Table 2 Inventory of forage plants in the study area
Local name | Species | Family | Used part | Method of use | Main livestock | Feeding season | Toxicity | Nutritional value | Other uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bing Cao | Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. | Poaceae | Above-ground | Used for grazing, can be directly used fresh after cutting, or dried for winter reserve feed | Horses, cattle, sheep, donkeys, mules (ruminant animals) | Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter | Non-toxic | High | Making grass ropes |
Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev | |||||||||
Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev | |||||||||
Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev | |||||||||
Psammochloa villosa (Trin.) Bor | |||||||||
Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl. | — | ||||||||
Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth | |||||||||
Chloris virgata Sw. | |||||||||
Suo Cao | Aristida adscensionis L. | Above-ground | |||||||
Aegilops triuncialis L. | |||||||||
Stipa caucasica subsp. glareosa (P. A. Smirn.) Tzvelev | |||||||||
Stipa grandis P. A. Smirn. | |||||||||
Stipa purpurea Griseb. | |||||||||
Stipa sareptana A.K.Becker | |||||||||
Stipa tianschanica Roshev. | |||||||||
Gu You Zi | Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. | Whole Plant | Remove mud and sand from roots after harvesting | Toy making | |||||
Xi Ji | Neotrinia splendens (Trin.) M. Nobis, P. D. Gudkova & A. Nowak | Tender Leaves/Stems | Grazing | Summer, Autumn | Medium | Making brooms | |||
Achnatherum caragana (Trin.) Nevski | Peeling Stalks for Making Tools | Summer, Autumn | |||||||
Zu Ma Zhuang | Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng | Stems | Tool making | — | Autumn, Winter | Toxic | — | Making brooms/baskets/backpacks | |
Lang Wei Ba Cao | Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. | Above-ground | Grazed as forage, harvested and used fresh, or air-dried for winter reserve feed | Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Donkeys, Mules | Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter | Non-toxic | High | — | |
Xiao Bing Cao | Eremopyrum orientale (L.) Jaub. & Spach | ||||||||
Dao Sheng | Cenchrus flaccidus (Griseb.) Morrone | ||||||||
Xiao Bing Cao | Phleum pratense L. | ||||||||
Lu Wei | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. | Weaving Grass Screens | |||||||
Yan Mai | Avena sativa L. | Whole Plant | Feeding mature plants to horses, cattle, sheep, donkeys, mules/Feeding young plants to pigs | Summer, Autumn | — | ||||
Ma Ku Cai | Lactuca tatarica (L.) C. A. Mey. | Asteraceae | Above-ground | Direct Feeding of Fresh Grass for Horses, Cows, Sheep, Donkeys and Mules | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Mules/Pigs/Rabbits/Chickens/Ducks | Spring, Summer | Wild Vegetables/Medicinal Plants | ||
Hua Ku Cai | Ixeris polycephala Cass. | ||||||||
Tian She Cai | Sonchus wightianus DC. | ||||||||
Leng Hao Zi | Ajania fruticulosa (Ledeb.) Poljakov | Dry Branches and Leaves | Winter Grazing | Sheep | Summer, Autumn | Low Toxicity to Bees | Low | Honey Source Plant | |
Huang Hao | Artemisia annua L. | Non-toxic | Medicinal | ||||||
Hao Cai | Artemisia frigida Willd. | Firewood | |||||||
Artemisia stechmanniana Besser | |||||||||
Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. | |||||||||
Ku Hao | Artemisia caruifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. | — | — | Cow | Autumn, Winter | — | |||
Da Ci Jia Gai | Carduus crispus L. | Above-ground | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys | Summer, Autumn, Winter | — | |||
