Table 2 Useful plants (except medicinal plants) described in the book "Le Pays des Amazones" [The Lands of the Amazons] (1885) by Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery (1848–1901)
Botanical family and speciesa | Brazilian vernacular name | Page book | Part | Origin | Traditional use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anacardiaceae | |||||
Anacardium occidentale L. | caju, cajueiro | 98,104, 106,223 | Fruit and nut, resin | Native | Food, preparation of a beverage similar to wine |
Spondias dulcis Parkinson | cajazeiro, cajá, pomo-de-citera | 87 | Fruit, wood | Exotic | Carpentry |
Annonaceae | |||||
Annona sp. (= Rollinia sp.) | beribá | 107 | Sap | Native | Balm |
Xylopia sp. | embira | 100 | Fiber, seed | Native | Textile, objects (ropes and brooms) |
Apocynaceae | |||||
Aspidosperma sp. | pau-cetim | 88 | Wood | Native | Carpentry |
Couma utilis (Mart.) Müll.Arg. (= Collophora utilis Mart.) | sorva, sorveira | 98, 107, 188 | Fruit, sap | Native | Food; resin used as varnish by indigenous people |
Hancornia speciosa Gomes | mangaba | 188, 192 | Fruit | Native | Food |
Macoubea guianensis Aubl. | macacú | 100 | Unripe fruit | Native | Red blood dye that darkens when exposed to urine vapor |
Arecaceae | |||||
Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. | tucum | 102,179 | Fruit, fiber, wood, | Native | Fruit oil for lighting and industrial uses; fiber for utensils and objects (ropes and nets), wood for construction |
Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. | murumuru | 102 | Fruit, oil | Native | Food |
Astrocaryum jauari Mart. | jauari | 102 | Fruit, oil | Native | Food |
Astrocaryum tucuma Mart. | tucum, tucumá | 67,99, 166 | Fruit, fiber | Native | Ropes, hammocks and fishing nets, ornaments |
Attalea funifera Mart. | piaçaba, piaçava | 100, 180 | Bark fiber, fruit | Native | Ropes, brooms, rags, oil |
Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (= Attalea excelsa Mart.) | urucuri, iuauaçú | 190 | Fruit | Native | Latex smoking |
Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes Kunth (= Guilielma speciosa Mart.) | pupunha | 97 | Fruit, leaf | Native | Food, fibers for textile material |
Desmoncus sp. (= Desmonchus sp.) | jacitara | 156 | Stem | Native | Stems are employed in the crafting of an elastic tube known as "tipiti," which is utilized for the extraction of "tucupi," a liquid derived from cassava root |
Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés (= Elaeis melanococca Mart.) | palmeira ciaué | 102 | Seed (almond) | Native | Food, oil similar to palm oil |
Euterpe oleracea Mart. | coco de juçara | 102 | Fruit, oil | Native | Food |
Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace | not mentioned | 180 | Fiber, fruit | Native | Ropes, brooms, rags, oil |
Leopoldinia pulchra Mart. | jaraúba | 101 | Not mentioned | Native | Yellow dye |
Manicaria saccifera Gaertn. | urucuri, iuauaçú | 190 | Fruit | Native | Latex smoking |
Mauritia flexuosa L.f. | miriti | 100, 102 | Fiber, fruit | Native | Textile fiber, oil in spices |
Oenocarpus bacaba Mart. | bacaca | 102 | Fruit, oil | Native | Food, fruit in indigenous beverages, and oil as a spice |
Onenocarpus bataua Mart. | patuá | 102 | Fruit, oil | Native | Food, fruit in indigenous beverages, and oil as a spice |
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav. (= Elephantusia macrocarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. | marfim vegetal (plant ivory) | 108 | Seed | Native | Objects and ornaments |
Bignoniaceae | |||||
Handroanthus chrysanthus (Jacq.) S.O.Grose (= Tecoma chrysantha (Jacq.) DC.) | ipê, pau-d'arco | 84 | Wood | Exotic | General construction |
