Table 5 Relative frequency of perception of availability and dynamics of species utilized by local populations
Species | Species availability (%) | Species dynamics (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rare | Abundant | Very abundant | Decrease | Constancy | Increase | |
All species | 39.88 | 45.86 | 14.24 | 40.08 | 19.05 | 40.86 |
Acacia spp (ex) | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 50.00 | 16.67 |
Adansonia digitata L | 58.05 | 29.89 | 12.07 | 52.30 | 19.54 | 28.16 |
Afzelia africana Sm. ex Pers | 38.25 | 54.10 | 7.65 | 40.44 | 17.49 | 42.08 |
Agave sisalana Perrine [cult.] | 45.45 | 36.36 | 18.18 | 36.36 | 18.18 | 45.45 |
Anacardium occidentale L. [cult.] | 53.33 | 26.67 | 20.00 | 33.33 | 26.67 | 40.00 |
Andropogon chinensis (Nees) Merr | 4.35 | 71.74 | 23.91 | 15.22 | 2.17 | 82.61 |
Andropogon gayanus Kunth | 10.53 | 37.72 | 51.75 | 7.89 | 6.14 | 85.96 |
Andropogon spp | 52.94 | 29.41 | 17.65 | 11.76 | 47.06 | 41.18 |
Annona senegalensis Pers | 37.50 | 52.08 | 10.42 | 45.83 | 12.50 | 41.67 |
Azadirachta indica A.Juss. [cult.] | 50.48 | 43.81 | 5.71 | 36.19 | 23.81 | 40.00 |
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile | 39.51 | 54.32 | 6.17 | 46.91 | 16.05 | 37.04 |
Boerhavia diffusa L | 22.22 | 77.78 | 0.00 | 44.44 | 11.11 | 44.44 |
Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuill | 60.00 | 35.38 | 4.62 | 75.38 | 4.62 | 20.00 |
Bridelia scleroneura Müll. Arg | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 71.43 | 0.00 | 28.57 |
Burkea africana Hook | 53.57 | 35.71 | 7.14 | 42.86 | 25.00 | 28.57 |
Cadaba farinosa Forssk | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 |
Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. f | 37.50 | 62.50 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 12.50 | 37.50 |
Capparis sepiaria L | 66.67 | 11.11 | 22.22 | 66.67 | 0.00 | 33.33 |
Capsicum frutescens L. [cult.] | 0.00 | 57.14 | 42.86 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Carica papaya L. [cult.] | 84.62 | 12.82 | 2.56 | 56.41 | 17.95 | 25.64 |
Cassia nigricans Vahl | 49.09 | 18.18 | 32.73 | 34.55 | 5.45 | 60.00 |
Cassia obtusifolia L | 23.08 | 38.46 | 38.46 | 7.69 | 7.69 | 84.62 |
Cassia sieberiana DC | 60.00 | 40.00 | 0.00 | 68.00 | 20.00 | 12.00 |
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn | 71.43 | 25.00 | 3.57 | 50.00 | 21.43 | 28.57 |
Chasmopodium caudatum (Hack.) Stapf | 22.22 | 44.44 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 5.56 | 61.11 |
Chrysopogon nigritanus (Benth.) Veldkamp | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Citrus aurantium L. [cult.] | 41.18 | 47.06 | 11.76 | 29.41 | 35.29 | 35.29 |
Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. [cult.] | 73.81 | 23.81 | 2.38 | 38.10 | 28.57 | 33.33 |
Cochlospermum planchonii Hook. f. ex Planch | 66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00 |
Cola cordifolia (Cav.) R.Br | 42.86 | 57.14 | 0.00 | 42.86 | 57.14 | 0.00 |
Cola laurifolia Mast | 33.33 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 66.67 |
Coldenia procumbens L | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Combretum adenogonium Steud. ex A. Rich | 47.62 | 52.38 | 0.00 | 47.62 | 28.57 | 23.81 |
Combretum collinum Fresen | 45.65 | 47.83 | 6.52 | 43.48 | 39.13 | 17.39 |
Combretum glutinosum Perr. ex DC | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Combretum molle G. Don | 66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 66.67 | 0.00 | 33.33 |
Combretum nigricans Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Combretum paniculatum Vent | 62.50 | 37.50 | 0.00 | 62.50 | 0.00 | 37.50 |
