Table 2 Wild animal species hunted for traditional medicine in semiarid of NE Brazil

  Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002)—“Cururu”

0.2

Leather, fat (banha), viscera

Itches, “esponja de cavalo” (Dermal wounds brought about by infestation of larvae of Habronema muscae), inflammations, “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), wounds, cracked feet, hangnail

LC

0.05

  Leptodactylus vastus A. Lutz, 1930—“jia”, Northeastern Pepper Frog

~ 1

Meat

Eczema, sore throat, swellings

LC

0.01

  Boa constrictor Linnaeus, 1758—“cobra de veado”, “jibóia”, Boa

5.6

Fat (banha)

Arthritis, pains, to promote hair growth in areas affected by burns, fractures, wounds, Herpes zoster (“cobreiro”), infections, sore throat, laryngitis, muscle injuries, dermal nodules, omphaloarteritis (“caruara de bezerro”), spinal disorders, “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), rheumatism, cracked feet

0.47

  Mesoclemmys tuberculata (Lüderwaldt, 1926)—“Cágado do nordeste”, “cágado d’água amarelo”, Tuberculate Toad-headed Turtle

n.o.

Meat, fat (banha), eggs

Diphtheria, headache, toothache, earache, chest pain, wounds, furuncle, gastritis, sore throat, hemorrhoids, swellings, spinal disorders, eye problems (especially blindness), “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), rheumatism, deafness

0.53

  Phrynops tuberosus (Peters, 1870)—“cágado d’água”, Geoffroy’s Side-necked Turtle

1.03

Meat, fat (banha), eggs

Diphtheria, headache, toothache, earache, chest pain, wounds, furuncle, gastritis, sore throat, hemorrhoids, swellings, spinal disorders, eye problems (especially blindness),"estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), rheumatism, deafness

0.52

  Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758)—“Camaleão”, Common Green Iguana

2.6

Whole specimen, meat, leather, fat, bone

Lack of appetite, pains in general, appendicitis, kidney stone, prostate cancer, to promote hair growth in areas affected by burns, diabetes, toothache, bone pain, eczema, wounds, mouth sores, gastritis, flu, “impinge” (ringworm), inflammations, leprosy in dogs, dermal nodules, snake bites, throat problems, rheumatism, “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), hoarseness, deafness, tuberculosis

0.44

  Salvator merianae (Duméril & Bibron, 1839)—“lagarto Teju”, Tegu Lizard

4

Leather, liver, fat (banha)

Lack of appetite in dogs and pigs, dores de ouvido, toothache, diphtheria (“crupe”), fever, wounds, mouth sores, gastritis, flu, swellings, inflammations, sore throat, otitis, swellings, snake bites in humans and dogs, throat problems, hoarseness, “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), rheumatism, sinusitis, deafness, tumors

LC

1.09

  Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825)—“lagartixa de lajedo”

0.025

Whole specimen, leather, liver, bone, viscera

Alcoholism, wounds, hernia, micoses, throat problems, “pano branco” (pityriasis versicolor), “tosse braba”, verrugas

0.04

  Bothrops erythromelas Amaral, 1923—“Jararaca malha de cascavel”, “jararaca verdadeira”,

0.2

Whole specimen

Cancer

LC

0.01

  Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758—“cascavel”, South American Rattlesnake

2.4

Fat (banha), rattle (maracá)

Pains, arthritis, asthma, cancer, eczema, erysipelas, wounds, swellings, sore throat, uterine inflammation, “mau-olhado” (evil eye), “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), dermal nodules, omphaloarteritis (“caruara de bezerro”), osteoporosis, snake bites, throat problems, spinal disorders, rheumatism

LC

0.52

  Sarkidiornis sylvicola Ihering & Ihering, 1907—“putrião”, Comb Duck

2

Caruncúla (a large fleshy comb protruding from their upper mandible)

Wounds

LC

0.01

  Columbina minuta (Linnaeus, 1766)—“rolinha-cambuta”, “rolinha cabocla”, Plain-breasted Ground Dove

0.034

Meat

Lack of appetite, sickness of pregnant women

LC

0.02

  Columbina picui (Temminck, 1813)—“rolinha-branca”, Picui Ground Dov

0.052

Meat, feces

Lack of appetite, sickness of pregnant women, deafness

LC

0.03

  Columbina squammata (Lesson, 1831)—“rolinha-cascavelhinha”, Scaled Dove

0.054

Meat

Sickness of pregnant women

LC

0.004

  Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1810)—“rolinha-caldo-de-feijão”, Ruddy Ground Dove

0.047

Meat

Lack of appetite, sickness of pregnant women

LC

0.01

  Leptotila rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard, 1792)—“juriti”, Gray-fronted Dove

0.149

Meat, gizzard membrane

Lack of appetite, sickness of pregnant women, snake bites in dogs, “terçol” (inflammation of the Zeis and Mol glands)

