Hearty recipes for health: the Hakka medicinal soup in Guangdong, China

Ding, Mingyan; Shi, Shi; Luo, Binsheng

doi:10.1186/s13002-022-00502-2

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 1 The plants used for making Hakka medicinal soup in Guangdong, China

From: Hearty recipes for health: the Hakka medicinal soup in Guangdong, China

Latin name	Hakka name	Family	Part of plant	Medical use(s)	Cultivated/ wild	Dry/ fresh	Voucher ID
Abrus pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis (Hance) Verdcourt	Gêgudcau	Leguminosae	Roots, stems and leave	Clear heat and promote diuresis, relieve liver and dissipate stasis	Cultivated and wild	Dry	MZ156
Abrus pulchellus subsp. mollis (Hance) Verdc	Gêgudcau	Leguminosae	Roots, stems and leave	Clear heat and promote diuresis, relieve liver and dissipate stasis	Wild	Dry	HY105
Acorus gramineus Aiton	Sagcongpu	Acoraceae	Whole plant	Eliminate dampness and stimulate appetite, induce resuscitation and sweep phlegm	Wild	Fresh or dry	SG134
Adenophora petiolata subsp. hunanensis (Nannfeldt) D. Y. Hong & S. Ge	Sasen	Campanulaceae	Roots	Moisten lung and resolve phlegm, help produce saliva, and slake the thirst	Wild	Dry	SG91
Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch	Sasen	Campanulaceae	Roots	Moisten lung and resolve phlegm, help produce saliva, and slake the thirst	Cultivated and wild	Dry	MZ12
Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb	Sanfungcao	Rosaceae	Whole plant	Astringing to arrest bleeding, strengthen the heart	Wild	Dry	HY089
Alsophila spinulosa (Wall.ex Hook.) R. M. Tryon	Fitianliung	Cyatheaceae	Stems	Expel wind-damp, stop cough and resolve phlegm	Wild	Dry	SG09
Alyxia sinensis Champ.ex Benth	Cgunêntên	Apocynaceae	Roots	Move qi and activate blood, expel wind-damp, anesthesia, and analgesia	Wild	Dry	SG51
Angiopteris fokiensis Hieron	Mataigiad	Angiopteridaceae	Rhizome and stipes	Clear heat and drain dampness, stop blooding, stop the pain	Wild	Dry	SG182
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl	Kimyinzi	Orchidaceae	Whole plant	Clear heat, cool blood, dispel dampness, relieve toxicity	Cultivated and wild	Dry	SG89
Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot	Nê	Compositae	Whole plant	Warm meridians to dispel dampness and cold, stop blooding, anti-inflammation, resolve asthma, stop cough, prevent abortion	Wild	Dry	HY214
Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth	Giuliungtên	Leguminosae	Roots and older stems	Activate blood and dissipate stasis, activate collaterals, calm the mind and stop the pain	Wild	Dry	HY195
Bombax ceiba L	Mugmiên	Bombacaceae	Flowers	Clear heat and eliminate dampness	Cultivated and wild	Dry	MZ60
Callerya speciosa (Champion ex Bentham) Schot	Ngiutailid	Leguminosae	Roots	Activate meridians and collaterals, reinforce deficiency and moisten the lung and invigorate the spleen	Wild	Dry	HY167
Canarium album (Lour.) DC	Kamlam	Burseraceae	Fruits	Clear heat and relieve toxicity, relieve sore throat, and resolve phlegm, help produce saliva and slake thirst, dispel the effects of alcohol	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY076
Celosia argentea L	Gêgunggifa	Amaranthaceae	Flowers and seeds	Stop blooding, cool blood, stop diarrhea	Cultivated	Dry	HY038
Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene	Tiêngapcau	Leguminosae	Stems and leave	Clear heat and relieve toxicity, anti-inflammation, clear summer-heat and dampness, promote diuresis, dispel the effects of alcohol, remove food stagnation, and reinforce the kidney	Wild	Dry	HY075
Clerodendrum fortunatum L	Pagfadênlung	Verbenaceae	Roots	Clear heat and purge fire, anti-inflammation, relieve toxicity, stop cough, and ease pain	Wild	Dry	HY030
