Table 1 The Information of class I

1

Apidae

Apis cerana Fabr*

蜂蜜*

Honey

Beewax, honeybee

Indications: epigastric pain alleviated after meals or by pressing; dry cough; constipation; external use for sores, scalds, and burns [10]

Indications: dry cough without phlegm, intestinal dry constipation, counteract toxicity of aconitum; external use for ulcers in the mouth, sores, burns, and scalds [8]

B

Digestive, respiratory disorders

Digestive and respiratory disorders

2

Asteraceae

Aucklandiae radix

木香*

Root

Root

Indication: abdominal distension and epigastric pain, diarrhea, dysentery, indigestion, loss of appetite [10]

Indication: abdominal distension and epigastric pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and pneumonia [8]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

3

Convolvulaceae

Cuscuta chinensids Lam.*

菟丝子*

Seed

Seed

Indications: impotence, seminal emission, dripping of urine after urination, enuresis, frequent urination, aching and weakness of the loins and knees, blurred vision and tinnitus; threatened abortion due to deficiency of the kidney; diarrhea due to hypofunction of the spleen and the kidney; an external use for vitiligo [10]

Indications: pain in the loins and knees, impotence, seminal emission, stranguria with turbid discharge, abnormal vaginal discharge, diarrhea, and tinnitus [14]

A

Reproductive system disorders

Reproductive system disorders

4

Elapidae

Bungarus multicinctus Blyth

银环蛇

Meat

Meat

Rheumatic, stroke, hemiplegia, convulsion, spasm, tetanus, leprosy, and scab [10]

Rheumatic, hemiplegia [19]; convulsion, spasm, tetanus, syphilis, and scab [13]

A

Nervous system ailments

Nervous system ailments

5

Fabaceae

Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen

降香*

Heartwood

Heartwood

Hematemesis, traumatic hemorrhinia, hypochondriac pain due to stagnation of liver qi, vomiting, and stomach pain [10]

Liver diseases, limb edema [13]

A

Circulatory system disorders

Circulatory system disorders

6

Piperaceae

Piper longum L*

荜拔*

Fruit

Fruit

Indications: epigastric pain, vomiting and diarrhea caused by cold, migraine; and external use for toothache [10]

Indications: rLung diseases in cold syndrome, precordial and abdominal pain with cold sensation, nausea and vomiting, borborygmus, and diarrhea [8]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

7

Polygonaceae

Rheum officinale Baill.*

药用大黄*

Roots and rhizome

Roots and rhizome

Indications: fever with constipation, retention of feces and abdominal pain; dysentery; jaundice caused by damp-heat; hematemesis, epistaxis, inflammation of eyes and sore throat due to heat in blood; appendicitis with abdominal pain; boils, sores and abscess; amenorrhage due to blood stasis; traumatic injuries; hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract; and external use for scalds and burns [10]

Indications: constipation due to excessive heat, indigestion distension syndrome, tenesmus, jaundice in damp-heat syndrome, blood stasis, amenorrhea, sores, and boils [8]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

8

Polygonaceae

Rheum palmatum L.*

掌叶大黄*

Roots and rhizome

Roots and rhizome

The same as above [10]

The same as above

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

9

Polygonaceae

Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Regel*

唐古特大黄*

Roots and rhizome

Roots and rhizome

The same as above [10]

The same as above

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

10

Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.*

花椒*《藏标》

Exocarp and seed

Exocarp and fruit

Indications: epigastric pain cold sensation, vomiting and diarrhea; abdominal pain due to intestinal parasitosis; ascariasis; and external use for itching in eczema [10]

Indications: gastropathy, fungi and trichomonad; external use for dermatosis [15]

E

Digestive, immune system ailments

Digestive and immune system ailments

11

Selaginellaceae

Selaginella pulvinata (Hook. et Grev.) Maxim.

垫状卷柏

Whole plant

Whole plant

Indications: amenorrhea, hematochezia, and archoptoma [10]

Indications: amenorrhea, masses in the abdomen, hemafecia, and prolapse of rectum [8]

A

Reproductive and digestive disorders

Reproductive and digestive disorders

12

ApiaceaeApiaceae

Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen *

新疆阿魏*

Resin

Resin

Indications: indigestion, congestion, and stomach pain due to parasitic diseases [10]

Indications: indigestion, congestion, and stomach pain due to parasitic diseases [8]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

13

ApiaceaeApiaceae

Ferula fukanensis K. M. Shen *

阜康阿魏*

Resin

Resin

Indications: indigestion, congestion, and stomach pain due to parasitic diseases [10]

Indications: indigestion, congestion, and stomach pain due to parasitic diseases [8]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

14

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia katsumadai Hayata*

草豆蔻*

Seed pellets expelled

Seed pellets expelled

Indications: accumulation of damp-cold in the spleen and the stomach manifested by epigastric distention, and pain and cold feeling accompanied with belching, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia [10]

Indications: spleen diseases and gastropathy [15]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

15

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia officinarum Hance*

高良姜*

Rhizome

Rhizome

Indications: epigastric pain with cold sensation; vomiting, belching, and acid regurgitation due to cold in the stomach [10]

Indications: epigastric pain with cold sensation, vomiting and diarrhea due to cold in the spleen and stomach; loss of appetite [8]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

16

Zingiberaceae

Kaempferia galanga L.*

山柰*

Rhizome

Rhizome

Indications: dyspepsia accompanied with epigastric distension, pain, and cold feeling [10]

Indications: complication of badkan diseases and rlung diseases [15]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

17

Zingiberaceae

Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemair

草果*

Fruit

Fruit

Indication: abdominal distension and epigastric pain, vomiting, malaria, and fever [10]

To remove cold in the spleen and stomach; promote digestion [13]

A

Digestive disorders

Digestive disorders

18

Zingiberaceae

Zingiber officinale Rosc.*

姜*

Rhizome

Rhizome

Indications: common cold caused by exterior wind-cold. Vomiting due to cold in the stomach [10]

Indications: badkan diseases, rlung diseases, abdomen pain due to cold in the spleen and stomach, vomiting and diarrhea, cough and dyspnea due to cold in the lung, and rheumatoid arthralgia [8]

A

Respiratory, digestive disorders

Respiratory, digestive, and immune system ailments

19

——

Cordyceps

冬虫夏草

Fungi

Fungi

Pulmonary tuberculosis, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea of deficiency type, night sweating, emission, impotence, and soreness-tired of waist and knee [10]

Lung diseases, emission, and impotence [14]

A

Respiratory and reproductive system disorders

Respiratory and reproductive system disorders