Local knowledge of homegarden plants in Miao ethnic communities in Laershan region, Xiangxi area, China

Luo, Jin; Li, Qiang; He, Jianwu; Yan, Jin; Zhang, Shujie; Chang, Xuepei; Wu, Tao

doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00676-x

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 3 List of homegarden plants in the study area (in alphabetical order)

From: Local knowledge of homegarden plants in Miao ethnic communities in Laershan region, Xiangxi area, China

Voucher codes	Scientific name	UV	RI	Location	Local name	Life form	Family name	Usage	Use part	Use method	Cultivation
LaerHP312	Acer palmatum Thunb	0.57	0.65	HK, LES	dou hong feng	Tree	Sapindaceae	Trade, ornamental	Whole plant	Trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP327	Achyranthes bidentata Blume	0.26	0.85	HK	guo rei bei guo zhou	Herb	Amaranthaceae	Edible, medicine, forage	Root, whole plant	Root: crush and apply to bruises to relieve pain; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock	No
LaerHP335	Acorus calamus L	0.35	0.65	HK	la zhou cou	Herb	Acoraceae	Medicine, ornamental	Root, stem	Root, stem: the plant is traditional Chinese medicine, when mashed root and stem and applied to the wound for anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP371	Actinidia chinensis Planch	1.00	0.65	LL	ha bi en	Liana	Actinidiaceae	Edible, trade	Fruit	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP355	Agastache rugosa Kuntze	0.61	1.10	HK, LL, LES	rei huo xiang	Herb	Lamiaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Whole plant	Boiling with water to drink can stop vomiting and inflate the stomach and intestines; trade it at the bazaar	No
LaerHP342	Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms	0.39	0.78	HK	dou ming	Tree	Cornaceae	Trade, ornamental	Bark, stem	Bark: weaving ropes; stem: making furniture and ceilings; then trade these at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP421	Alcea rosea L	0.22	0.33	LL	rei ben qin	Herb	Malvaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP429	Allium cepa L	0.91	0.65	LES	bie yang cong	Herb	Amaryllidaceae	Edible, trade	Bulb, leaf	Bulb, leaf: stir-fry and eat; trade bulb and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP334	Allium chinense G.Don	0.43	0.78	HK, LL, LES	guang jiao dou	Herb	Amaryllidaceae	Edible, trade	Stem tuber	As pickle or stir-fry and eat; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP415	Allium fistulosum L	1.04	0.98	HK, LL, LES	gong zhong	Herb	Amaryllidaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: add as a condiment when stir-frying; boiling leaves and drinking water to treat edema; trade stem and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP392	Allium hookeri Thwaites	0.09	0.33	HK	gong gi cai	Herb	Amaryllidaceae	Edible	Leaf	Stir-fry and eat	No
LaerHP385	Allium sativum L	1.26	0.98	HK, LL, LES	gu weng ming en	Herb	Amaryllidaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Bulb, leaf	Bulb, leaf: stir-fry and eat; the water soaked after crushing can kill insects and sterilize; trade bulb and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP326	Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng	1.04	0.65	HK, LL, LES	gong gi cai	Herb	Amaryllidaceae	Edible, trade	Tender leaf, stem	Tender leaf, stem: stir-fry and eat; trade tender leaf and stem at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP404	Amaranthus tricolor L	0.70	0.33	LL	rei gan tong	Herb	Amaranthaceae	Edible	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat	No
LaerHP341	Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm	0.09	0.33	HK	rei ben	Herb	Apiaceae	Medicine	Root	It’s traditional Chinese medicine, boiling with water to drink can stop coughing	No
LaerHP317	Apium graveolens L	0.65	0.33	HK	rei qin cai	Herb	Apiaceae	Edible	Leaf	Stir-fry and eat	Yes
LaerHP333	Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem	0.26	0.98	LES	dou duo	Tree	Araliaceae	Trade, medicine, ornamental	Bark	Trade it at the bazaar; bark: its traditional Chinese medicine, boiling with water to drink can cure constipation; ornamental	No
LaerHP365	Artemisia argyi H.Lev. & Vaniot	1.22	1.75	HK, LL, LES	hou cai	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage, ornamental	Tender shoot, whole plant	Tender shoot: stir-fry and eat; whole plant: making moxa sticks for moxibustion, using them as insecticides or fumigation for room disinfection, insecticides,then trade these at the bazaar; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock; ornamental	No
