Table 4 List of plant species with their use value (UV)
From: Ethnomedicinal study of medicinal plants used by Mizo tribes in Champhai district of Mizoram, India
Sl. no | Species name; voucher no | Family name | Local name | aHabit | bPart Use | Mode of administration | Ailments & UR | FC | UV | Isolated chemical compounds | Bioactivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Allium cepa L. (HAMP20045) | Liliaceae | Purun sen | H | Rt (Bulb) | Raw | Hair care (12), headache (1) | 13 | 0.065 | S-alk(en)yl-substituted cysteine sulphoxides, quercetin, kaempferol [21] | Antioxidant, appetiser Antimicrobial, Hypertension, hair regrowth [22, 23] |
2 | Allium sativum L. (HAMP20046) | Liliaceae | Purun var | H | Rt (Bulb) | Raw | Tension (10), toothache (2), cold (12), pimple (7) | 31 | 0.155 | S-allyl-cysteine, Allyl thiosulfinate (Allicin), S-ally-mercapto cysteine [24, 25] | Fever, hypertension, antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, tooth disease, immune boost, etc. [26,27,28] |
3 | Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (HAMP20047) | Liliaceae | Rul lei | H | Lf | Raw | Burn (21), Stomachache (2), skin care (9) | 32 | 0.16 | Vitamin E, Sulfuric acid, butyl heptadecylic ester, 1-Tetradecyne [29] | Antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, laxative, antidiarrhoea, wound healing, antiaging, antioxidant, etc. [30, 31] |
4 | Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (HAMP20006) | Apocynaceae | Thuamriat | T | Br | Decoction | Ulcer (15) | 15 | 0.075 | Alstonine, picrinine, akuammicine, echitamine [32] | Antimicrobial, anti-asthmatic, antioxidant, anti-ulcers, anticancer, rheumatic, inflammatory, wound healing, etc. [33, 34] |
5 | Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (HAMP20019) | Bromeliaceae | Lakhuihthei | Sh | Lf, Fr | Raw, paste | Ulcer (12), seizure (1), Hypertension (10), urinary infection (16), lung disease (10) | 49 | 0.245 | 1-O-feruloylglycerol, tricin, 2, 4-dichlorobenzoic acid, etc. [35] | Anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, antioxidant, antiedematous, anthelminthic, diuretic, rheumatoid, anticancer, antimicrobial, etc. [36, 37] |
6 | Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl. (HAMP20062) | Orchidaceae | Hnah mawi | H | Lf | Paste | Pile problem (12) | 12 | 0.06 | Not reported | Not reported |
7 | Anogeissus acuminata (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. Ex Guillem. &Perr. (HAMP20023) | Combretaceae | Zairum | T | Br | Decoction, | Ulcer (26) | 26 | 0.13 | Castamollilin, Grandinin, (-)-Secoisolariciresinol, 2,3-bis-(4-Hydroxybenzyl butadiene [38] | Hypoglycemic, wound healing, cytoxicity, antibacterial, etc. [39, 40] |
8 | Aporosa octandra (Buch-Ham. ex D. Don) Vickery (HAMP20035) | Euphorbiaceae | Chhawntual | T | Lf, Br | Decoction | Ulcer (5), uterus problem (11) | 16 | 0.08 | 2-Methyl-3-en-butyl-cyclohexyl Phthalate, (R)-Coclaurine (AO-5) [41] | Antioxidant, anthelmintic, oxidative stress, D-galactose induce protectivity, etc. [42, 43] |
9 | Azadirachta indica A. Juss (HAMP20052) | Meliaceae | Neem | T | Lf | Decoction | Malaria (16), jaundice (8) | 24 | 0.12 | Diepoxyazadirol, flowerine, flowerone, O-methylazadir-onolide [44] | Immunostimulant, antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, etc. [45] |
10 | Begonia inflata C.B. Clark. (HAMP20016) | Begoniaceae | Sekhupthur | H, Cr | Lf | Paste, juice | Pile problem (12), diarrhoea (11), dysentery (14) | 37 | 0.185 | Not reported | Not reported |
11 | Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (HAMP20028) | Cucurbitaceae | Maipawl | H, Cr | Fr | Decoction | Stomach problem (4), digestion (10), diarrhoea (15) | 29 | 0.145 | Pentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-2,4- dibutyl phenyl esters, Palmitic acid, 9,12-Octadeca-dienylchloride [46] | Anti-obesity; anti-ulcer; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; anti-diarrhoeal; anxiolytic; antidiabetic, antinociceptive, etc. [47, 48] |
