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Table 1 Plants used for liquor fermentation starter in Sandu County of Guizhou

From: Ethnobotany of wild plants used for starting fermented beverages in Shui communities of southwest China

No.

Chinese name

Shui name

Scientific name

Family name

Life form

Parts used

Frequency

Other value

1

Tuniuxi

土牛膝

ma24dian43

Achyranthes aspera L.

Amaranthaceae

Herb

Leaf

***

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Diuretics; Cold; Fever; Amygdalitis; Mumps

2

Zhonghua-mihoutao

中华猕猴桃

faŋ43ma24

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Actinidiaceae

Shrub

Leaf

****

The fruit is edible

3

Geyemihoutao

革叶猕猴桃

faŋ43ma24

Actinidia rubricaulis var. coriacea (Finet & Gagnep.) C.F. Liang

Actinidiaceae

Shrub

Leaf, Fruit

***

The fruit is edible

4

Longyacao

龙芽草

ɡa31jun35ɡaŋ42

Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.

Rosaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Stopping bleed

5

Xingxiang-tu’erfeng

杏香兔儿风

ʨyŋ35laŋ31thu31nu24luŋ42

Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. ex Benth.

Asteraceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Diuretics; Hematemesis; Traumatic injury

6

Sanyemutong

三叶木通

haŋ31wa24mei33thuŋ55

Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.

Lardizabalaceae

Liana

Leaf

***

Diuretics; Promoting lactation; Loosing bones and muscles; Removing dampness; Arthralgia

7

Ersexiangqing

二色香青

ja55sa43laŋ35ʨhu53

Anaphalis bicolor (Franch.) Diels

Asteraceae

Shrub

Whole plant

**

Removing dampness; Relieving summer-heat; Cough

8

Jinxiancao

金线草

niaŋ55ha24ɡaŋ43

Antenoron filiforme (Thunb.) Roberty & Vautier

Polygonaceae

Herb

Aerial part

****

Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Relieving pain; Stopping bleed; Eliminating stasis to stop pain

9

Zijinniu

紫金牛

ʨin24niaŋ24kui42

Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Bl.

Myrsinaceae

Shrub

Aerial part

*****

Phthisis; Hemoptysis; Cough; Tracheitis; Removing dampness; Leukorrhea; Amenorrhoea; Diuretics

10

Qihao

奇蒿

ȵi35ai35

Artemisia anomala S. Moore

Asteraceae

Herb

Aerial part

***

Removing dampness; Promoting blood circulations; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Irregular menstruation; Relieving pain

11

Hualianxixin

花脸细辛

nu55na5535na24

Asarum splendens (F. Maekawa) C. Y. Cheng & C. S. Yang

Aristolochiaceae

Herb

Whole plant

****

Dispelling wind and cold; Relieving pain; Warming lung for dispelling cold

12

Wulingxixin

五岭细辛

33nu3335na24

Asarum wulingense C.F. Liang

Aristolochiaceae

Herb

Whole plant

***

Dispelling wind and cold; Relieving pain; Warming lung for dispelling cold

13

Tiejiaojue

铁角蕨

ɕie24pau4335

Asplenium trichomanes L.

Aspleniaceae

Herb

Whole plant

**

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Removing dampness; Stopping bleed; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Dysentery; Leukorrhea; Irregular menstruation; Backache

14

Ziwan

紫菀

ʨie35yue55

Aster ageratoides Turcz.

Asteraceae

Herb

Aerial part

****

Cold; Cough; Asthma; Consumptive disease; Blood vomitting

15

Sanmaiziwan

三脉紫菀

haŋ43mai35 ʨie35jue55

Aster tataricus L. f.

Asteraceae

Herb

Aerial part

***

Cold; Cough; Asthma; Consumptive disease; Blood vomitting

16

Xianghua

香桦

laŋ24huaˀ55

Betula insignis Franch.

Betulaceae

Tree

Leaf

*****

Cough; Asthma; Eliminating phlegm

17

Baiji

白及

ja43pau43

Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f.

