Fig. 8

Segregation—Scenario 2: This specific subprocess is only observed on a group scale. In this case, other subprocesses can occur at the individual level and can be organized based on spatial groups, gender, age, among others. In Scenario 1, we present the original concept by Ladio and Albuquerque (2014), who focus primarily on spatial segregation, with groups forming in different geographical spaces. For example, rural communities tend to prioritize the LMS, while industrialized communities prioritize the biomedical system. In Scenario 2, we introduce the updates we propose, suggesting that groups can be formed based on age, gender, among other factors. For instance, there may be a tendency for the structure maintenance subprocess among females and the elderly, while a tendency for the restructuring subprocess can be observed among males and young individuals