Combretum sericeum G. Don | 40.00 | 60.00 | 0.00 | 80.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 |
Corchorus olitorius L | 29.41 | 52.94 | 17.65 | 35.29 | 5.88 | 58.82 |
Cordia myxa L | 40.26 | 53.25 | 6.49 | 33.77 | 37.66 | 28.57 |
Crateva adansonii DC | 63.64 | 24.68 | 11.69 | 46.75 | 19.48 | 33.77 |
Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel. ex G.Don) Benth | 30.61 | 67.35 | 2.04 | 53.06 | 16.33 | 30.61 |
Cyanotis lanata Benth | 80.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 40.00 | 60.00 |
Cymbopogon caesius (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) Stapf | 10.71 | 50.00 | 39.29 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 75.00 |
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng | 30.43 | 43.48 | 26.09 | 52.17 | 13.04 | 34.78 |
Dalbergia boehmii Taub | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel | 26.15 | 66.15 | 7.69 | 35.38 | 20.00 | 46.15 |
Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr | 32.03 | 54.90 | 13.07 | 35.95 | 18.95 | 45.10 |
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn | 41.67 | 50.00 | 8.33 | 58.33 | 16.67 | 25.00 |
Dicoma tomentosa Cass | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC | 23.70 | 65.90 | 10.40 | 38.15 | 23.12 | 38.73 |
Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase | 11.11 | 77.78 | 11.11 | 27.78 | 0.00 | 72.22 |
Entada africana Guill. & Perr | 64.29 | 32.14 | 3.57 | 28.57 | 21.43 | 50.00 |
Erythrina senegalensis A.DC | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 50.00 |
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. [cult.] | 63.64 | 30.30 | 6.06 | 33.33 | 18.18 | 48.48 |
Fadogia agrestis Schweinf. ex Hiern | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. Del | 55.20 | 39.20 | 5.60 | 45.60 | 24.80 | 29.60 |
Feretia apodanthera Delile | 22.22 | 66.67 | 11.11 | 22.22 | 33.33 | 44.44 |
Ficus abutilifolia (Miq.) Miq | 0.00 | 77.78 | 22.22 | 33.33 | 22.22 | 44.44 |
Ficus dicranostyla Mildbr | 87.50 | 0.00 | 12.50 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Ficus platyphylla Delile | 41.67 | 50.00 | 8.33 | 33.33 | 16.67 | 50.00 |
Ficus sur Forssk | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Ficus sycomorus L | 33.09 | 54.68 | 12.23 | 38.85 | 21.58 | 39.57 |
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merrill | 66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt | 33.33 | 50.00 | 16.67 | 66.67 | 16.67 | 16.67 |
Gardenia erubescens Stapf & Hutch | 39.25 | 51.40 | 9.35 | 43.93 | 19.63 | 36.45 |
Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Gmelina arborea Roxb. [cult.] | 62.50 | 37.50 | 0.00 | 62.50 | 25.00 | 12.50 |
Grewia bicolor Juss | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 |
Grewia cissoides Hutch. & Dalziel | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Grewia lasiodiscus K.Schum | 20.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 80.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 |
Grewia spp | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Guiera senegalensis J.F.Gmel | 19.05 | 76.19 | 4.76 | 38.10 | 0.00 | 61.90 |
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes | 69.23 | 15.38 | 15.38 | 53.85 | 7.69 | 38.46 |
Haematostaphis barteri Hook.f | 25.00 | 75.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 75.00 |
Hibiscus cannabinus L. [cult.] | 14.29 | 28.57 | 57.14 | 57.14 | 0.00 | 42.86 |
Hymenocardia acida Tul | 22.22 | 77.78 | 0.00 | 66.67 | 11.11 | 22.22 |
Hyparrhenia spp | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 |