12 | Beta vulgaris L. (HAMP20001) | Amaranthaceae | Beet root | H | Rh | Raw, juice | Aneamia (3), immuno- booster (8), cancer (4) | 15 | 0.075 | Apigenin, Luteolin, Isoscutellarein 7-O-glucosyl, 8-O-xylosid, Caffeoyl-6-(3,4-dihydroxy benzoyl) β-D-glucoside [49] | Antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-hypertension, hypoglycemic [50, 51] |
13 | Betula alnoides Buch-Ham. ex D. Don (HAMP20017) | Betulaceae | Hriang | T | Lf | Paste | Tooth paste (7) | 7 | 0.035 | α-pinene; a-terpineol; limonene; camphor; β-pinene [52] | Cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc. [2, 53] |
14 | Bischofia javanica Blume (HAMP20036) | Euphorbiaceae | Khuang thli | T | Lf | Paste | Toothache (13) | 13 | 0.065 | 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol, isotachioside, catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin [54] | Antimicrobial, antiulcer, cytoxicity, antidysentry, anthelminthic, etc. [55, 56] |
15 | Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (HAMP20041) | Fabaceae | Behliang | Sh | Lf | Decoction | Jaundice (25), intestinal worms (3) | 28 | 0.14 | 3,5-bis1,1-dimethylethyl, Tetradecanoic acid, allyl hexadecyl, ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid [57] | Antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, glycemic, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, etc. [58] |
16 | Callicarpa arborea Roxb. (HAMP20087) | Verbenaceae | Hnah kiah | T | Lf, Br | Decoction | Stomach ache (9), diabetes (16), convulsion (7) | 32 | 0.16 | Martynoside, Isomartynoside, Ursolic acid, Antiarol rutinoside [59] | Antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, etc. [59] |
17 | Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (HAMP20082) | Theaceae | Thingpuife | Sh | Lf | Raw, Decoction | Toothace (7), itchy eye (7) | 14 | 0.07 | Caffeine, Theobromine, Gallic acid, Ampelopsin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, catechin-3-O-gallate [60] | Antimicrobial, tooth decay, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, etc. [61, 62] |
18 | Cannabis sativa L. (HAMP20021) | Cannabinaceae | Trip/ Kanza | H | Lf | Raw, | Stomach ache (12), diarrhoea (24) | 36 | 0.18 | Cannabigerol, cannabichromene, cannabidiol, cannabisativa, delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol [63] | Antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumour, anti-diabetic, antibiotic [64] |
19 | Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (HAMP20005) | Apiaceae | Darbengbur /lambak | H | WP | Decoction | Stomach ache (8), urinary infection (17), kidney disease (2), eye pain (2) | 29 | 0.145 | Centellin, asiaticin, centellicin [65] | Ati-ulcer, neuroprotective, antidepressant, anticonvulsion, immunostimulating, antioxidant, antibacterial, kidney injury protectivity, etc. [66, 67] |
20 | Capsicum annuum L. (HAMP20084) | Solanaceae | Hmarhcha | H | Fr | Paste | Wasp sting (9), burn (3), toothache (4), boil (2) | 18 | 0.09 | Ascorbic acids, quercetin, luteolin, chrysoeriol, hydroxycinnamic acids [68] | Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, analgesic, etc. [69] |
21 | Carica papaya L. (HAMP20026) | Caricaceae | Thingfanghma | T | Lf, Fr sap | Paste, raw | Tonsil (1), face pack (3), cancer (16), diabetes (11), dog bite (17), milk booster in mother (5) | 53 | 0.265 | Benzyl-β-d glucoside, β-sistosterol, β-sistosterol, oleic acids [70] | Antimalaria, antidiuretic, antimicrobial, anthelminthic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, etc. [71, 72] |
