Table 3 Summary of Iban TEK on hornbills
Scientific name | English name | Local names | Diet (Iban TEK) | Habitat and nesting (Iban TEK) | Conservation status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local (Iban TEK) | Global (IUCN 2019)* | |||||
Anthracoceros malayanus (Raffles, 1822) | Asian Black Hornbill | Likap gagak (M, D); Bruie (I); Alau babi (M) | Fruits: Dacryodes rostrata, Canarium odontophyllum; Ficus spp., Myristica spp. Insects: cockroaches and lizards | Jungles closer to human settlements and human influenced habitats; nests on tall trees | Increasing population | Decreasing population (vulnerable) |
Anorrhinus galeritus (Temminck, 1831) | Bushy-crested Hornbill | Kekalau (I, M) | Fruits: Dacryodes rostrata, Canarium odontophyllum; Ficus spp., Myristica spp. Insects: cockroaches and lizards | Jungles closer to human settlements and human influenced habitats; nests on tall trees | Increasing population | Decreasing (near threatened) |
Rhinoplax vigil (J.R.Forster, 1781) | Helmeted Hornbill | Tajai/Tajak (I); Lantudon (M) | Fruits: Dacryodes rostrata, Canarium odontophyllum; Ficus spp., Myristica spp. Skinks, snakes | Mixed dipterocarp forests; nests on tall lone trees | Increasing population | Decreasing (critically endangered) |
Anthracoceros albirostris (Shaw, 1808) | Oriental Pied Hornbill | Bruie (I); Alau Pedada (M) | Fruits: Dacryodes rostrata, Canarium odontophyllum; Ficus spp., Myristica spp. | Mangroves, swamp forests and forests close to mangroves; nests on relatively shorter trees and hence eggs are prone to poaching by Sun Bear | Increasing population | Stable (least concern) |
Buceros rhinoceros Linnaeus, 1758 | Rhinoceros Hornbill | Kenyalang (I); Loklang Sangang(M) | Fruits: Dacryodes rostrata, Canarium odontophyllum; Ficus spp., Myristica spp. Skinks, snakes | Mixed dipterocarp forests; nests on tall lone trees; prefers quiet localities | Increasing population | Vulnerable (decreasing) |
Berenicornis comatus (Raffles, 1822) | White-crested Hornbill/White-crowned Hornbill | Sentuku (I,M) | Fruits: Dacryodes rostrata, Canarium odontophyllum; Ficus spp., Myristica spp. | Swamp forests and mangroves; nests on tall trees in the habitat | Increasing population | Decreasing (endangered) |
Rhyticeros undulatus (Shaw, 1811) | Wreathed Hornbill | Undan/Kekuik (I), Alau Sangoh (M) | Fruits: Dacryodes rostrata, Canarium odontophyllum; Ficus spp., Myristica spp. Fishes, frogs including Giant River Frogs (Limnonectes leporinus) | Mixed dipterocarp and montane forests; riverine habitats; nests on tall trees; prefers quiet localities | Increasing population | Decreasing (vulnerable) |
Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus (Temminck, 1832) | Wrinkled Hornbill | Kejakoh (I); Alau buloh (M) | Fruits: Dacryodes rostrata, Canarium odontophyllum; Ficus spp., Myristica spp., frogs including Giant River Frogs (Limnonectes leporinus) | Mixed dipterocarp and montane forests; nests on tall trees; prefers quiet localities | Increasing population | Decreasing (endangered) |