Hyptis spicigera Lam | 22.22 | 51.39 | 26.39 | 6.94 | 33.33 | 59.72 |
Indigofera bracteolata DC | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 |
Ipomoea carnea Jacq | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 |
Isoberlinia doka Craib & Stapf | 37.25 | 54.90 | 7.84 | 41.18 | 7.84 | 50.98 |
Jatropha curcas L. [cult.] | 66.67 | 18.52 | 14.81 | 7.41 | 11.11 | 81.48 |
Khaya senegalensis (Desv.) A. Juss | 29.24 | 49.12 | 21.64 | 45.61 | 13.45 | 40.94 |
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 80.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Landolphia heudelotii A. DC | 71.43 | 28.57 | 0.00 | 28.57 | 42.86 | 28.57 |
Lannea acida A. Rich | 54.29 | 31.43 | 14.29 | 54.29 | 17.14 | 28.57 |
Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause | 25.53 | 60.64 | 13.83 | 34.57 | 23.94 | 40.96 |
Lannea velutina A.Rich | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) Decne | 50.00 | 37.50 | 12.50 | 62.50 | 12.50 | 25.00 |
Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N.Hallé | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay | 68.89 | 28.89 | 2.22 | 42.22 | 15.56 | 42.22 |
Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E.Hubb | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Loudetia togoensis (Pilg.) C.E.Hubb | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Maerua angolensis DC | 83.33 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 83.33 | 16.67 | 0.00 |
Maerua crassifolia Forssk | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Mangifera indica L. [cult.] | 68.03 | 24.59 | 7.38 | 45.08 | 23.77 | 31.15 |
Mimosa pigra L | 16.67 | 50.00 | 33.33 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 83.33 |
Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze | 63.33 | 33.33 | 3.33 | 56.67 | 23.33 | 20.00 |
Moringa oleifera L | 70.00 | 24.29 | 5.71 | 50.00 | 20.00 | 30.00 |
Nymphaea lotus L | 57.14 | 14.29 | 28.57 | 57.14 | 0.00 | 42.86 |
Ocimum americanum L | 8.70 | 34.78 | 56.52 | 10.87 | 6.52 | 82.61 |
Oncoba spinosa Forssk | 50.00 | 33.33 | 16.67 | 50.00 | 38.89 | 11.11 |
Opilia amentacea Roxb | 46.67 | 33.33 | 20.00 | 53.33 | 13.33 | 33.33 |
Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.Rich.) Munro | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R.Fern. & A.Fern | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don f | 29.33 | 50.96 | 19.71 | 41.35 | 16.83 | 41.83 |
Paullinia pinnata L | 28.57 | 42.86 | 28.57 | 28.57 | 14.29 | 57.14 |
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 75.00 |
Pennisetum spp | 12.00 | 28.00 | 60.00 | 24.00 | 4.00 | 72.00 |
Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth. ex Bak.) van Meeuwen | 20.00 | 73.33 | 6.67 | 33.33 | 6.67 | 60.00 |
Philenoptera laxiflora (Guill. & Perr.) Roberty | 38.89 | 61.11 | 0.00 | 22.22 | 0.00 | 77.78 |
Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst | 56.52 | 17.39 | 26.09 | 60.87 | 17.39 | 26.09 |
Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redhead | 44.12 | 35.29 | 20.59 | 42.65 | 20.59 | 36.76 |
Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub | 50.00 | 40.91 | 9.09 | 31.82 | 36.36 | 31.82 |
Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms | 21.74 | 56.52 | 21.74 | 30.43 | 17.39 | 52.17 |
Psidium guajava L. [cult.] | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 61.90 | 14.29 | 23.81 |
Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir | 32.32 | 56.10 | 11.59 | 43.90 | 21.95 | 34.15 |