LaerHP350	Artemisia indica Willd	0.78	1.30	HK, LL, LES	rei shei guo ao	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Tender shoot, whole plant	Tender shoot: stir-fry and eat; whole plant: making moxa sticks for moxibustion, using them as insecticides or fumigation for room disinfection, insecticides,then feed directly to poultry and livestock	No
LaerHP311	Artemisia selengensis Turcz. ex Besser	0.17	1.15	HK, LES	rei shu ao	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible, medicine	Stem, leaf, whole plant	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat or as pickled; whole plant: it's a traditional medicine, boiling with water to drink, it has hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, cough relieving, and phlegm resolving effects	No
LaerHP332	Astragalus sinicus L	0.83	1.30	HK	rei cao zi	Herb	Fabaceae	Edible, trade, forage, ornamental	Tender leaf, whole plant	Tender leaf: stir-fry and eat; trade tender leaf at the bazaar; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock; ornamental	No
LaerHP370	Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott	0.57	0.98	HK	rei ou zhuo	Herb	Amaranthaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Tender stem	Stir-fry and eat; trade it at the bazaar; ornamentalW	No
LaerHP440	Benincasa hispida Cogn	1.17	0.98	HK, LL, LES	duo jie	Herb	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Fruit, seed	Fruit, seed: stir-fry and eat, and these have anti-inflammatory and swelling reducing effects; trade fruit and seed at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP460	Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid	0.22	0.33	LES	ma xiu dou duo	Shrub	Berberidaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP450	Beta vulgaris L	0.91	0.65	LL, LES	rei dian cai	Herb	Amaranthaceae	Edible, trade	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat; trade stem and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP458	Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O.Deg	0.09	0.33	LES	dou duo chui	Liana	Fabaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP420	Brassica napus L	0.52	0.65	HK, LL, LES	rei you cai	Herb	Brassicaceae	Edible, trade	Seed	Extract oil to eat; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP414	Brassica oleracea L	0.61	0.65	LL, LES	rei bao xin	Herb	Brassicaceae	Edible, trade	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat; trade stem and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP331	Brassica rapa L	1.35	0.98	HK, LL, LES	rei bei cai	Herb	Brassicaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Leaf, whole plant	Leaf: stir-fry and eat; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock; trade whole plant at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP391	Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent	0.43	0.98	HK, LL, LES	dou gou	Tree	Moraceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Staminate flower	Stir-fry and eat; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP412	Buxus sinica (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) M.Cheng	0.52	0.65	LL, LES	huang yang	Shrub	Buxaceae	Trade, ornamental	Whole plant	Trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP309	Camellia japonica L	0.70	0.90	HK, LES	dou gi	Shrub	Theaceae	Edible, ornamental	Seed, flowers	Flowers: eat directly or stir-fry and eat; seed: pressed for oil; ornamental	No
LaerHP428	Camellia oleifera C.Abel	0.83	0.98	LES	dou bi gi	Shrub	Theaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Pressed for oil; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP349	Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik	0.39	0.33	HK	rei mia ka	Herb	Brassicaceae	Edible	Whole plant	Stir-fry and eat	No
LaerHP377	Capsicum baccatum L	1.09	0.78	HK, LL, LES	ha jiu	Herb	Solanaceae	Edible, trade	Fruit	Stir-fry and eat, add as a condiment when stir-frying; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP399	Castanea mollissima Blume	0.96	0.65	HK, LL, LES	bi ruo	Tree	Fagaceae	Edible, trade	Fruit	Eating directly; trade it at the bazaar	No
LaerHP457	Chenopodium album L	0.17	0.65	HK	li	Herb	Amaranthaceae	Edible, forage	Whole plant, stem, leaf	Whole plant: stir-fry and eat; stem, leaf: feed directly to poultry and livestock	No