Orchidaceae

Herb

Root

*****

Stopping bleed; Anti-swelling agent; Promoting tissue regeneration

18

Laijiangteng

来江藤

daŋ42kui33jau43

Brandisia hancei Hook. f.

Scrophulariaceae

Shrub

Stem, Leaf

*****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Bone fracture; Hepatitis

19

Jinqianbao

金钱豹

niaŋ24ɕie33me43

Campanumoea javanica Bl.

Campanulaceae

Liana

Aerial part

***

Warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold; Moistening lung to arrest cough; Inducing saliva and slakes thirst; Spleen tonic

20

Yanguantoucao

烟管头草

je31tau24ku33kaŋ43

Carpesium cernuum L.

Asteraceae

Herb

Aerial part

****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Anti-swelling agent; Anti-inflammation; Relieving pain; Cold; Fever; Toothache; Dysentery; Diuretics

21

Diaodenghua

吊灯花

tiau35phau33nuˀ55

Ceropegia trichantha Hemsl.

Asclepiadaceae

Liana

Whole plant

**

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Bone fracture; Hepatitis; Ornamental

22

Rougui

肉桂

nai55kui55

Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don

Lauraceae

Tree

Bark

*****

Relieving pain; Waist and knee pain; Stomachache; Dyspepsia; Amenorrhea; Spice

23

Ganju

柑橘

kaːŋ55

Citrus reticulata Blanco

Rutaceae

Tree

Leaf

*****

Regulating qi-flowing for eliminating phlegm; Promoting blood circulations; Anti-swelling agent; The fruit is edible

24

Dangshen

党参

taŋ24ʂen24

Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.

Campanulaceae

Liana

Aerial part

*****

Invigorating the blood; Spleen and stomach tonic; Weakness; The root is cooking for edible

25

Fanbaocao

饭包草

ma33kai43kei33

Commelina bengalensis L.

Commelinaceae

Herb

Aerial part

***

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Diuretics; Anti-swelling agent; The leaves and stems are cooking as vegetables

26

Xianggang-sizhaohua

香港四照花

ɕi24ʦau43nuˀ55

Cornus hongkongensis Hemsl.

Cornaceae

Tree

Leaf, Fruit

**

Ornamental, The fruit is edible

27

Shamu

杉木

mei35faːi24

Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.

Taxodiaceae

Tree

Young leaf

***

Construction

28

Qinggang

青冈

mei35khei24

Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst.

Fagaceae

Tree

Fruits, Barks

****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials

29

Yuyancao

鱼眼草

mei35la31kaŋ43

Dichrocephala integrifolia (L. f.) Kuntze

Asteraceae

Herb

Leaf

**

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Rremoving dampness

30

Yeshi

野柿

mei35

Diospyros kaki var. silvestris Makino

Ebenaceae

Tree

Leaf

***

The fruit is edible

31

Hutuizi

胡颓子

nuei35liuˀ55la33

Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.

Elaeagnaceae

Shrub

Leaf, Fruit

*****

Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Removing blood stasis; Stopping bleed; Traumatic injury

32

Xiangru

香薷

laŋ35ʐu43

Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl.

Lamiaceae

Herb

Stem, Leaf

***

Relieving exterior and sweating; Removing dampness; Warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold; Diuretics; Anti-swelling agent

33

Jianyerong

尖叶榕

ɕie43wa24ʐuŋ24

Ficus henryi Warb.

Moraceae

Tree

Leaf, Fruit

****

Cough; Toothache; Removing dampness; The fruit is edible

34

Bili

薜荔

ɕue35li43

Ficus pumila L.

Moraceae

Shrub

Leaf

*****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Expelling damp; Diuretics; The achene is washed for cooking bean jelly

35

Diguo

地果

laŋ4335

Ficus tikoua Bureau

Moraceae

Herb

Stem, Leaf, Fruit

***

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Removing dampness; Promoting blood circulations; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; The fruit is edible

36

Qianjinba

千斤拔

ɕie35ʨie43jun33

Flemingia prostrata Roxb.

Fabaceae

Shrub

Leaf

****

Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Removing blood stasis; Clearing away heat and toxic materials

37

Zhizi

栀子

mei3543

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Rubiaceae

Shrub

Leaf, Fruit

*****

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Purging intense heat; Herbal tea; Ornamental

38

Weiyebaizhu

尾叶白珠

hen55wa24pa33lei43

Gaultheria griffithiana Wight

Ericaceae

Shrub

Lef

***

Removing dampness; Ornamental

39

Baiguobaizhu

白果白珠

pa33lei43 pa33lei43

Gaultheria leucocarpa Bl.

Ericaceae

Shrub

Leaf

***

Removing dampness; Ornamental

40

Maodadingcao

毛大丁草

ȵi55mo33ɕie43

Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass.

Asteraceae

Herb

Whole plant

*****

Clearing internal heat; Anti-inflammatory effects; Cold; Fever; Postpartum dysphoria

41

Dadingcao

大丁草

mo33ɕie43

Gerbera anandria (L.) Sch.-Bip.

Asteraceae

Herb

Whole plant

****

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Removing dampness; Anti-swelling agent; Bleeding

42

Lubianqing

路边青

ʨia35khun43jy43

Geum aleppicum Jacq.

Rosaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Irregular menstruation; Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Relieving pain

43

Suanpanzi

算盘子

mei24la33li43

Glochidion puberum (L.) Hutch.

Euphorbiaceae

Shrub

Stem, Leaf, Fruit

*****

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Removing dampness; Dispelling wind and cold; Loosing bones and muscles; Leukorrhea; Dysmenorrhea

44

Shanxiaoju

山小橘

nu5533ʨiu55

Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC.

Rutaceae

Tree

Leaf

****

Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Anti-swelling agent; The fruit is edible

45

Nuomituan

糯米团

nu55man33kaŋ43

Gonostegia hirta (Bl. ex Hassk.) Miq.

Urticaceae

Herb

Whole plant

*****

Spleen tonic; Digestion; Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Removing dampness; Anti-swelling agent

46

Xiao’erxiancao

小二仙草

33ka33ɕie43kaŋ43

Haloragis micrantha Thunb.

Haloragidaceae

Herb

Whole plant

***

Diuretics; Expelling damp; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Antidysmenorrhea; Promoting blood circulations

47

Changchunteng

常春藤

ma43lian35man33

Hedera nepalensis K. Koch

Araliaceae

Shrub

Whole plant

*

Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Promoting blood circulations; Anti-swelling agent; Ornamental

48

Ercao

耳草

khan43kaŋ43

Hedyotis auricularia L.

Rubiaceae

Tree

Leaf

***

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Removing dampness; Anti-swelling agent

49

Zhiju

枳椇

ɕiu43

Hovenia acerba Lindl.

Rhamnaceae

Tree

Leaf, Fruit

****

Promoting blood circulations; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Clearing heat and expelling damp; Asthma; Ornamental; Fence

50

Kuanluanye-changbing-shanmahuang

宽卵叶长柄山蚂蝗

sɿ33mi43

Hylodesmum podocarpum subsp. fallax (Schindl.) H. Ohashi & R.R. Mill

Fabaceae

Herb

Leaf

***

Dispelling wind and cold; Loosing bones and muscles; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Anti-swelling agent; Traumatic injury; Removing dampness; Backache

51

Jianyechangbing-shanmahuang

尖叶长柄山蚂蝗

sɿ33mi43

Hylodesmum podocarpum subsp. oxyphyllum (DC.) H. Ohashi & R.R. Mill

Fabaceae

Herb

Leaf

***

Dispelling wind and cold; Loosing bones and muscles; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Anti-swelling agent; Traumatic injury; Removing dampness

52

Tianjihuang

田基黄

khui33wan33tin43

Hypericum japonicum Thunb.