LC

0.02

  Cyanocorax cyanopogon (Wied, 1821)—“cancão”, White-naped Jay

0.175

Whole specimen

Asthma, “mau-olhado” (evil eye)

LC

0.05

  Penelope jacucaca Spix, 1825—“Jacu”, White-browed Guan

~ 1

Feathers

Epilepsy

VU

0.02

  Crotophaga ani Linnaeus, 1758—“anum-preto”, Smooth-billed Ani

0.149

Meat

Asthma

LC

0.02

  Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766)—“mergulhão-pequeno”, “mergulhão”, “mergulhão-preto”, Least Grebe

0.155

Gizzard membrane

Improve eyesight

LC

0.003

  Nothura boraquira (Spix, 1825)—“codorniz”, “codorniz do papo-branco”, White-bellied Nothura

0.250

Feathers

Asthma, blindness, sickness of pregnant women, convulsion, earache, “scare bats”, breathlessness, weakness in women at postpartum, snake bites

LC

0.35

  Nothura maculosa (Temminck, 1815)—“lambú espanta-boiada”, “lambú-de-capoeira”, Spotted Nothura

0.300

Feathers

Snake bites

LC

0.04

  Chlorostilbon lucidus (Shaw, 1812)—“beija-flor-verde”, Glittering-bellied Emerald

0.003

Nest

Earache

LC

0.02

  Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766)—“raposa”, Crab-eating Fox

7.4

Meat, tail, leather, fat (banha), bones

Aftosa, asthma, erysipelas, “mau-olhado” (evil eye), wounds, uterine inflammations, hemorrhoids, inflammations in general, sore throat, swellings, “to protect of bat attacks”, “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), cracked feet, rheumatism

LC

0.48

  Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831)—“preá”, Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy

0.350

Meat, teeth, bones

To facilitate tooth eruption in children, cracked feet, ear problems

LC

0.14

  Kerodon rupestris (Wied-Neuwied, 1820)—“mocó”

0.750

Meat, “coalho” (part of the stomach), fat, feces, fel, bones, gall bladder

Lack of appetite, alcoholism, anemia, asthma, kidney stone, prostate cancer, malnutrition, earache, weakness, gastritis, urethra infections, hernia, osteoporosis, sickness of pregnant women, kidney problems, indigestion, rheumatism, measles, facilitate tooth eruption in children

LC

0.31

  Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823)—“macaco prego”, Bearded Capuchin

3.1

Meat

Osteoporosis

LC

0.01

  Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766)—“paca”, Spotted Paca

9.35

Gall bladder

Rheumatism

LC

0.01

  Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758—“tatu-verdadeiro”, Nine-banded Armadillo

4.5

Tail, liver, dermal plates

Asthma, earache, improve the olfaction of hunting dogs, snake bites, “mau-olhado” (evil eye), deafness

LC

0.17

  Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758)—“tatu-peba”, Six-banded Armadillo

4.85

Tail, meat

Pains, earache, furuncles, “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), wounds, deafness, “mau-olhado” (evil eye)

LC

0.03

  Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840—“timbú”, White-eared Opossum

1.62

Meat, fat

Wounds, weakness

LC

0.02

  Thrichomys laurentius Thomas, 1904—“punaré”

0.282

Feces

Diarrhea

DD

0.004

  Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)—“gato-maracajá”, Ocelot

~ 8

Tail, fat

Headache, throat problems, spinal disorders, wounds, “to protect of bat attacks”

LC

0.05

  Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775)—“gato-mirim”, little spotted cat, Oncilla

~ 2.5

Meat, tail, fat

Wounds, urinary incontinence in children, muscle injuries, throat problems, “estrepes” (suck a splinter out of skin), “to protect of bat attacks”, measles

VU

0.03

  Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)—“gato-açú”, “gato-maracajá-açú”, “onça bodeira”, “sussuarana”, Cougar, Puma

4

Fat

Throat problems, wounds

LC

0.02

  Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)—“gato-vermelho”, “gato-azul”, Jaguarundi

~ 4

Fat

Wounds

LC

0.01

  Conepatus semistriatus (Boddaert, 1785)—“tacaca”, “ticaca” Striped Hog-nosed Skunk

~ 3

Meat, tail, odoriferous anal gland, fat, bones

Arthritis, burcite, kidney stone, headache, heel spur (“esporão de galo”), throat inflammation, improve eyesight, spinal disorders, “to protect of bat attacks”, spinal disorders, osteoporosis, rheumatism, tuberculosis

LC

0.69

  Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758)—“tamanduá”, “tamanduá-mirim”, Southern Tamandua

~ 7

Meat, leather, fat, bones, claw

Allergies, asthma, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, bleeding in women, inflammations, bronchitis, “to protect of snake bites”, rheumatism

LC

0.11

  Procyon cancrivorus (G.[Baron] Cuvier, 1798)—“guaxinim”, Crab-eating Raccoon

~ 6

Tail

“To protect of snake bites”, “to protect of bat attacks”

LC

0.02