Bixaceae | |||||
Bixa orellana L. | urucu | 100 | Fruit | Native | Red dye |
Boraginaceae | |||||
Cordia sp. | louro negro, comum, amarelo, cheiroso, branco, vermelho | 85 | Wood | Native | General construction |
Bromeliaceae | |||||
Ananas comosus var. comosus (L.) Merr. (= Bromelia ananas L.) | ananás, abacaxi | 98, 100, 165, | Fruit, fiber | Native | Food, textile |
Ananas comosus var. bracteatus (Lindl.) Coppens & F.Leal (= Bromelia sagenaria Arruda) | curauá | 100 | Not mentioned | Nativeb | Linen, fabric, lace, violin strings |
Burseraceae | |||||
Protium glabrum (Rose) Engl. (= Icica glabra Rose) | pau-de-breu | 107 | Resin | Exotic | Not mentioned |
Protium icicariba (DC.) Marchand (= Icica icicariba DC.) | icicariba, resin elemi (french) | 107 | Oleoresin | Nativec | Not mentioned |
Calophyllaceae | |||||
Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. | guanandi, lantim, jacaré-uba | 102, 107 | Oil, balm | Native | Spice |
Campanulaceae | |||||
Siphocampylus sp.** | not mentioned | 206 | Not mentioned | Natived | Latex for rubber |
Caryocaraceae | |||||
Caryocar brasiliense A.St.-Hil. (= Caryocar brasiliensis) | piquiá, piqui | 84, 102 | Fruit, wood | Native | Food or spice, construction |
Clusiaceae | |||||
Symphonia globulifera L.f. | unani | 107 | Resin | Native | Not mentioned |
Platonia insignis Mart. | parcouri, bacuri | 83 | Wood, gum | Native | Civil and naval construction |
Convolvulaceae | |||||
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (= Convolvulus batatas L.; Batatas edulis (Thunb.) Choisy.) | batata-doce | 93, 94, 97 | Tuber | Naturalized | Food |
Dioscoreaceae | |||||
Dioscorea sp. | inhame, cará | 94, 97 | Tuber, leaf | Native | Tuber used as food and leaves for animal fodder |
Euphorbiaceae | |||||
Hevea guianensis Aubl. (= Siphonia elastica Forsyth f.) | seringueira, rubber tree | 102, 188 189, 191 | Latex, oil, gum (juice) | Native | Objects in general, oil used in soap production and press |
Hevea benthamiana Müll.Arg. (= H. discolor Spruce ex Pax)** | seringueira, rubber tree | 203 | Gum (juice) | Native | Objects in general |
Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.** | seringueira, rubber tree | 203 | Gum (juice) | Native | Objects in general |
Hevea guianensis var. lutea (Spruce ex Benth.) Ducke & R.E.Schult. (= H. lutea (Spruce ex Benth.) Müll.Arg.; H. apiculata Spruce ex Baill.)** | seringueira, rubber tree | 203 | Gum (juice) | Native | Objects in general |
Hevea pauciflora (Spruce ex Benth.) Müll.Arg.** | seringueira, rubber tree | 203 | Gum (juice) | Native | Objects in general |
Hevea pauciflora var. pauciflora (= H. membranacea Müll.Arg.)** | seringueira, rubber tree | 203 | Gum (juice) | Native | Objects in general |
Hevea rigidifolia (Spruce ex Benth.) Müll.Arg.** | seringueira, rubber tree | 203 | Gum (juice) | Native | Objects in general |
Hevea spruceana (Benth.) Müll.Arg.** | seringueira, rubber tree | 203 | Gum (juice) | Native | Objects in general |
Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem. (= Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem.)** | maniçoba | 203 | Not mentioned | Native | Rubber |
Manihot esculenta Crantz. (= Manihot aypi Spruce.; Manihot utilissima Pohl.) | mandioca-doce, macaxeira, mandioca-amarga, mbai-ybai | 93,94,95,96 | Root | Native | A mixture of wheat flour with cassava flour results a bread inferior to bread made solely with wheat flour, alcohol production, tapioca, mussacha, and tucupi |
Fabaceae | |||||
Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes (= Pithecellobium auaremotemo Mart.) | barbatimão | 101 | Bark | Nativee | Astringent used in dyeing |
Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. (= Mimosa acacioides Benth.)** | paricá | 277 | Not mentioned | Native | Like tobacco in puberty ritual |
Andira sp. | andira-uixi | 86 | Wood | Native | Carpentry and fine furniture |
Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth | sucupiraçu, sucupira pérola | 83 | Wood, Bark | Native | Ship keels |
Centrolobium sp. | muiraguatiara | 87 | Not mentioned | Native | Carpentry and fine furniture |
Centrolobium paraense Tul.** | muirapinina, pau-tartaruga, pau-letras | 87 | Not mentioned | Native | Carpentry and fine furniture |
Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth. | jacarandá-cabiúna | 87 | Wood | Native | Furniture and objects |
Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Forsyth f. | cumaru, favas-tonca | 98, 105,180 | Seed, coumarin, oil | Native | Perfumery; spices, seeds used to perfume tobacco |
Geoffroea spinosa Jacq. (= Geoffroya superba Humb. & Bonpl.) | umari | 88 | Wood | Native | Not mentioned |
Haematoxylum campechianum L. | pau-campeche | 101 | Not mentioned | Cultivated | Dye |
Hymenaea courbaril L. | jatobá | 107 | Resin | Native | Indigenous people produce ornaments |
Inga affinis DC. or Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. (= Inga dulcis) | ingá | 98 | Fruit | Native | Food |
Inga sp. | ingarana | 87 | Wood | Native | Carpentry and fine furniture |
Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis (= Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) | pau-brasil | 101 | Not mentioned | Native | Dye |
Peltogyne sp. (= Peltogyne macrocarpus; P. macrolobium**)* | guarabu, pau-roxo | 85 | Wood | Native | General construction |
Peltogyne venosa (Vahl) Benth. | pau-roxo do Amazonas | 88 | Wood | Native | Carpentry and fine furniture |
Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze. (= Pentaclethra filamentosa Benth.) | pau-mulato | 88 | Wood | Native | Carpentry and fine furniture |
Swartzia panacoco var. panacoco (Aubl.) R.S.Cowan (= Swartzia tomentosa (Willd.) DC.) | pau-ferro | 84 | Wood | Native | General construction |
Vouacapoua americana Aubl. (= Andira aubletii Benth.) | acapú | 86 | Wood | Native | General construction |
Humiriaceae | |||||
Humiria balsamifera var. floribunda (Mart.) Cuatrec. (= Humiria floribunda Mart.) | umiri, nieri das colônias | 86, 102, 108 | Wood, fruit, oil | Native | General construction, food, substitute for peru balsam |
Hypericaceae | |||||
Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. | pau-de-lacre, pau-de-sangue | 106 | Resin | Native | Juices with a strong odor and bitter taste |
Lauraceae | |||||
Cinnamomum sp. | canela | 98 | Not mentioned | Exotic | Spice |
Dicypellium sp. Nees & Mart. | pau-rosa | 88 | Wood | Native | Not mentioned |
Licaria guianensis Aubl. | cravo | 98 | Not mentioned | Native | Spice |
Mespilodaphne quixos (Lam.) Rohwer (= Mespilodaphne pretiosa) | pau-precioso | 88 | Wood, bark, seed | Exotic | Pharmacy and perfumery |
Mezilaurus ita-uba (Meisn.) Taub. ex Mez (= Acrodiclidium ita-uba Meisn.) | itaúba, pau pedra | 85 | Wood | Native | Not mentioned |
Lecythidaceae | |||||
Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. | castanha-do-pará, castanheira comum, castanheiro do brasil | 24, 103, 183, 184 | Fruit, wood, nut, oil | Native | Common and naval construction; hard shell for tow; nut and oil for food |
Loganiaceae | |||||
Strychnos toxifera R.H.Schomb. ex Lindl. | urari | 104 | Not mentioned | Native | Indigenous people use it to prepare curare and apply it to arrows for fishing |
Malvaceae | |||||
Sterculia pruriens (Aubl.) K.Schum. (= Sterculia ivira Sw.) | tururi | 100 | Not mentioned | Native | Fibers for export, ropes |