Ci Jia Gai | Cirsium spicatum Matsum. | Medium | Medicinal | ||||||
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. | |||||||||
Ye Ju Hua | Aster altaicus Willd. | Low Toxicity to Bees | Low | Honey Source Plant | |||||
Aster indicus L. | |||||||||
Xiao Ku Cai | actuca tatarica (L.) C. A. Mey. | Above-›ground | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Chicken/Duck | Spring, Summer, Autumn, | Non-toxic | High | Medicinal | |
Crepis rigescens Diels | |||||||||
Crepidiastrum akagii (Kitag.) J.W.Zhang & N.Kilian | |||||||||
Yang Nai Zi | Takhtajaniantha mongolica (Maxim.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian | ||||||||
Scorzonera sinensis (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Nakai | |||||||||
Tragopogon capitatus S.A.Nikitin | |||||||||
Tragopogon kasachstanicus S. A. Nikitin | |||||||||
Huang Huang Cai | Taraxacum scariosum (Tausch) Kirschner & Štěpánek | Wild Vegetables/Medicinal Plants | |||||||
Taraxacum dissectum Ledeb. | |||||||||
Taraxacum mongolicum Hand. Mazz. | |||||||||
Yu Shu Ye Zi | Ulmus pumila L. | Ulmaceae | Leaves/Bark | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys | Summer, Autumn, | Non-toxic | High | Edible |
Ma Gan Zi | Cannabis sativa L. | Moraceae | branches | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Pig | Winter | Low Toxicity | Low | Medicinal |
Tie Lian Lian | Polygonum aviculare L. | Polygonaceae | Whole Plant | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys | Summer, Autumn, | Non-toxic | Medium | Medicinal |
Zhu Ya Liao | Bistorta vivipara (L.) Gray | Above-ground | Grazing | Spring, Summer, Autumn, | |||||
Dai Huang | Rheum rhabarbarum L. | Roots | 捣碎拌入饲料 | Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter | Medicinal | ||||
Ye Dai Huang | Rumex acetosa L. | Roots | |||||||
Hui Tiao | Chenopodium album L. | Amaranthaceae | — | ||||||
Ye Hui Tiao | Atriplex sibirica L. | Whole Plant | Grazing | Summer, | — | ||||
Li | Chenopodium album L. | Whole Plant | Grazing | Summer, Autumn, Winter | Wild Vegetables | ||||
Mian Peng | Corispermum hyssopifolium L. | Whole Plant | Summer, Autumn, Winter | Non-toxic | — | ||||
Tie Sao Zou | Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott | Above-ground | Grazing | Autumn, Winter | Making brooms | ||||
Ci Peng | Kali collinum (Pall.) Akhani & Roalson | Whole Plant | — | ||||||
Shui Peng | Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge | Whole Plant | Grazing | Winter | — | ||||
Fan Zhi Xian | Amaranthus retroflexus L. | Whole Plant | Grazing | Summer, Autumn, | — | ||||
Yang Liao Zi | Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. | Ranunculaceae | Above-ground | Grazing | Sheep | Summer, Autumn, Winter | Low Toxicity | Medicinal | |
Clematis fruticosa Turcz. | |||||||||
Clematis hexapetala Pall. | |||||||||
Clematis intricata Bunge | |||||||||
Clematis orientalis L. | |||||||||
Clematis nannophylla Maxim. | |||||||||
Xing Shu | Prunus armeniaca L. | Rosaceae | Leaves/Fruits | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Chicken/Duck | Summer, Autumn, | Non-toxic | Medium | Edible/Medicinal | |
Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. | Above-ground | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Pig | Summer, Autumn, | High | Edible | |||
Sibbaldianthe bifurca (L.) Kurtto & T.Erikss. | — | ||||||||
Huai Shu | Robinia pseudoacacia L. | Fabaceae | Leaves/new shoots | Grazing | Medium | Edible/Medicinal | |||
Niao Zi | Astragalus dilutus Bunge | Roots | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Pig | Autumn, Winter | High | — | ||
Astragalus galactites Pall. | |||||||||