22 | Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A. DC. (HAMP20044) | Fagaceae | Thingsia | T | Br | Paste | Toothache (17) | 17 | 0.085 | Not reported | Antioxidant [73] |
23 | Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (HAMP20007) | Apocynaceae | Kumtluang | T | Lf | Decoction | Hypertension (18), diabetes (20) | 38 | 0.19 | 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-3- O-(6-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside), kaempferol-3-O- (6-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside) [74] | Antihypercholesterollemi, antideuretic, antibacterial, antimalaria, antiviral, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic antidiarrhoeal, antioxidant, anthelminthic, etc. [75, 76] |
24 | Cheilocostus speciosus (J. Koenig) C.D. Specht (HAMP20090) | Zingiberaceae | Sumbul | Sh | Rh | Decoction | Kidney disease (5), urinary problem (16), stomach ache (18) | 39 | 0.195 | 24-hydroxytriacontan-26-one, sitosterol, cyloartanol, methyl triacontanoate [77] | |
25 | Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (HAMP20011) | Asteraceae | Tlangsam | H | Lf | Decoction, raw | Kidney disease (18), diarrhoea (13), stomach, ache (8), jaundice (14), wound (34) | 87 | 0.435 | α & β-pinenes,1,8-Cineole, β-Calacorene, β-Copaen-4α-ol [80] | Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodiac, antimalaria, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc. [81, 82] |
26 | Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (HAMP20074) | Rutaceae | Champara | T | Fr | Juice | Stomach problem (7), digestion (9) | 16 | 0.08 | Pinene, Sabinene limonene, Myrcene, Telinene [83] | Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiobesity, anthelminthic [84, 85] |
27 | Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (HAMP20075) | Rutaceae | Sertawk | Sh | S | Raw | Hypertension (36) | 36 | 0.18 | Naringenin,5,7-dihydroxylcoumarin, 1, 3,5-trihydroxyhenzene, xanthotoxol [86] | Antimicrobial, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, etc. [87, 88] |
28 | Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (HAMP20076) | Rutaceae | Nimbu | T | Fr | Juice | Stomach problem (24), digestion (44) | 68 | 0.34 | Ascorbic acid, y-Aminobutyric acid, alanine, aspartic acid, arginine [89] | Anticancer, antiparasitic anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, [90] |
29 | Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl. (HAMP20088) | Verbenaceae | Phuihnam | Sh | Lf | Decoction | Hypertension (44) | 44 | 0.22 | Strongyloster, lupeol, n hentriacontane, palmitic acid, 2-pentadecyn-1-ol, hexacosane, vitamin E [91] | 2-pentadecyn-1-ol, hexacosane, vitamin E [91] |
30 | Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (HAMP20008) | Araceae | Dawl | H | St sap | Juice | Vaginal discharge/ Lochia (2) | 2 | 0.01 | 14α-methyl-5α-cholesta-9, 24-diene-3b, 7α-diol; 9, 12, cyanidin 3-glucoside; 9, 12, 13-trihydroxy-(E)- 10-octadecenoic acid [92] | Antihepatotoxicity, anthelminthic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc. [92,93,94,95] |
31 | Combretum wallichii DC (HAMP20024) | Combretaceae | Leihruisen | Sh | Sh | Raw | Tonsil (19) | 19 | 0.095 | Not reported | Anthelminthic [96] |
32 | Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore (HAMP20012) | Asteraceae | Buar thau | H | Lf | Paste | Wound bleeding (14) | 14 | 0.07 | (E)-β-farnesene, α-humulene, cis-β-guaiene, α-bulnesene [97] | |
33 | Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (HAMP20029) | Cucurbitaceae | Mai | H, Cr | S | Raw | Instestinl worm (15) | 15 | 0.075 | Oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, p-coumaric [100] | Antidiabetic, anticancer, antiobesity, antihelmintic, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic [101] |
34 | Curcuma caesia Roxb. (HAMP20091) | Zingiberaceae | Ailaidum | H | Rh | Raw, juice | Stomach ache (4), diarrhoea (18) | 22 | 0.11 | α, β-pineneeucalyptol, camphor, camphene, gallic acid, quercetin [102] | Antimicrobial, analgesic, antioxidant, antiulcer, antimutagenic, anti-asthmatic, anthelminthic, etc. [103] |
35 | Curcuma longa L. (HAMP20092) | Zingiberaceae | Aieng | H | Rh | Powder, juice | Ulcer (67), diarrhoea (4), derma care (30), stomach ache (35) | 136 | 0.68 | Curcumin, ar-turmerone, β-sesquiphellandrene, curcumenol [104] | Antimicrobial, anticancer gastrointestinal and respiratory disorder, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective, anti-dermatophytic, neuroprotective, etc. [105] |
36 | Cucumis sativus L.h (HAMP20030) | Cucurbitaceae | Fanghma | H, Cr | Lf | Decoction, raw | Malaria (8), derma care (17) | 25 | 0.125 | Myristic acid, karounidiol, avenasterol, palmitoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid [106] | Antimicrobial, antiulcer, antitumour, wound healing, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. [107] |
37 | Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze (HAMP20013) | Asteraceae | Vawkek tumtual | H | Lf | Decoction | Kidney disease (24) | 24 | 0.12 | Stearic acid, stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol, epifriedelanol, Methyl stearate, tritetracontane [108] | Antimicrobial, cytotoxity, antidiarhoeal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotectivity [109,110,111] |
38 | Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. (HAMP20032) | Dilleniaceae | Kaihzawl | T | Lf, Br | Decoction | Diarrhoea (21), kidney disease (1) | 22 | 0.11 | Dillenetin, betunaldehyde, betulinic acid, quercetin, kaempferol glucoside, lupeol [112] | Antimicrobial, antiviral antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory [112] |
39 | Dioscorea alata L. (HAMP20033) | Discoreaceae | Bachhim | H, Cr | Fr | Decoction | Cancer (27) | 27 | 0.135 | Hydro-Q9 chromene, γ-tocopherol-9, 1-feruloylglycerol, RRR-α-tocopherol [113] | Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, etc. [114, 115] |
40 | Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult. (HAMP20027) | Caryophyllaceae | Changkal rit | H, Cr | Lf | Decoction, paste | Rheumatism (24), dysentery (4) | 28 | 0.14 | Stigmasterol, cerebroside [116] | Analgesic, anxiolytic, antipyretic, antitussive, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory [116] |
41 | Dysoxylum excelsum Blume. (HAMP20051) | Meliaceae | Thingthupui | T | YS | Decoction | Diarrhoea (18), hyper tension (12) | 30 | 0.15 | Isodauc-6-ene-10β,14-diol; 4-epi-isodauc-6-ene-10β,14-diol; 4-epi-6α,10β-dihydroxy-artabotrol [117] | Not reported |
42 | Elaeagnus caudata Schltdl. ex Momiy. (HAMP20034) | Elaegnaceae | Sarzuk | T | Lf | Decoction | Vaginal discharge/ Lochia (31) | 31 | 0.155 | Not reported | |
43 | Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (HAMP20009) | Arecaceae | Oil palm | T | Oil | Oil | Wound (1), burn (1), hair care (3) | 5 | 0.025 | 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine; acetoin; 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; ethyl hexanoate; 3-methylbutyl xacetate [120] | Antioxidant, wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular effect, antidiabetic, anticancer, etc. [121, 122] |
44 | Embelia vestita Roxb. (HAMP20010) | Arecaceae | Tling | Sh | Lf | Decoction | Measles (16), chickenpox (65) | 81 | 0.405 | Not reported | Not reported |
45 | Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman (HAMP20057) | Musaceae | Saisu | H | St | Decoction | Nephrolithiasis (34) | 34 | 0.17 | Not reported | Not reported |
46 | Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman (HAMP20058) | Musaceae | Changel/ Tumbu | H | St sap, Fr | Juice | Snake bite (6), kidney disease (1), diabetes (4), WBC deficiency (23) | 34 | 0.17 | Pentadecanoic acid; 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-; 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl) [123] | Kidney stone preventivity, antioxidant, etc. [124] |
