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Table 2 List of TCAM used against COVID-19 mentioned by the Congolese community in Belgium

From: ‘A disease like any other’ traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use and perspectives in the context of COVID-19 among the Congolese community in Belgium

No.

Plant family

Scientific name

Recorded vernacular name

Origin and geographic distribution

Frequency of quotation

Mode of preparation

Used in Belgium?

Curative/preventive/ against symptoms

Link with malaria?

Use documented in Congolese pharmacopoeia(s)

Voucher collection reference number Annex 1

1

Alliaceae

Allium cepa L

Oignon

Gl dst

X

Di

Yes

Preventive

No

[23, 24]

Vc1

2

 

Allium sativum L

Ail

Gl dst

X

Di

Yes

Preventive

No

[23, 24]

Vc2

3

 

Allium schoenoprasum L

Ciboulette/Bieslook

Am, As, Eu

X

Di

Yes

Preventive

No

Not documented, new use

Vc3

4

Apocynaceae

Picralima nitida (Stapf) T.Durand & H.Durand

Bonobo

Af (DRC)

X

Di

Yes

Curative

Yes

[30, 31]

Vc4

5

Asteraceae

Artemisia annua L

Artemisia (fr.)

Eu, As

XXXX

Dc

Yes

Curative/preventive

Yes

[23, 30]

Vc5

6

Lamiaceae

Ocimum gratissimum L

Lumba lumba

Af, As

X

Di, Dc

Yes

Curative/ against symptoms

No

[24, 30, 31]

Vc6

7

 

Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd

Mutuzo

Af (DRC)

X

Di

No

Curative

Yes

[30, 32]

N.A

8

Moringaceae

Moringa oleifera Lam

Moringa

As, Pantr dst

X

Di, Dc

Yes

Preventive

No

[33, 34]

Vc7

9

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus spp.

Eucalyptus

Au, Pantr dst

X

Sb

Yes

Curative/against symptoms

No

[30]

Vc8

10

 

Psidium guajava L

Feuilles de goyave

Am, Pantr dst

X

Sb

No

Curative

Yes

[30, 32]

N.A

11

Rubiaceae

Morinda morindoides (Baker) Milne-Redh

Kongo bololo

Af (DRC)

X

Dc

Yes

Curative

Yes

[30, 31]

Vc9

12

Rutaceae

Citrus spp.

Citron

Pantr dst

XXX

Di, Dc

Yes

Curative/preventive

No

[23, 30,31,32]

Vc10

13

Zingiberaceae

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Gember/gingembre/tangawisi

As, Pantr dst

XXX

Di, Dc

Yes

Preventive/ against symptoms

No

[23, 24]

Vc11

14

N.A

N.A

Confo® (essential oils)

N.A

XX

Sb

Yes

Curative/preventive/against symptoms

No

N.A

Vc12

15

N.A

N.A

Vicks®

N.A

X

Sb

Yes

Curative/preventive

No

N.A

Vc13

  1. Origin and geographic distribution: Gl dst.: Global distribution; Eu: Europe; As: Asia; Au: Australia; Af: Africa; Am: America; Pantr dst: Pantropic distribution; X = use quoted by less than 15% of the informants; XX = use quoted by more than 15% and less than 30% of the informants; XXX: use quoted by more than 30% and less than 45% of the informants; XXXX: use quoted by more than 45% of the informants. Mode of preparation: Dc: decoction; Di: direct ingestion; Sb: steam bath
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Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

ISSN: 1746-4269

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