Clusiaceae

Herb

Aerial part

****

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Removing dampness; Promoting blood circulations; Anti-swelling agent

53

Yuanbaocao

元宝草

juan24pin33 kaŋ43

Hypericum sampsonii Hance

Clusiaceae

Herb

Whole plant

***

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Restoring menstrual flow; Loosing bones and muscles; Stopping bleed; Fever; Dysentery; Irregular menstruation,Leukorrhea

54

Baimao

白茅

hai33pa43

Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.

Poaceae

herb

Root, Stem

*****

Stopping bleed; Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Diuretics

55

Jianyemulan

尖叶木蓝

wa24ɕie43mei35ʨhu43

Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.

Fabaceae

Shrub

Young stem, Leaf

***

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Removing blood stasis; Stopping bleed

56

Yang’erju

羊耳菊

ma35hai55

Inula cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) DC.

Asteraceae

Shrub

Aerial part

****

Dispelling wind and cold; Anti-swelling agent; Relieving pain

57

Yuanwei

鸢尾

wa24liu43

Iris tectorum Maxim.

Iridaceae

Herb

Root, Stem

****

Promoting blood circulations; Removing blood stasis; Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Digestion; Ornamental

58

Nanwuweizi

南五味子

nai43wo24wei24la43

Kadsura longipedunculata Finet & Gagnep.

Schisandraceae

Liana

Whole plant

****

Astringent; Inducing saliva and slakes thirst; Notifying kidney and spleen; The fruit is edible

59

Huorongcao

火绒草

jy33mau43kaŋ43

Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd. ) Beauv.

Asteraceae

Herb

Whole plant

***

Clearing away heat and toxic materials

60

Yimucao

益母草

mai33kaŋ43

Leonurus japonicus Houtt.

Lamiaceae

Herb

Young stem, Leaf

*****

Promoting blood circulations; Removing blood stasis; Diuretics; Anti-dysmenorrhea

61

Yebaihe

野百合

nu33pa43

Lilium brownii F.E. Brown ex Miell.

Liliaceae

Herb

Bulb

****

Moistening lung to arrest cough; Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Tranquilizing the mind; Diuretics; The bulb is edible

62

Shanjijiao

山鸡椒

ɕiu43

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.

Lauraceae

Shrub

Leaf

*****

Warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold; Dispelling wind and cold; Anti-swelling agent; Spice

63

Liuyerendong

柳叶忍冬

ha33tiau33ʨi33tin4333

Lonicera lanceolata Wall.

Caprifoliaceae

Tree

Stem, Leaf, flower

****

None

64

Danzhuye

淡竹叶

wa33fan55

Lophatherum gracile Brongn.

Poaceae

Herb

Whole plant

*****

Reducing pathogenic fire; Fever; Diuretics; Herbal tea

65

Haijinsha

海金沙

miau33nu33ka55

Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.

Lygodiaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Removing dampness; Relieving pain Urinary tract infections; Hepatitis; Nephritis edema; Diarrhea

66

Xiaoguo-shidagonglao

小果十大功劳

laŋ3333suŋ33ta33kuŋ33lau24

Mahonia bodinieri Gagnep.

Berberidaceae

Shrub

Whole plant

*****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Anti-swelling agent; Antidiarrheic; Dysentery; Hepatitis; Ornamental

67

Diren

地菍

lai33ʐ24

Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.

Melastomaceae

Shrub

Aerial part

*****

Removing toxicity; The fruit is edible

68

Shiqizhu

石荠苎

tin43ʨi33han24

Mosla scabra (Thunb.) C.Y. Wu & H.W. Li

Lamiaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Cold; Malaria; Constipation; Hemafecia; Bleeding; Traumatic injury

69

Yangmei

杨梅

hai24

Myrica rubra (Lour.) Sieb. & Zucc.

Myricaceae

Tree

Leaf, Fruit

*****

Inducing saliva and slakes thirst; Digestion; The fruit is edible

70

Shenjue

肾蕨

ȵi33ʨian43

Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott

Davalliaceae

Herb

Whole plant

*****

Cold; Fever; Cough; Tuberculosis; Dysentery; Enteritis; The tuber is edible

71

Xiaohuaihua

小槐花

nu33mei33suŋ43

Ohwia caudata (Thunb.) H. Ohashi

Fabaceae

Shrub

Leaf

*****

Hepatoprotective

72

Yezhiwei-jinfenjue

野雉尾金粉蕨

ȵin24ja33to24

Onychium japonicum (Thunb.) Kze.