LaerHP403	Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat	1.13	1.10	LL	rei ben	Herb	Asteraceae	Trade, medicine, ornamental	Flowers	Trade it at the bazaar; making tea to drink, it can clear heat and detoxifying; ornamental	No
LaerHP330	Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl	0.70	0.98	HK, LL	dou zhang	Tree	Lauraceae	Trade, medicine, ornamental	Branch	Trade it at the bazaar; keep it in the closet, its own odor can repel insects; ornamental	No
LaerHP356	Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl	1.00	1.30	LL, LES	dong gui pi	Tree	Lauraceae	Edible, trade, medicine, ornamental	Bark, stem	Bark, stem: add as a condiment when stir-frying, these have the effect of curing indigestion; trade bark and stem at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP340	Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium Wimm. & Grab	0.09	0.33	HK	rei ci er	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible	Whole plant	Stir-fry and eat	No
LaerHP384	Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai	1.04	0.65	LES	xi gua	Herb	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP456	Coriandrum sativum L	0.96	0.78	HK, LL, LES	rei yan xu	Herb	Apiaceae	Edible, trade	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat, as spices when stir-frying; trade stem and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP439	Cornus controversa Hemsl	0.30	0.33	LL	dou dai deng	Tree	Cornaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP449	Cornus wilsoniana Wangerin	0.35	0.98	HK	dou rou	Tree	Cornaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Pressed for oil to eat; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP398	Corydalis racemosa (Thunb.) Pers	0.09	0.45	HK	rei ben ga chou	Herb	Papaveraceae	Medicine	Whole plant	Apply external application after crushing to treat snake injuries	No
LaerHP338	Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D.Don	0.48	0.33	LL	dou gei shei	Tree	Cupressaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP402	Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk	0.91	0.98	HK	rei nuo mou	Herb	Apiaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Stem, leaf, whole plant	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat; whole plant: apply external application after crushing to treat snake injuries; trade whole plant at the bazaar	No
LaerHP366	Cucumis melo L	1.17	0.98	HK, LL, LES	duo ding en	Herb	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Fruit, whole plant	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening; trade fruit at the bazaar; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock	Yes
LaerHP427	Cucumis sativus L	1.26	1.18	HK, LL, LES	gua	Herb	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Fruit, stem	Fruit: stir-fry and eat; stem: stir-fry and eat, it has anti-inflammatory effects; trade fruit at the bazaar; fruit, stem: feed directly to poultry and livestock	Yes
LaerHP318	Cucurbita moschata Duchesne	1.17	1.10	LL, LES	do gun	Herb	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Fruit, whole plant	Fruit: stir-fry and ea; trade fruit at the bazaar t; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock	Yes
LaerHP419	Cucurbita pepo L	1.09	0.98	HK	dou bi hao	Herb	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Stir-fry and eat; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP325	Daucus carota L	1.09	0.65	HK, LL, LES	lo bo shei	Herb	Apiaceae	Edible, trade	Root	Stir-fry and eat; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP310	Dioscorea polystachya Turcz	1.04	0.85	HK, LL, LES	bi shan yo	Liana	Dioscoreaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Stem tuber, root	Stem tuber, root: stir-fry and eat; trade stem tuber and root at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP329	Diospyros cathayensis Steward	0.70	0.98	HK	duo ga ni	Tree	Ebenaceae	Edible, medicine, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening, able to relieve heart pain; ornamental	No
LaerHP397	Diospyros japonica Siebold & Zucc	0.48	0.98	HK	dou man	Tree	Ebenaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP386	Diospyros kaki L.f	1.09	0.98	LES	dou man	Tree	Ebenaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP358	Elaeagnus pungens Thunb	0.83	1.68	HK, LES	bi gao nia	Shrub	Elaeagnaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, ornamental	Fruit, seed	Fruit: it can be eaten raw, brewed, and boiled with water; seed: eating directly can stop diarrhea; trade fruit and seed at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP359	Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl	1.35	0.98	HK, LL, LES	bi ba	Tree	Rosaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Fruit, leaf	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening; trade fruit at the bazaar; leaf: eat it will dissolve phlegm and relieve cough	No
LaerHP448	Eucommia ulmoides Oliv	0.61	0.90	HK, LL, LES	dou zhong	Tree	Eucommiaceae	Medicine, ornamental	Leaf	Drinking with water can make lower blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood sugar; ornamental	No
LaerHP438	Fagopyrum acutatum Mansf. ex K.Hammer	0.65	1.10	HK	rei jiao mai	Herb	Polygonaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Root tuber	Stir-fry and eat, it can clear heat and detoxify, expelpus and remove blood stasis; trade it at the bazaar	No
LaerHP422	Ficus carica L	0.61	0.65	LL	dou ji die bi	Shrub	Moraceae	Edible, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; ornamental	No
LaerHP316	Foeniculum vulgare Mill	0.91	1.10	LES	rei hui xiang	Herb	Apiaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Tender leaf, fruit	Tender leaf: stir-fry and eat; fruit: add as a condiment when stir-frying; trade fruit at the bazaar	No
LaerHP413	Galium spurium L	0.13	0.33	HK	rei sheng xian	Herb	Rubiaceae	Forage	Whole plant	Feed directly to poultry and livestock	No
LaerHP324	Ginkgo biloba L	1.22	1.30	LES	dou yin xin	Tree	Ginkgoaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, ornamental	Fruit	Stir-fry and eat as vegetables, it can relieves cough; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP372	Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach	0.78	0.65	HK, LL, LES	rei dong hao	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible, trade	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat; trade stem and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP390	Glycine max (L.) Merr	1.13	1.23	HK, LL, LES	dei	Herb	Fabaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Seed, stem, leaf	Seed: it is used as a cooking raw material, pressed for oil, and used for consumption; trade seed at the bazaar; stem, leaf: feed directly to poultry and livestock; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP383	Hemerocallis citrina Baroni	0.57	0.98	LL	rei ben	Herb	Asphodelaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Flowers	Stir-fry and eat; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP378	Hibiscus syriacus L	0.52	0.33	HK, LL	dou ben	Shrub	Malvaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	Yes
LaerHP357	Houttuynia cordata Thunb	1.26	1.30	HK, LL, LES	nie rei shu zhou	Herb	Saururaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Tender rootstem	Stir-fry and eat, it also has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying; trade it at the bazaar; feed directly to poultry and livestock	No
LaerHP314	Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser	0.48	0.33	HK, LL	ben xian hua	Shrub	Hydrangeaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP315	Ipomoea aquatica Forssk	1.04	0.65	LES	rei kong xin cai	Herb	Convolvulaceae	Edible, trade	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat; trade stem and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP367	Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam	1.35	0.98	HK, LL, LES	shuo	Herb	Convolvulaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Root tuber, tender leaf	Root tuber: eating directly; trade root tuber at the bazaar; tender leaf: feed directly to poultry and livestock	Yes
LaerHP328	Juglans regia L	1.13	0.65	HK, LL, LES	bi hei dao	Tree	Juglandaceae	Edible, trade	Fruit	Eating directly; trade it at the bazaar	No
LaerHP364	Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz	0.26	0.33	LES	dou duo	Tree	Araliaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP393	Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet	1.00	0.98	HK, LL, LES	ga nong	Liana	Fabaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Fresh pods, whole plant	Fresh pods: stir-fry and eat; trade fresh pods at the bazaar; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock	Yes
LaerHP313	Lactuca indica L	0.26	0.65	HK	rei miao you	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible, forage	Stem, leaf, whole plant	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock	No