47 | Erythrina stricta Roxb. (HAMP20042) | Fabaceae | Fartuah | T | Br | Decoction | Ulcer (8), kidney disease (2) | 10 | 0.05 | β-caryophyllene; δ-cadenine; alpinum isoflavone; obovatin; isovanillin [125] | Antimicrobial, epilepsy, antioxidant, leprosy, anti-inflammatory, etc. [126, 127] |
48 | Eulophia nuda Lindl. (HAMP20062) | Orchidaceae | Nauban | H | WP | Decoction | Diarrhoea (2) | 2 | 0.01 | Eulophiol;3,4-dihydroxy-3,5,5- trimethoxybibenzyl; nudol; lupeol [128] | Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiasthmatic/ antibronchitis [128, 129] |
49 | Euphorbia milii Des Moul. (HAMP20037) | Euphorbiaceae | Hlinglukhum | H | Lf | Raw | Diarrhoea (52) | 52 | 0.26 | Abruquinone B; eremopetasitenin A; ellagic acid; isopetasoside; 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin; [130] | Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytoxicity, antinociceptive, anthelmintic, etc. [131, 132] |
50 | Euphorbia royleana Boiss. (HAMP20038) | Euphorbiaceae | Chawng | Sh | Lf sap | Juice | Otorrhoea (38) | 38 | 0.19 | Antiquorine A; Eurifoloid D; sandaracopimaradienolal; 15-isopimaradien-18-a [133] | Antitumour, anti-arthritic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, etc. [134, 135] |
51 | Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle (HAMP20039) | Euphorbiaceae | Saisiak | Sh | Lf | Decoction | Diabetes (59), stomach ache (17), chicken pox (50) | 126 | 0.63 | 11-O-acetyl bergenin; gallic acid; virosecurinine; kaempferol; β-sitosterol; quercetin [136] | Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-hepatitis C, etc. [137, 138] |
52 | Gomphogyne cissiformis Griff. (HAMP20031) | Cucurbitaceae | Lalruanga dawi bur | H, Cr | Fr | Juice | Hypertension (6), diabetes (7) | 13 | 0.065 | Not reported | Not reported |
53 | Hedyotis scandens Roxb. (HAMP20072) | Rubiaceae | Kelhnam tur | H | Lf | Decoction | Kidney disease (4), pain relief (7), diabetes (10) | 21 | 0.105 | Hedyotoside A; hedyotoside B; hedyotoside C, D & E [139] | |
54 | Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R.Br. ex Blume (HAMP20069) | Proteaceae | Pasal-taka-za | T | Lf | Decoction | Placenta discharge (6), stomach pain (8), kidney disorder (1) | 15 | 0.075 | Not reported | Not reported |
55 | Hibiscus sinensis Mill. (HAMP20052) | Malvaceae | Midum par | Sh | Lf | Paste | Boil (4) | 4 | 0.02 | Quercetin-3,5-diglucoside, undecanoic acid, cyanidin chorides, rachidic acid, cyanin [142] | Antioxidant, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antifertility, anticonvulsive, etc. [142, 143] |
56 | Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HAMP20077) | Saururaceae | Ui thinthang | H | Lf | Juice | Sainus problem (16) | 16 | 0.08 | Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside, aristolactam A & B, β-Sitosterol, N-phenethyl-benzamide [144] | Antiviral, antitumour, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-SARS, immunomodulator, etc. [144] |
57 | Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (HAMP20025) | Convovulaceae | Kawl-ba-hra | H, Cr | YS | Raw | Digestion (37) | 37 | 0.185 | 3-mono-O-caffeoylquinic acid; caffeic acid; vitamin C; kaempferol [145] [145] | Antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, antiulcer, cardiovascular effect [145] |
58 | Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (HAMP20043) | Fabaceae | Bepui | Sh | Lf | Paste | Vaccine pain relief (18) | 18 | 0.09 | Phytic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid [146] | Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypolipidemic [147] |
59 | Laurocerasus undulata (Buch-Ham. ex D. Don) M. Roem. (HAMP20071) | Rosaceae | Thei-ar-lung | H | Lf | Decoction | Heart disease (14) | 14 | 0.07 | Not reported | Not reported |
60 | Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell (HAMP20078) | Scrophulariaceae | Thasuih | H | WP | Paste | Sciatica (24) | 24 | 0.12 | Linderruelliosides A & B; plantainoside A; acteoside, desrhamnosylverbascoside [148] | Anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antiulcer, analgesic [149] |
61 | Lobelia angulata G. Forst. (HAMP20020) | Campanulaceae | Choak-a-thi | H | WP | Decoction | Tonsil (9), gallstone (16) | 25 | 0.125 | Not reported | Not reported |
62 | Maesa indica (Roxb.) A. DC. (HAMP20060) | Myrsinaceae | Arngeng | Sh | Lf | Paste | Toothache (4) | 4 | 0.02 | 2 5 dihydroxy-6-methyl 3 (hemeos 16-enyl)-1 4benzoquinone [150] | Hypoglycemic, [151] |
63 | Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre (HAMP20050) | Magnoliaceae | Ngiau | T | Lf | Miceration | Itchy eyes (18) | 18 | 0.09 | Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-3-oxo-, ethyl ester; Camphorsulfonic acid [152] | Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, anticancer [152, 153] |
64 | Mangifera indica L. (HAMP20002) | Anacardiaceae | Theihai | T | YS | Decoction | Diarrhoea (5), diabetes (10), hypertension (10), asthma (6) | 31 | 0.155 | Quercetin-3-O-β-L-rhamnopyranoside; maclurin-3-C-β-glucoside; amentoflavone; mangiferin [154] | Antidiabetic, antiviral, antiulcer, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial [155] |
65 | Mentha arvensis L. (HAMP20048) | Lamiaceae | Pudina | H | Lf | Decoction | Stomach problem (38) | 38 | 0.19 | Menthol, p-menthone, neo-menthone, iso-menthone [156] | Antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antifertility, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic [157] |
66 | Mesua ferrea L. (HAMP20022) | Clusiaceae | Herhse | T | Lf | Paste, decoction | Wound (8), stomachache (7), diarrhoea (3) | 18 | 0.09 | 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone; euxanthone, 7-methyl ether; β-sitosterol [158] | Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-arthritis, analgesic, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant [159] |
67 | Mikania micrantha Kunth. (HAMP20014) | Asteraceae | Japan Hlo | H, Cr | Lf | Paste, decoction | Wound (52), diarrhoea (8), dysentery (6), stomach ache (16) | 82 | 0.41 | β-cubebene; 1H-inden-1-one, 5-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-2, 3-; allo-aromadendrene; β-caryophyllene [160] | |
68 | Mimosa pudica L. (HAMP20054) | Mimosaceae | Hlonuar | H | Lf | Decoction | Kidney disease (37) | 37 | 0.185 | 7, 8, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyl-6-C [alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 – > 2)]-beta- D-glucopyranosyl flavone; catcher; 5, 7,3', 4'-tetrahydroxyl-6-C [alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1 – > 2)]-beta- D-glucopyranosyl flavone [163] | Wound healing, antimicrobial, analgesic, antimalaria, anti-inflammatory, hepatotoxicity, antidiarrhoeal, anthelminthes [164] |
69 | Morus macroura Miq. (HAMP20056) | Moraceae | Lung-li | T | Lf | Raw | Cut / wound (22) | 2 | 0.01 | Gallic acid, catechin, p-hydroxy benzoic, ellagic acid,3,4,5- methoxy cinnamic [165] | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiulcer [165] |
70 | Musa acuminata Colla (HAMP20059) | Musaceae | Balhla | H | Fr, sap | Paste, Decoction | Diabetic wound (6), lung disease (2), snake bite (4) | 12 | 0.06 | Pantothenic acid (B5), ferulic acid-hexoside, Vitamin C, provitamin A, lycopene [166] | Antioxidant, antidiarrhoea, immunomodulatory, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, antimicrobial [167, 168] |