Pterocarpus santalinoides DC | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Raphionacme splendens Schltr | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton | 28.33 | 45.00 | 26.67 | 5.00 | 51.67 | 43.33 |
Rytigynia senegalensis Blume | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon | 30.22 | 58.27 | 11.51 | 33.09 | 29.50 | 36.69 |
Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A.Bruce | 39.47 | 39.47 | 21.05 | 57.89 | 5.26 | 36.84 |
Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst | 76.19 | 23.81 | 0.00 | 57.14 | 14.29 | 28.57 |
Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen | 65.85 | 26.83 | 7.32 | 70.73 | 7.32 | 21.95 |
Senegalia ataxacantha (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr | 16.67 | 50.00 | 33.33 | 16.67 | 33.33 | 50.00 |
Senegalia gourmaensis (A.Chev.) Kyal. & Boatwr | 4.76 | 66.67 | 28.57 | 33.33 | 4.76 | 61.90 |
Senegalia macrostachya (Reichenb. ex DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr | 30.00 | 30.00 | 40.00 | 60.00 | 0.00 | 40.00 |
Senegalia polyacantha (Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger | 57.14 | 42.86 | 0.00 | 14.29 | 28.57 | 57.14 |
Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv | 33.33 | 50.00 | 16.67 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 |
Sterculia setigera Delile | 64.86 | 29.73 | 5.41 | 48.65 | 18.92 | 32.43 |
Stereospermum kunthianum Cham | 28.57 | 42.86 | 28.57 | 42.86 | 0.00 | 57.14 |
Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth | 41.18 | 41.18 | 17.65 | 0.00 | 72.55 | 27.45 |
Strophanthus hispidus DC | 57.14 | 42.86 | 0.00 | 57.14 | 0.00 | 42.86 |
Strychnos innocua Delile | 75.00 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 75.00 | 25.00 | 0.00 |
Strychnos spinosa Lam | 21.54 | 64.62 | 13.85 | 41.54 | 10.77 | 47.69 |
Tamarindus indica L | 31.40 | 54.55 | 14.05 | 47.93 | 14.05 | 38.02 |
Tapinanthus spp | 68.42 | 31.58 | 0.00 | 31.58 | 5.26 | 63.16 |
Tectona grandis L.f. [cult.] | 72.00 | 28.00 | 0.00 | 26.00 | 28.00 | 46.00 |
Tephrosia linearis (Willd.) Pers | 33.33 | 0.00 | 66.67 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 66.67 |
Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr | 29.03 | 61.29 | 9.68 | 70.97 | 9.68 | 19.35 |
Terminalia engleri Gere & Boatwr. | 46.67 | 33.33 | 20.00 | 46.67 | 20.00 | 33.33 |
Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr | 58.97 | 41.03 | 0.00 | 41.03 | 35.90 | 23.08 |
Terminalia schimperi Hochst. ex Hutch. & Dalziel | 29.63 | 55.56 | 14.81 | 38.27 | 22.22 | 39.51 |
Trichilia emetica Vahl | 66.67 | 25.00 | 8.33 | 41.67 | 0.00 | 58.33 |
Triumfetta lepidota K.Schum | 30.77 | 61.54 | 7.69 | 46.15 | 0.00 | 53.85 |
Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb | 84.21 | 13.16 | 2.63 | 52.63 | 21.05 | 26.32 |
Vachellia seyal (Del.) P.J.H.Hurter | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr | 50.00 | 28.57 | 21.43 | 35.71 | 14.29 | 50.00 |
Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake | 62.50 | 31.25 | 6.25 | 50.00 | 6.25 | 43.75 |
Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn | 18.80 | 46.15 | 35.04 | 29.49 | 20.51 | 50.00 |
Vitex chrysocarpa Planch. ex Benth | 87.50 | 12.50 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
Vitex doniana Sweet | 31.07 | 57.28 | 11.65 | 42.72 | 10.68 | 46.60 |
Ximenia americana L | 43.96 | 52.75 | 3.30 | 46.15 | 14.29 | 39.56 |
Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepernick & Timler | 45.45 | 54.55 | 0.00 | 45.45 | 9.09 | 45.45 |
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam | 41.67 | 50.00 | 8.33 | 75.00 | 8.33 | 16.67 |
Ziziphus mucronata Willd | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |