groot hoefblad	Asteraceae	Fairly common	–
Plantago lanceolata L.^a	English plantain	Smalle weegbree	Plantaginaceae	Very common	–
Plantago major L.^a	Broadleaf plantain	Brede weegbree	Plantaginaceae	Very common	–
Portulaca oleracea L.^a/Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex. Willd	Summer purslane/winter purslane	Postelein	Portulacaceae/montiaceae	Cultivated, sometimes abundant	[46, 87]
Prunus avium L.	Cherry (fruit stems)	Kersen	Rosaceae	Cultivated	[42]
Quercus robur L.	English oak	Eik (eikels)	Fagaceae	Common; also cultivated	[86]
Raphanus sativus L.	Radish (foliage)	Radijs (loof)	Brassicaceae	Cultivated	[48]
Raphanus sativus L. subsp. niger ^b	Black radish	Rammenas	Brassicaceae	Cultivated	–
Ribes nigrum L.	Blackcurrant	Zwarte bes	Grossulariaceae	Culivated and wild	[17, 50]
Ribes rubrum L.	Redcurrant	Aalbes	Grossulariaceae	Culivated and wild; mostly in the south	[45]
Ribes uva-crispa L.	Gooseberry	Kruisbes	Grossulariaceae	Cultivated and wild	[43]
Rosa ssp. L.	Rose (hips)	Rozenbottel	Rosaceae	Common	[42, 45, 50]
Rubus ssp. L.	Blackberry	Braam	Rosaceae	Common	[40, 42, 43, 45]
Rumex acetosa L./Rumex crispus L.	Common sorrel/curly dock	Veldzuring/krulzuring	Polygonaceae	Very common on grasslands/common on fertile grounds	[17, 40, 42, 45]
Salicornia europaea L.	Common glasswort	Zeekraal	Amaranthaceae	Common; coastal areas	[40, 45]
Sambucus nigra L.	Black elder	Vlier	adoxaceae	Common; also in dunes	[42, 45]
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.	Common chickweed	Vogelmuur	Caryophyllaceae	Very common in grassland and open grounds	[40, 51]
Taraxacum officinale L.	Common dandelion	Paardenbloem	Asteraceae	Common	[40, 45, 51]
Tilia ssp. L.	Linden (blossom)	Lindebloesem	Malvaceae	Cultivated and wild	[17, 42, 43, 45, 87]
Trifolium ssp. L.	Clover	Klaver	Fabaceae	Very common	-
Tulipa ssp. L.	Tulip	Tulp	Liliaceae	Cultivated	[17, 56, 85]
Typha latifolia L.	Broadleaf cattail	Lisdodde	Typhaceae	Common	–
Urtica dioica L.	Common nettle	Brandnetel	Urticaceae	Very common	[40, 45, 48, 51]
Vaccinium myrtylis	European blueberry	Bosbes	Ericaceae	Common in forests	[40, 45]
Vaccinium oxycoccus Hill	Cranberry	Veenbes	Ericaceae	Rare	[40]
Vaccinium vitis-idea L.	Cowberry	Vossenbes	Ericaceae	Fairly common, rare in the west	[40, 45]
Valerianella locusta L. DC.	Common cornsalad	Veldsla	Caprifoliaceae	Common	[87]

^aSpecies on list discussed with participants
^bExcluded from results as species were not wild harvested but sold commercially during the Second World War

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ISSN: 1746-4269

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