71 | Mussaenda macrophylla Wall. (HAMP20072) | Rubiaceae | Va-kep | Sh | Lf | Decoction | Internal bleeding (17) | 17 | 0.085 | 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-28-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-16α-hydroxy-23-deoxyprotobassic acid; 16α-hydroxyprotobassic acid; 3-O-acetyldaturadiol; rotundic acid [169] | Antimicrobial [170] |
72 | Ocimum americanum L. (HAMP20049) | Lamiaceae | Runhmui | H | Lf, St | Paste | Pile problem (2) | 2 | 0.01 | á-pinene; farnesene; terpineol; farnesol; limonen [171] | |
73 | Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (HAMP20018) | Bignoniaceae | Ar-chang- kawm | T | Br, Lf | Paste, decoction | Ulcer (6), arthritis (13), diarrhoea (3), dysentry (6), hepatitis C (9) | 37 | 0.185 | Ellagic acid; oroxylin-A; 7-o-methyl chrysin; palmitoleic; linoleic acids [174] | Anticancer, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, amtiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunostimulatant, cardioprotective [175] |
74 | Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze (HAMP20064) | Pandanaceae | Ram-la-kuih | Sh | Lf | Decoction | Kidney disease 24 | 24 | 0.12 | Not reported | Anticancer, antimicrobial [176] |
75 | Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. (HAMP20055) | Mimosaceae | Zawngtah | T | Fr, peel, Br | Paste, raw | Diabetes (10), baby umblical care (2), hypertension (4) | 16 | 0.08 | β-sitostero; javanicoside A; epigallocatechin gallate; ursolic acid; hyperin [177] | Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, antibacterial, anti-insecticidal [177] |
76 | Phyllanthus emblica L. (HAMP20065) | Phyllanthaceae | Sunhlu | T | Fr | Raw, juice | Diarrhoea (2), skincare (12), stomach problem (8), energybooster (7), diabetes (9), hypertension (6), jaundice (4) | 48 | 0.24 | Ascorbic acids, gallic acids, quercetin, punigluconin, emblicanin A&B, citric acids [178] | Antimicrobial, analgesic, antioxidant, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antitumour, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant [178] |
77 | Picria fel-terrae Lour. (HAMP20079) | Scrophulariaceae | Khatual | H | Lf | Decoction | Hypertension (24) | 24 | 0.12 | Rosmarinic acid; apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide; picfeltarraegenin IV; acteoside; apigenin [179] | |
78 | Plantago major L. (HAMP20066) | Plantaginaceae | Kelba-an | H | Lf | Decoction | Kidney disease (2), urinary problem (34) | 36 | 0.18 | Plantaginin; plantagonin; ursolic acid; aucubin; palmitic acid, ascorbic acid [182] | Immunomodulator, antioxidant, analgesic, antiulcer, antibiotic, antiviral, cytotoxicity, hepatoprotective [182] |
79 | Psidium guajava L. (HAMP20061) | Myrtaceae | Kawl-thei | T | Lf | Decoction | Diarrhoea (97), hair fall (1) | 98 | 0.49 | β-sitosterol; guajanoic acid; oleanolic acid; uvaol; ursolic acid [183] | Anti-allergy, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticough, antinogenetic, analgesic, cytotoxicity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammator [184] |
80 | Pseudodrynaria coronans (Wall. ex Mett.) Ching (HAMP20067) | Polypodiaceae | Awmvel | H | Lf | Paste | Herpes (12) | 12 | 0.06 | Kaempferol-3-O-(6'' -O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside; astragalin; isoquercitrin; kaempferol3-O-(6'' -O-feruloyl-4'' -O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside [185] | Antioxidant [185] |
81 | Punica granatum L. (HAMP20068) | Punicaceae | Thei-buh-fai | T | Fr | Raw, juice | Anemia (5), immuno- booster (21), cancer (5) | 31 | 0.155 | Ellagic acid; kaempferol; anthocyanins; punicalagin; quercetin; luteolin; ellagitannins [186] | Antiepileptic, antimicrobial, antiviral antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective [186] |