LaerHP396	Lactuca sativa L	0.91	0.98	HK, LL, LES	rei wo sun	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible, trade, forage	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat, feed directly to poultry and livestock; trade stem and leaf at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP433	Lactuca serriola L	0.70	0.65	LL	rei wo sun	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible, trade	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat; trade stem and leaf at the bazaar	No
LaerHP430	Lamium amplexicaule L	0.35	0.45	HK	rei jie song	Herb	Lamiaceae	Medicine	Whole plant	Crushed and apply to the skin to treat external injuries, falls, injuries, redness, and swelling	No
LaerHP441	Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton	0.61	0.65	LL	du bei la	Tree	Oleaceae	Medicine, ornamental	Leaf	It is a medicinal herb with antipyretic and analgesic effects; ornamental	No
LaerHP451	Lilium brownii F.E.Br. ex Miellez	0.74	1.30	HK	ga chou jio ba lie	Herb	Liliaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, ornamental	Bulb	Stir-fry and eat, it has the effect of clearing heat and reducing swelling; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP416	Lilium speciosum Thunb	0.09	0.65	HK	rei ben qin	Herb	Liliaceae	Edible, ornamental	Bulb	Bulb: stir-fry and eat; ornamental	No
LaerHP423	Lindera reflexa Hemsl	0.57	1.55	LES	dou gang	Shrub	Lauraceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Fruit, root, whole plant	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening; root: smashing and applying can stop bleeding, reduce swelling, and relieve pain; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock; trade whole plant at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP360	Liquidambar formosana Hance	0.61	0.65	LL, LES	dou min	Tree	Altingiaceae	Trade, ornamental	Whole plant	Trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP319	Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim	0.35	0.65	HK	dou bi qin	Shrub	Caprifoliaceae	Medicine, ornamental	Whole plant	It’s traditional Chinese medicine, boiling water and drinking it can dispel rheumatism; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP351	Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh	0.48	0.65	LES	ma xiong dong	Shrub	Hamamelidaceae	Trade, ornamental	Whole plant	Trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP400	Luffa aegyptiaca Mill	1.26	1.18	HK, LL, LES	duo nen	Liana	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Fruit, leaf	Fruit, leaf: stir-fry and eat, it can clears away heat; trade fruit and leaf at the bazaar; feed directly to poultry and livestock	Yes
LaerHP418	Malva verticillata L	0.39	0.33	HK	rei kang nong	Herb	Malvaceae	Edible	Whole plant	Stir-fry and eat	Yes
LaerHP426	Mentha canadensis L	0.91	2.00	HK, LL, LES	bo he	Herb	Lamiaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage, ornamental	Tender shoot, tender leaf, whole plant	Tender shoot, tender leaf: stir-fry as vegetables, add as a condiment when stir-frying, it can treat colds, fever, sore throat, and headaches; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock; trade whole plant at the bazaar; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP373	Mirabilis jalapa L	0.78	1.55	HK, LES	rei ben	Herb	Nyctaginaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, ornamental	Leaf, whole plant	Leaf: stir-fry as vegetables or charge mixture; whole plant: it’s traditional Chinese medicine, boiled with water to drink it can clear heat and dampness, promote blood circulation and regulate menstruation, detoxify and reduce swelling; trade whole plant at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP405	Momordica charantia L	1.30	0.98	HK, LL, LES	dou an	Herb	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Fruit	Stir-fry and eat, it has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP434	Morus alba L	1.35	1.30	HK	dou liao jin	Tree	Moraceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Fruit, leaf	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening; leaf: boil water and drink to cure cough, feed to silkworms or poultry livestock; trade fruit and leaf at the bazaar	No
LaerHP437	Murraya exotica L	0.26	0.33	HK, LL	chi li xiang	Tree	Rutaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	Yes
LaerHP368	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn	0.91	1.55	HK, LL	ben huo hua	Herb	Nelumbonaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, ornamental	Stem, seed, leaf	Stem, seed: stir-fry and eat or starch extraction; leaf: soak in water to relieve heat; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP431	Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn	1.22	1.30	HK, LES	an jiao mai	Herb	Solanaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Seed, root	Seed: add as a condiment when stir-frying, or feed to poultry and livestock; root: regulate the flow of qi to alleviate pain; trade seed and root at the bazaar	No
LaerHP343	Nicotiana tabacum L	0.78	0.33	HK	ye	Herb	Solanaceae	Trade	-	Trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP387	Oenanthe javanica DC	1.17	1.43	HK, LES	rei bian gu	Herb	Apiaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Stem, leaf, whole plant	Stem, leaf: stir-fry and eat; whole plant: it has the functions of clearing heat and dampness, stopping bleeding, and lowering blood pressure; trade whole plant at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP382	Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw	0.57	0.33	HK, LL	xian ren zhang	Shrub	Cactaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP352	Oreocnide frutescens (Thunb.) Miq	0.13	0.65	HK	nu mie zuo	Tree	Urticaceae	Trade, medicine	Root, stem, leaf	Root, stem, leaf: trade root, stem and leaf at the bazaar; leaf: it’s traditional Chinese medicine, mashed and apply to wounds can treating injuries	Yes
LaerHP344	Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews	0.70	0.33	LES	ben mou dan	Shrub	Paeoniaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	Yes
LaerHP339	Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch	0.48	0.65	LL	la ba yo	Liana	Vitaceae	Forage, ornamental	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf: feed directly to poultry and livestock; ornamental	No
LaerHP452	Patrinia monandra C.B.Clarke	0.17	0.65	HK	rei bai jiang	Herb	Caprifoliaceae	Edible, medicine	Tender leaf	Stir-fry and eat, it has the effect of treating stomach pain	No
LaerHP395	Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton	0.96	1.43	HK, LL, LES	rei ca	Herb	Lamiaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Tender leaf, whole plant	Tender leaf: stir-fry and eat, as spices when stir-frying, it has analgesic and detoxification effects; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock; trade whole plant at the bazaar	No
LaerHP374	Phaseolus vulgaris L	0.96	0.65	HK, LL, LES	ga nong	Herb	Fabaceae	Edible, trade	Fresh pods, seed	Fresh pods, seed: stir-fry and eat; trade fresh pods and seed at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP320	Photinia × fraseri Dress	0.52	0.65	HK, LES	dou qin miao	Shrub	Rosaceae	Trade, ornamental	Whole plant	Trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP336	Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman	0.52	0.33	LL	dou miao qin	Shrub	Rosaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	Yes
LaerHP337	Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliv	0.65	1.10	HK, LL, LES	luo ao	Herb	Poaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Bamboo shoot, stem	Bamboo shoot: stir-fried food; old stem: weaving bamboo mats; trade bamboo shoot and old stem at the bazaar	No
LaerHP369	Phyllostachys nidularia Munro	0.22	0.98	HK, LL	o luo	Herb	Poaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Bamboo shoot, stem	Bamboo shoot: stir-fried food; old stem: weaving bamboo mats; trade bamboo shoot and old stem at the bazaar	No
LaerHP379	Phyllostachys reticulata K.Koch	0.74	1.10	HK	o luo	Herb	Poaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Bamboo shoot, stem	Bamboo shoot: stir-fried food; old stem: weaving bamboo mats; trade bamboo shoot and old stem at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP361	Phytolacca americana L	0.17	0.65	HK	jian zhong xiao	Herb	Phytolaccaceae	Edible, medicine	Tender leaf	Stir-fry and eat; whole plant: it's a traditional Chinese medicine	No
LaerHP417	Pisum sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir	1.04	0.65	HK	bi wan dou	Herb	Fabaceae	Edible, trade	Seed, fresh pods	Seed, fresh pods: stir-fry and eat; trade seed and fresh pods at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP436	Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet	0.48	0.33	LL	dou luo han	Tree	Podocarpaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP406	Portulaca grandiflora Hook	0.39	0.33	HK	da hua ma chi xian	Herb	Portulacaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	Yes