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo	Sagfu	Orchidaceae	Whole plant	Tonify stomach and help produce saliva, nourish yin and clear heat	Cultivated and wild	Dry	MZ158
Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro	Mazug	Gramineae	Seedling	Clear heat and resolve phlegm, replenish qi and harmonize the stomach	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY202
Elephantopus scaber L	Tizamtêu	Compositae	Whole plant	Clear heat, relieve toxicity, relieve swelling and promote diuresis	Wild	Dry	SG54
Elephantopus tomentosus L	Pagboi	Compositae	Whole plant	Clear heat, relieve toxicity, relieve swelling and promote diuresis	Wild	Dry	HY050
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC	Fungboizi	Compositae	Whole plant	Clear heat, promote diuresis, cool blood, relieve toxicity	Wild	Fresh	MZ200
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl	Pipa	Rosaceae	Flowers	Promote diuresis and clear heat, stop thirst and cough	Cultivated	Dry	MZ08
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers	Santonggin	Lauraceae	Roots	Nourish kidney, strengthen muscles and bones	Wild	Dry	MZ71
Ficus hirta vahl	Ñzimaotao	Moraceae	Roots	Expel wind-damp, replenish qi and strengthen the exterior	Wild	Dry	SG78
Ficus pandurata Hance	Ngiunênsuggên	Moraceae	Roots	Nourish and keep-beauty, clear liver and improve vision, expel summer heat	Cultivated and wild	Dry	MZ45
Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr	Yidtiaugên	Leguminosae	Roots	Expel wind-damp, relax tendon and activate collaterals, strengthen sinews and bones, anti-inflammation, and stop the pain	Wild	Dry	HY213
Flemingia prostrata Roxb	Yidtiaugên	Leguminosae	Roots	Expel wind-damp, relax tendon and activate collaterals, strengthen sinews and bones, anti-inflammation, and stop the pain	Wild	Dry	SG76
Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis	Giziguong	Rubiaceae	Roots	Clear heat and promote diuresis, decrease internal heat and relieve fidget, cool blood and relieve toxicity, dissipate stasis	Cultivated and wild	Dry	SG90
Gastrodia elata Blume	Tiênma	Orchidaceae	Rhizome	Promote intelligence, warm middle-jiao and tonify deficiency	Cultivated	Dry	SG40
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino	Nyêsen	Cucurbitaceae	Roots,stems and leave	Anti-inflammation, relieve toxicity, eliminate phlegm and stop cough	Cultivated and wild	Dry	SG174
Hedyotis chrysotricha (Palib.) Merr	Ngibtingung	Rubiaceae	Roots	Clear heat and resolve phlegm, dispel stasis to promote regeneration, detox snake venom	Wild	Dry	HY219
Hedyotis diffusa Willd	Pagfasasadcau	Rubiaceae	Whole plant	Clear heat and relieve toxicity, active blood and promote diuresis, remove stagnation, and stop the pain, anti-cancer	wild	Fresh or dry	HY184
Hemerocallis citrina Baroni	Gimzemcoi	Liliaceae	Flowers	Invigorate stomach, promote diuresis, relieve swelling	Cultivated and wild	Dry	SG47
Houttuynia cordata Thunb	Yuxingcao	Saururaceae	Whole plant	Clear heat, relieve toxicity, promote diuresis	Wild	Dry	SG87
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose	Jiamfa	Cactaceae	Flowers	Clear heat, moisten the lung	Cultivated and wild	Dry and fresh	HY079
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch	Pagmaogoung	Poaceae	Rhizome	Clear heat and promote diuresis	Wild	Dry	MZ30
Duhaldea cappa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Pruski & Anderberg	Yongngigug	Compositae	Whole plant	Resolve phlegm and resolve asthma, activate blood and regulate menstruation	Wild	Dry	HY175
Juncus effusus L	Dênximcau	Juncaceae	White pitch of the stems	Promote diuresis, cool and tranquilize	Wild	Dry	HY112
Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C.Sm	Hiongtênzi	Schisandraceae	Roots	Move qi and activate blood, relieve swelling and pain, expel wind-damp	Wild	Dry	HY164
Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib	Hiongtênzi	Schisandraceae	Roots	Move qi and activate blood, relieve swelling and pain, expel wind-damp	Wild	Dry	SG30
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet	Biêntêu	Leguminosae	Fruits	Dispel summer heat and dampness, invigorate the spleen and stop diarrhea	Cultivated	Dry	SG34
Laggera alata Nanth	Liugngigug	Compositae	Whole plant	Expel wind-damp, clear heat and moisten dryness	Wild	Dry and fresh	SG103
Leonurus Artemisia (Lour.) S. Y. Hu	Cunnê	Labiatae	Whole plant	Dispel stasis to promote regeneration, activate blood and regulate menstruation	Wild	Dry	HY106
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don	Gonjincau	Leguminosae	Roots	Invigorate spleen, remove food stagnation, remove infantile malnutrition	Wild	Dry	HY166
Leonurus japonicus Houtt	Pagfacunê	Labiatae	Whole plant	Dispel stasis to promote regeneration, activate blood and regulate menstruation	Wild	Dry	SG79
Lycium chinense Mill	Tigudpi	Solanaceae	Roots and fruits	Cool blood and clear heat, clear lung and decrease internal heat	Cultivated and wild	Dry	MZ88
Lysimachia fortunei Maxim	Caggiogcau	Primulaceae	Whole plant	Clear heat and drain dampness, activate blood and regulate menstruation	Wild	Dry	HY101
Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner	Conposag	Moraceae	Roots	Stop cough and resolve phlegm, expel wind-damp	wild	Dry	MZ99
Mallotus apelta (Lour.) Müll.Arg	Pagmaodang	Euphorbiaceae	Roots	clear heat and dispel dampness, induce astringency and dispel stasis	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY109
Melastoma dodecandrum Lour	Aigiogngian	Melastomataceae	Roots	Relax tendon and activate blood, enrich the blood and prevent abortion	wild	Dry	MZ109
Morinda officinalis F.C.How	Gêconggin	Rubiaceae	Roots	Nourish kidney, strengthen muscles and bones, expel wind-damp	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY222
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl	Sagvongpi	Nephrolepidaceae	Tuber	Clear heat and drain dampness, moisten the lung and stop cough, remove food stagnation	Cultivated and wild	Fresh	HY165
Ocimum basilicum L	Giuqiêncha	Labiatae	Whole plant	Expel wind and release superficies, dispel the wind and relieve swelling, dispel stasis, and stop the pain	Cultivated and wild	Dry	MZ68
Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl	Magdung	Liliacae	Root tuber	Help produce saliva and slake thirst, moisten the lung and stop cough	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY194
Paederia foetida L	Gêsitên	Rubiaceae	Overground part	Expel wind-damp, remove food stagnation	Wild	Dry	HY116
Patrinia villosa Juss	Fuzai	Valerianaceae	Whole plant	Clear heat, relieve toxicity, relieve swelling, activate blood and dispel stasis	Wild	Dry	SG123
Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr	Fungsixiên	Acanthaceae	Stems and leave	Anti-inflammation and promote diuresis, clear heat and relieve toxicity, clear lung, and stop cough	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY149
Pholidota chinensis Lindl	Sagfulu	Orchidaceae	Whole plant	Nourish yin, clear lung, drain dampness, dissipate stasis	Wild	Dry and fresh	HY205
Phymatopteris hastata (Thunb.) Pic. Serm	Gimgêgiog	Polypodiaceae	Whole plant	Dispel the wind and clear heat, drain dampness, relieve toxicity	Wild	Dry	MZ84
Polygala chinensis L	Ziboiginngiu	Polygalaceae	Stems and leave	Stop cough, remove food stagnation, activate blood and dissipate stasis	Wild	Dry	HY084
Polygala fallax Hemsl	Daosuiwong	Polygalaceae	Roots	Strengthen spleen and kidney, nourish yin and purge fire	Wild	Dry	MZ108
Psychotria serpens L	Congêntên	Rubiaceae	Whole plant	Relax tendon and activate collaterals, strengthen muscles and bones, dispel the wind and stop the pain, cool blood, and relieve swelling	Wild	Dry	HY150
Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. Heller	Giad	Pteridiaceae	Leave	Promote diuresis and promote diuresis, clear heat and relieve toxicity	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY168
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr	Godgiong	Leguminosae	Roots	Release superficies and clear heat, help produce saliva and slake thirst, stop diarrhea	Wild	Dry	HY128
Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep	Godgiong	Leguminosae	Roots	Release superficies and clear heat, help produce saliva and slake thirst, stop diarrhea	Wild	Dry	MZ140
Isodon serra (Maxim.) Kudô	Haivongcau	Labiatae	Stems and leave	clear heat and drain dampness, cool blood and dispel stasis	Wild	Dry	SG99
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk	Dongli	Myrtaceae	Roots	Nourish blood, activate blood and dredging collaterals, astringe to arrest diarrhea	Wild	Dry	SG143
Rhus chinensis Mill	Yamsonkua	Anacardiaceae	Roots	Expel wind-damp, dissipate stasis, clear fever and relieve toxicity	wild	Dry	HY046
Rosa Laevigata Michx	Tonggonzi	Rosaceae	Roots and fruits	Activate blood and dissipate stasis, expel wind-damp, relieve toxicity and astringe	Wild	Dry	SG188
Salvia prionitis Hance	Funggêncau	Labiatae	Whole plant	Moisten lung and stop cough, anti-inflammation and anti-bacteria, relieve sore throat	Wild	Dry	HY039
Schizostachyum dumetorum (Hance) Munro	Miauzug	Gramineae	Seedling	Clear heat and relieve toxicity, promote appetite	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY156
Smilax china L	Ngangfantêu	Liliaceae	Rhizome	Clear heat and relieve toxicity, eliminate dampness and relieve swelling	wild	Dry	HY130
Smilax glabra Roxb	Ngangfantêu	Liliaceae	Rhizome	Clear damp-heat, relieve toxicity, invigorate spleen and stomach	Cultivated and wild	Dry	MZ131
Smilax riparia A. DC	Ngiumigiad	Liliaceae	Rhizome	Dispel the wind and activate collaterals, eliminate phlegm and stop cough	Wild	Dry	SG86
Sonerila cantonensis Stapf	Fungdêucau	Melastomataceae	Whole plant	Clear heat and relieve toxicity, promote diuresis	Wild	Dry	HY218
Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H.Ohashi	Gêusadle	Leguminosae	Roots	clear heat and relieve toxicity, invigorate the spleen and promote diuresis	Wild	Dry	MZ17
Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser	Gisangê	Loranthaceae	Whole plant	Nourish liver and kidney, strengthen muscles and bones, expel wind-damp; nourish the blood and prevent abortion	Wild	Dry	HY124
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq	Vongfasênmatêu	Tiliaceae	Whole plant	Release superficies and clear heat, promote diuresis and remove stagnation	Wild	Dry	HY064
Uraria crinita (L.) DC	Dagsengên	Leguminosae	Roots	Dissipate stasis and stop blooding, clear heat and stop cough	Cultivated and wild	Dry	HY035
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less	Yahiongngiu	Compositae	Whole plant	Expel wind and clear heat, draw out the poison and relieve swelling, calm the mind and nerves, remove food stagnation	Wild	Dry	MZ78
Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A. Mey	Timiêngin	Thymelaeaceae	Roots and stems	Clear heat, relieve toxicity, relieve swelling and pain	Wild	Dry	SG102

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