Astragalus steinbergianus Sumnev. | Above-ground | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Pig | Summer, Autumn, | |||||
Astragalus scaberrimus Bunge | |||||||||
Ning Tiao Zi | Caragana korshinskii Kom. | New shoots | Medium | Making tools | |||||
Mao Ci | Caragana pleiophylla (Regel) Pojark. | New shoots | |||||||
Gan Cao | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. | Leaves | Medicinal | ||||||
Ji Guan Hua | Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. | Above-ground | — | ||||||
Corethrodendron multijugum (Maxim.) B.H.Choi & H.Ohashi | Above-ground | ||||||||
Xing An Hu Zhi Zi | Lespedeza davurica (Laxm.) Schindl. | Above-ground | |||||||
Tian Lan Mu Xu | Medicago lupulina L. | Whole Plant | High | ||||||
Mu Xu | Medicago sativa L. | Above-ground | Grazing | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Pig | Summer, Autumn, Winter | Low Toxicity | High | Edible | |
Ye Mu Xu | Melilotus albus Medic. | Above-ground | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys | Non-toxic | Medium | — | |||
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. | Above-ground | ||||||||
Lao Tang Miao | Erodium stephanianum Willd. | Geraniaceae | Whole Plant | Grazing | Summer, Autumn, | Edible | |||
Geranium dahuricum DC. | Whole Plant | ||||||||
Bai Ci | Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov | Nitrariaceae | New shoots | Grazing | Summer, Autumn, Winter | ||||
Luo Tuo Peng | Peganum harmala L. | Above-ground | Grazing | Autumn, Winter | Low Toxicity | Low | Medicinal | ||
Peganum multisectum (Maxim.) Bobrov | |||||||||
Sha Zao Shu | Elaeagnus angustifolia L. | Elaeagnaceae | Leaves | Grazing | Non-toxic | Medium | Edible | ||
Sha Ji | Hippophae rhamnoides L. | Leaves/New Shoots | Edible/Medicinal | ||||||
Xiao Chai Hu | Bupleurum smithii H.Wolff | Apiaceae | Above-ground | Summer, Autumn, | High | Medicinal | |||
Shao Gua | Cynanchum thesioides (Freyn) K. Schum. | Apocynaceae | Above-ground | Grazing | Edible | ||||
Ku Zi Man | Calystegia hederacea Wall. | Convolvulaceae | Whole Plant | Chicken/Duck/Pig | Medium | — | |||
Convolvulus arvensis L. | |||||||||
Sui Ku Zi Man | Convolvulus ammannii Desr. | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys | |||||||
Ma Ya Ci | Convolvulus tragacanthoides Turcz. | Above-ground | Grazing | Winter | Low | Firewood | |||
Xiang Ying | Elsholtzia densa Benth. | Lamiaceae | Whole Plant | Grazing | Autumn, Winter | Low | Medicinal | ||
E Shui Guan Guan | Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. | Grazing | Summer, Autumn, | High | — | ||||
Gou Qi | Lycium chinense Mill. | Solanaceae | Leaves/New Shoots | Grazing | Summer, Autumn, Winter | Medium | Edible/Medicinal | ||
Hei Gou Qi | Lycium ruthenicum Murray | ||||||||
Ye Xi Hong Shi | Solanum villosum Mill. | Whole Plant | Edible | ||||||
Solanum torvum Sw. | |||||||||
Che Qian Cao | Plantago asiatica L. | Plantaginaceae | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Pigs/Rabbits/Chickens/Ducks | High | Medicinal | ||||
Plantago depressa Willd. | |||||||||
Sha Shen | Adenophora ningxianica S.Ge & D.Y.Hong | Campanulaceae | Above-ground | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys | Edible/Medicinal | ||||
Sha Cong | Allium bidentatum Fisch. ex Prokh. & Ikonn.-Gal. | Amaryllidaceae | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys/Pigs/Rabbits/Chickens/Ducks | Edible | |||||
Ye Jiu Cai | Allium ramosum L. | ||||||||
Men Dong | Asparagus dauricus Fisch. ex Link | Asparagaceae | Horses/Cows/Sheep/Donkeys | Medicinal | |||||
Asparagus gobicus N.A.Ivanova ex Grubov | |||||||||
Asparagus breslerianus Schult. & Schult.f. | |||||||||
Shan Dan Dan | Lilium pumilum Redouté | Liliaceae | Edible/Medicinal |