Table 1 A. Derivatives of “generic” names: A1. Mandragora; A2. Alraune; A3. Yabroukh

A1

Albanian

mandragora, madëronë, matergonë

Albanian Bible [12:163]

Armenian

[mandragora]

[48: 1268]

Bulgarian

[mandragora]

maндpaгopa

[49: 36]; [50]; [51: 394]

Catalan

mandràgola, mandràgora

[46: 190] (13th c.)

Corsican

tramangula

[52: 471]

Dutch

mandragers kruit

[“mandrake herb”]

[53: 11]; [31: 45]

Dutch

mandragore

[31: 45]

English

mandrake

Spelling variations:

mandrage,

mandrag, mandragge,

mendrage

[54: 51]; [55: 322]; [56:66]; [28: 71]; [31: 43]; [30: 333]

French

mandrigoula

[28: 71]; [31: 44]

Georgian

[mandragora]

Rainer Bussmann (Pers. Comm 25.1.20)

Greek

[mandragora]

Spelling variations: [mandragúda, mandragúdas, matragúra, mantragúras,

mandragúri,

mandraúla,

mandraúna,

mentragúra]

μαντραγόρα Spelling variations: μαντραγούδα, μανδραγούδας, ματραγούρα, μαντραγούρας, μαντραγούρι, μανδραούλα, μανδραούνα, μεντραγούρα

[57: 173]; [58: 2509]; [59: 433,437]; [60: 408]

Greek

[mandragóras] (m)

μανδραγόρας

[45: IV, 75]; [58: 2509]; [59: 440]; [61: 9,8,8]; [62: 600]

Hungarian

nadraguyla

[63: I, 537]; [64: 55]

Italian

mandragora

Spelling variations:

mandræela, mandràhura, mandràgura, mandràura, mandulàgrona, mandràgura

[65]; [28: 71]

Polish

matryguna, matrygan, medregula

[12: 170]

Portuguese

mandragora, mandragola

[66]

Russian

[mandragora]

Maндpaгopa

[67: 75–76]; [68: 411]; [69: 187]

Serbo-Croatian

[mandragora]

Maндpaгopa

[70: 291]; [71: 20]

Serbo-Croatian

[mandragula]

Maндpaгyлa

In Serbo-Croatian it is easier to pronounce “mandragula” than “mandragora”

[70: 291]

Serbo-Croatian

[narangulina]

Hapaнгyлинa

Probably a variation of “mandragula”

[71: 20]

Spanish

mandrágora

Spelling variations:

mandrágora, mandracola, mandrácola

Frequently adjectivized as “mandragora macho/hembra” (male or female) or “mandragora de flor azul/blanca” (regarding flower’s color)

[66]; [72: 585]

Spanish

mandrágula,

mandragula, mandrácula

[66]; [72: 585]

Turkish

mandırağa

[“Landlord Mandir”]

(folk etymology of

mandrake)

[73:107]

Ukranian

[mandrygula]

aндpигyлa

[12:163]

A2

Danish

alrune

[74:160]

Dutch

alrüneken, alrunik

[75: 229]; [76, I:95]

Dutch

alruyne, alruin

[77: 333]; [74: 160]; [28: 71]; [31: 45]

Finnish

alruna

[78:64]

German

alraun (+ ca 60

spelling variations; see text)

[79: 5]; [75: 229]; [28: 71]; [31: 41]; [30: 329]; [29: II: 336]; [27: 344]; [80: 19]; [81: 23] [82];

Norwegian

alrune

[74: 169]

Serbo-Croatian

[alrauna, alrun]

aлpayнa, aлpyн

[71: 20]

Swedish

alruna

[83: 258]; [74: 160]

Swedish

alrunsrot

[“alrune (mandrake) root”]

[63; I:23]

A3

Arabic

[ež-žarbūḥ]

الجربوح

AGK Pers. obs. (Palestine)

Arabic

[yabrūh, yabróâh]

يبروح

[84: 351] (Andalusia, 6–7th c.); [85, II: 773] (Andalusia, 11th c.)

Arabic

[yabrūh, yabrūx]

يبروح ، يبروخ

[86: 207] (Arabia, 9th c.); [87: 54] (Arabia, 10–11th c.); [88: 592]; [89: 299] (Jordan); [90: 115] (Palestine); [91: 203] (Syria); [84: 351] (Andalusia, 6–7th c.); [85: II: 773] (Andalusia, 11th c.); [92: 26] (Morocco)

Aramaic

[yabroukh, yabroukha, yabroukhin]

יברוח,

יברוחא,

יברוחין

See text concerning the etymology of yabroukh

Onkelos (Rome, 1st c., Aramaic translation, Genesis 30:14 [93: 14]); Babylonian Talmud [94]

Bengali

[yebruj]

[28: 71]

Farsi

[sāyeh-borūj]

سایه بروج

Derivative

of yabroukh

in Aramaic

(see text)

[95: 645]

Turkish

Yebrûh

See text concerning the etymology of yabroukh

[73: 107]; [41: 124]; [96: 232–234]

Turkish

yebrûhu’s-sanem

Idol’s yabroukh

[97: 1391]; [73: 107]; [41: 124]; [96: 232–234]