Fig. 6

Simultaneous coexistence of different symbolic universes—Scenario 2: In Scenario 1, we highlight the difference in the perception of the causes of illnesses. For instance, in the LMS, vomiting can be attributed to spiritual issues or the evil eye, while in the biomedical system, the cause may be linked to the consumption of spoiled food. In Scenario 2, we demonstrate the coexistence of these two symbolic universes, allowing an individual to understand that the same illness may have different causes. This leads to seeking the LMS for spiritual causes and the biomedical system for physical causes of the disease, aiming to achieve holistic healing