LaerHP345	Prunus persica (L.) Batsch	1.13	0.98	HK, LL, LES	bi gua	Tree	Rosaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP401	Prunus salicina Lindl	1.13	0.98	HK, LL, LES	bi li	Tree	Rosaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP442	Pseudognaphalium affine (D.Don) Anderb	0.09	0.45	HK	rei da guo	Herb	Asteraceae	Medicine	Stem, leaf	Stem, leaf:used as medicine, boiled with water to drink can cough suppressant, expectorant	No
LaerHP447	Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S.M.Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep	1.13	1.23	HK, LL, LES	li xiu xiu	Liana	Fabaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Root tuber	Stir-fry and eat; extracted as kudzu powder, boiled with water to drink, it has the functions of relieving external heat, promoting diuresis, quenching thirst, and stopping diarrhea;trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP446	Punica granatum L	1.22	0.98	LES	bi shi liu	Tree	Lythraceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP407	Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai	0.78	0.98	HK, LL, LES	dou bi rua	Tree	Rosaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP435	Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin	1.04	1.55	HK, LES	la bo ou	Herb	Brassicaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage	Root, seed, whole plant	Root: stir-fry and eat; seed: eating directly can digest and dissolve phlegm; fresh roots: quench thirst and aid digestion; whole plant:feed directy to poultry and livestock; trade whole plant at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP346	Reynoutria japonica Houtt	0.22	0.70	LL	bi dong xiao	Herb	Polygonaceae	Medicine	Stem	Used for medicinal purposes, it has the effects of promoting blood circulation, dispelling blood stasis, unblocking meridians, and relieving cough	No
LaerHP321	Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke	0.65	0.98	HK	bi xi gong	Liana	Polygonaceae	Trade, medicine, ornamental	Root tuber	Trade it at the bazaar; it’s traditional Chinese medicine, boil water to drink can clear away heat and detoxify; ornamental	No
LaerHP424	Rhododendron simsii Planch	0.87	0.98	LL, LES	dou ben	Shrub	Ericaceae	Trade, medicine, ornamental	Whole plant	Trade it at the bazaar; it's a traditional Chinese medicine; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP408	Robinia pseudoacacia L	0.57	0.53	HK, LL	dou duo	Tree	Fabaceae	Trade, ornamental	Whole plant	Trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP362	Rosa chinensis Jacq	0.78	0.33	HK, LL	xiu duo ben	Shrub	Rosaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	Yes
LaerHP409	Rubus parvifolius L	0.83	1.35	HK	bin ge	Shrub	Rosaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Fruit, whole plant	Fruit: eaten directly after ripening or for brewing and drinking; whole plant: it's a traditional Chinese medicine, boiled with water to drink can analgesic, blood activating, dispelling wind and dampness, and detoxifying effects; trade whole plant at the bazaar	No
LaerHP375	Rudbeckia hirta L	0.13	0.33	HK	rei ben	Herb	Asteraceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	Yes
LaerHP443	Rumex japonicus Houtt	0.13	0.33	HK	bie ga chou	Herb	Polygonaceae	Medicine	Root	It's a traditional Chinese medicine, boiled with water to drink after mashing can treating diarrhea	No
LaerHP388	Salix babylonica L	0.61	0.33	HK	dou liao ao	Tree	Salicaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	Yes
LaerHP348	Sesamum indicum L	1.13	0.90	HK, LL, LES	ha bi ma	Herb	Pedaliaceae	Edible, trade	Seed	Used as cooking raw materials and dish accessories, pressed oil for serving; trade it at the bazaar	No
LaerHP394	Solanum lycopersicum L	1.04	1.10	HK, LL, LES	min la zi	Herb	Solanaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Fruit, leaf	Fruits:stir-fry and eat or eaten as raw fruits; trade fruit at the bazaar; leaf: feed directly to poultry and livestock	Yes
LaerHP322	Solanum melongena L	0.96	0.65	LL, LES	guo weng	Herb	Solanaceae	Edible, trade	Fruit	Stir-fry and eat; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP432	Solanum tuberosum L	0.96	0.65	HK, LES	bi yang yu	Herb	Solanaceae	Edible, trade	Stem tuber	Eating after steaming and cooking; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP411	Spinacia oleracea L	0.87	0.98	HK	bo cai	Herb	Amaranthaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Leaf, whole plant	Leaf: stir-fry and eat; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock; trade whole plant at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP425	Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz	0.87	1.63	HK	ri da tai	Herb	Asteraceae	Edible, trade, medicine, forage, ornamental	Whole plant	Stir-fry and eat, can treat gout; trade it at the bazaar; feed directly to poultry and livestock; ornamental	No