82 | Rhus chinensis Mill. (HAMP20003) | Anacardiaceae | Khawmhma | T | Fr | Raw, powder | Diarrhoea (27), stomach ache (18) | 45 | 0.225 | Moronic acid; gallicin; 3-oxo-6β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic; aciddimethyl caffic acid; phytol [187] | Antidiarrhoeal, anticancer, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective [187] |
83 | Sarcococca pruniformis Lindl. (HAMP20040) | Euphorbiaceae | Pawhrual | H | Lf | Raw, decoction | Tonsil (49) | 49 | 0.245 | Not reported | Not reported |
84 | Schima wallichii Choisy (HAMP20083) | Theaceae | Khiang | T | Br/ St | Paste | Insect bite (9), wound (5) | 14 | 0.07 | Phenylpropanolamine; rotenone; glycidol; 2, 3-benzofurandione [188] | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-pyretic [189, 190] |
85 | Senecio scandens Buch- Ham. ex D. Don (HAMP20015) | Asteraceae | Sai-ek-hlo | H, Cr | Lf | Decoction, paste | Ulcer (17), diabetes (13), Hypertension (8), toothache (3), wound (2) | 43 | 0.215 | Quercetin; kaempferol; luteolin; rutin; phytol, palmitic acid; β-Amyrin; β-Sitosterol [191] | Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, mutagenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-tumour, anti-leptospirosis, antioxidant [191] |
86 | Smilax glabra Roxb. (HAMP20081) | Smilacaceae | Kai-tluang | H, Cr | Lf | Paste | Arthritis (20) | 20 | 0.1 | Palmitic acid; β-sitosterol; quercetin; apigenin; 3-methoxygallic acid; lignoceric acid [192] | Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral [192] |
87 | Smilax perfoliata Lour. (HAMP20080) | Smilacaceae | Kai-ha | Sh, Cr | Lf | Decoction | Dysentry (6) | (6) | 0.03 | Rutin,1; 6-O-diferuloyl-(3-O-p-coumaroyl)-b-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 1)-2-O-acetyl-a-D-glucopyranoside; cassiamin A & B; narcissin [193] | Antioxidant, antimicrobial [194] |
88 | Solanum americanum Mill. (HAMP20085) | Solanaceae | Anhling | Sh | Lf | Decoction | Nephrolithiasis (15), urinary retention (6), Kidney disease (11) | 32 | 0.16 | Pinoresinol; tetracosanoic acid; syringaresinol; β-sitosterol; scopoletin; medioresinol [195] | Antimicrobial, hepatoprotectivity, anti-inflammatory, anti-seizure, antioxidant, antipyretic, antitumour [196, 197] |
89 | Solanum violaceum Ortega (HAMP20086) | Solanaceae | Tawkte | Sh | Fr | Decoction, paste | Hypertension (20), diabetes (6), burn (4), boil (1), herpes (2) | 33 | 0.165 | 7-oxositosterol; yamogenin; 7-oxostigmasteroldiosgenin [198] | Antioxidant, antiobesity. anthelminthic, cytotoxity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive, antipyretic [199, 200] |
90 | Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz (HAMP20004 | Anacardiaceae | Tawi-taw | T | Br | Decoction | Diarrhoea (3) | 3 | 0.015 | Ellagitannins, galloylgeranin, lignoseric acid, β -carotein, oleanic acid [201] | Antimicrobial, cytoxicity, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anthelmintic, thrombolytic activity, antidiarrhoeal [201] |
91 | Tectona grandis L.f. (HAMP20089) | Verbenaceae | Teak | T | Br, Lf | Paste | Wound bleeding (2) | 2 | 0.01 | Gallic acid; β-sitosterol; betulinic acid; tectoquinone; squalene; lauric acid [202] | Antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antiulcer, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, cytotoxic activity [202, 203] |
92 | Zea mays L. (HAMP20070) | Poaceae | Vaimim | H | Lf | Decoction | Kidney disease (15) | 15 | 0.075 | Eugenol; cis-α-terpineol; citronellol; 6,11-oxidoacor-4-ene [204] | |
93 | Zingiber officinale Roscoe (HAMP20093) | Zingiberaceae | Sawhthing | H | Rh | Raw, decoction | Cold / cough (12), digestion (18) | 30 | 0.15 | Zingiberene; gingerols; farnesene; curcumene; zingerone; vitamins [207] | Appetiser, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, analgesic, anticancer antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritis, etc. [208] |