Theobroma bicolor Bonpl. | cacaueiro | 90 | Not mentioned | Native | Food |
Theobroma cacao L. | cacaueiro | 103 | Seed butter | Native | Perfumery |
Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. | cacaueiro | 90 | Not mentioned | Native | Food |
Theobroma sylvestre (Aubl. ex Mart.) | cacaueiro | 90 | Not mentioned | Native | Food |
Urena lobata L. | uaicina | 100 | Not mentioned | Native | Fibers for export, ropes |
Marantaceae | |||||
Ischnosiphon arouma (Aubl.) Körn.(= Maranta arouma Aubl.) | guarumá | 156 | Stem | Native | Stems are employed in the crafting of an elastic tube known as "tipiti," which is utilized for the extraction of "tucupi," a liquid derived from cassava root |
Maranta arundinacea L. | araruta | 93, 97 | Root | Cultivated | Food |
Meliaceae | |||||
Carapa procera DC. (= Carapa guyanensis Oliv.) | andiroba, óleo de carapa | 104, 105 | Oil | Cultivated | Lighting, soap production |
Cedrela sp. | cedro-batata | 85 | Bark, wood | Native | Construction |
Cedrela odorata L. (= Cedrela guianensis A.Juss.) | cedro-branco, acaju-amargo, acaju-fêmea | 84, 105 | Wood | Native | Civil and naval construction |
Moraceae | |||||
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (= Artocarpus incisus (Thunb.) L.f.) | fruta-pão | 93 | Fruit | Naturalized | Not mentioned |
Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex G.Don | tatajuba-de-tinta | 101 | Not mentioned | Native | Yellow dye |
Musaceae | |||||
Musa x paradisiaca L. (= Musa x sapientum L.) | bananeira, banana | 93 | Fruit | Cultivated | Food |
Myristicaceae | |||||
Virola bicuhyba (Schott) Warb. (= Myristica bicuhyba Schott.) | bicuíba | 102, 103 | Oil | Native | Lighting |
Orchidaceae | |||||
Vanilla planifolia Andrews (= Vanilla sativa Schiede.) | baunilha | 98 | Not mentioned | Native | Spice |
Rhizophoraceae | |||||
Rhizophora mangle L. | mangue vermelho | 101 | Bark | Native | Tanning |
Rubiaceae | |||||
Genipa americana L. (= Genipa brasiliensis (Sprend.) Baill) | jenipapo | 87 | Wood, fruit | Native | Furniture, food |
Rutaceae | |||||
Galipea sp. | guariúba | 86 | Wood | Native | Not mentioned |
Sapindaceae | |||||
Magonia sp. (= Phaeocarpus sp.) | tingui | 171 | Bark, leaf, fruit | Native | Narcotic in fishing |
Paullinia cupana Kunth (= Paullinia sorbilis Mart.) | guaraná | 92, 180 | Seed (grains) | Native | Food |
Paullinia pinnata L. (= Paullinia grandiflora Cambess.) | cruapé-vermelho, turari | 171 | Not mentioned | Native | Narcotic in fishing |
Serjania ferruginea (Lindl.) Mabb. (= Serjania cuspidata Cambess.) | timbó | 171 | Oil, juice | Nativef | Narcotic in fishing, narcotic |
Sapotaceae | |||||
Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A. Chev. subsp. bidentata (Mimusops balata (Aubl.) C.F.Gaertn.) | maçaranduba, muirapiranga, | 84,88, 192,101 | Wood, sap, bark | Native | Wood for railroad ties, ship wedges; gutta-percha as a substitute for cow's milk; tannins and dyes extracted from barks |
Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. (= Lucuma lasiocarpa (Mart.) A.DC.) | abiurana | 85 | Wood, fruit | Native | General construction, food |
Solanaceae | |||||
Capsicum annuum L. (= Capsicum frutescens L.) | pimenta-de-caiena | 98 | Not mentioned | Cultivated | Spice |
Styracaceae | |||||
Styrax benzoin var. benzoin Dryand. (= Benzoin officinale Hayne.) | benjoim | 107 | Balm | Exotic | Not mentioned |
Zingiberaceae | |||||
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. (= Amomum grana-paradisi L.) | malagueta | 98 | Not mentioned | Exotic | Spice |
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (= Amomum zinziba Hill) | gengibre | 98 | Rhizome | Cultivated | Spice, beverage (ginger beer) |