LaerHP453	Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley	0.61	0.98	HK	dou za la	Tree	Rutaceae	Trade, medicine, ornamental	Whole plant	The main economic crops in the local area before; it's a traditional Chinese medicine; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP353	Toona sinensis (Juss.) M.Roem	0.96	0.65	HK, LL, LES	dou ye	Tree	Meliaceae	Edible, trade	Tender shoot, stem, leaf	Tender shoot, tender leaf: stir-fry and eat; stem: trade tender shoot, stem and leaf at the bazaar	No
LaerHP454	Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H.Wendl	0.48	0.98	HK, LL, LES	dou suo	Tree	Arecaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Tender flowers	Stir-fry and eat; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP363	Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim	0.30	1.48	LL, LES	dou gua lou	Liana	Cucurbitaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Root, fruit, seed	Root: boiled and eaten, it has the effects of clearing heat, generating fluids, detoxifying and reducing swelling, and is a good contraceptive pill; fruit, seed: it has the effects of clearing heat and phlegm, moistening the lungs and relieving cough, and smoothing the intestines; trade seed at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP381	Triticum aestivum L	0.91	0.65	HK	gou mo	Herb	Poaceae	Edible, trade	Seed	Steaming and eating; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP376	Urtica fissa E.Pritz. ex Diels	0.43	0.98	HK	rei gei qiang	Herb	Urticaceae	Trade, medicine, forage	Whole plant, stem, leaf	Whole plant: trade whole plant at the bazaar; it's a traditional Chinese medicine, it can treating rheumatic pain; stem, leaf: feed to poultry and livestock	No
LaerHP444	Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw	0.52	0.98	LL	dou xie dou you	Tree	Euphorbiaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Pressed for oil; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No
LaerHP455	Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc	1.04	0.98	LL	ga nou xing dan	Herb	Fabaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Fresh pods, stem	Fresh pods: stir-fry and ea; trade fresh pods at the bazaar t; stem: feed directly to poultry and livestock	Yes
LaerHP323	Vitis heyneana subsp. ficifolia (Bunge) C.L.Li	0.61	0.98	HK	bi gang	Liana	Vitaceae	Edible, trade, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	Yes
LaerHP380	Vitis vinifera L	1.00	0.78	HK, LL, LES	bi gang	Liana	Vitaceae	Edible, trade	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening or used for brewing wine; trade it at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP459	Yucca gloriosa L	0.35	0.33	LES	feng wei lan	Shrub	Asparagaceae	Ornamental	-	Ornamental	No
LaerHP410	Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim	1.35	1.30	HK, LL, LES	bi shei	Tree	Rutaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, ornamental	Seed	Add as a condiment when stir-frying, it can ispel wind chill;trade it at the bazaar; it’s a traditional Chinese medicine; ornamental	No
LaerHP347	Zea mays L	1.43	1.10	HK, LL, LES	bao mi	Herb	Poaceae	Edible, trade, forage	Seed, whole plant	Seed: steaming and eating or stir-fry and eat; whole plant: feed directly to poultry and livestock; trade whole plant at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP389	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	1.22	1.10	LL	shan	Herb	Zingiberaceae	Edible, trade, medicine	Root, stem	Root, stem: as seasoning, it also has the effects of removing fishy smell, preventing vomiting and nausea; trade root and stem at the bazaar	Yes
LaerHP445	Zingiber striolatum Diels	0.35	0.65	LL, LES	bie yang huo	Herb	Zingiberaceae	Edible, trade	Tender shoot, stem tuber	Tender shoot, stem tuber: stir-fry and eat; trade tender shoot and stem tuber at the bazaar	No
LaerHP354	Ziziphus jujuba Mill	1.39	1.30	HK, LES	dou bi nei	Tree	Rhamnaceae	Edible, trade, medicine, ornamental	Fruit	Eaten directly after ripening, can replenish energy; trade it at the bazaar; ornamental	No

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