Pteridaceae

Herb

Aerial part

***

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Removing dampness; Stopping bleed; The leaves are cooked as vegetables

73

Jishiteng

鸡矢藤

jau33kai24

Paederia foetida L.

Rubiaceae

Liana

Aerial part

*****

Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Digestion; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Anti-swelling agent; Promoting blood circulations; Relieving pain

74

Jinxiangcao

锦香草

laŋ24kaŋ43

Phyllagathis cavaleriei (Levl. et Van.) Guillaum.

Melastomaceae

Shrub

Whole plant

*****

Reducing pathogenic fire; Tonic

75

Changmang-jinxiangcao

长芒锦香草

kai24laŋ24kaŋ43

Phyllagathis longiradiosa C. Chen

Melastomaceae

Shrub

Leaf

***

Clearing away heat and toxic materials

76

Shanju

山蒟

man33luŋ24

Piper hancei Maxim.

Piperaceae

Liana

Aerial part

*****

Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Activating collaterals

77

Pingcheqian

平车前

ma43ma35

Plantago depressa Willd.

Plantaginaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Diuretics; The whole plants is cooked as vegetables

78

Jiegeng

桔梗

haŋ33tie24

Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC.

Campanulaceae

Herb

Root

*****

Cough;Eliminating phlegm; Ornamental

79

Guazijin

瓜子金

ha33ɣə33ti33

Polygala japonica Houtt.

Polygalaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Promoting blood circulations; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Eliminating phlegm and relieve cough; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Relieving pain

80

Laliao

辣蓼

lie24liauˀ55

Polygonum hydropiper L.

Polygonaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Eliminating stasis to stop pain;stopping bleed; Dysentery; Traumatic injury; Spice

81

Machixian

马齿苋

ma33jun33ȵie24

Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulacaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Promoting circulation and removing stasis; Anti-swelling agent; The aerial part is cooked as vegetabl

82

Shiganzi

石柑子

tin33kai33la55

Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr.

Araceae

Liana

Stems, Leaf

****

Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Promoting blood circulations; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Digestion; Cough

83

Ge

pei33hai55

Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.

Fabaceae

Liana

Leaf

*****

Fever; Inducing saliva and slakes thirst; Inducing saliva and slakes thirst; Antidiarrheic; Kudzu powder is edible

84

Wannianqing

万年青

ɕin33pe31ʨhiu55

Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth

Liliaceae

Herb

Leaf

****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Relieving pain

85

Cili

刺梨

nei24

Rosa roxburghii Tratt.

Rosaceae

Shrub

Fruit

*****

Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Inducing saliva and slakes thirst; Digestion; The fruit is edible

86

Jinyingzi

金樱子

ȵy33məŋ33ja43

Rosa laevigata Michx.

Rosaceae

Shrub

Leaf, Fruit

*****

Promoting blood circulations; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Clearing away heat and toxic; The fruit is ediblematerials

87

Cuyexuangouzi

粗叶悬钩子

luei31wa24lauˀ55

Rubus alceaefolius Poir.

Rosaceae

Shrub

Root, Leaf

***

Promoting blood circulations; Removing blood stasis; Heat-clearing and detoxifying effect; Stopping bleed; The fruit is edible

88

Shanmei

山莓

tuŋ33kaˀ55

Rubus corchorifolius L. f.

Rosaceae

Shrub

Stem, Leaf, Fruit

****

Promoting blood circulations; Stopping bleed; Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; The fruit is edible

89

Tuoyuan-xuangouzi

椭圆悬钩子

lun33laŋ24ku33lu33

Rubus ellipticus Sm.

Rosaceae

Shrub

Young stem, Leaf

***

Anti-swelling agent; Relieving pain; Antidiarrheic; The fruit is edible

90

Huangguo-xuangouzi

黄果悬钩子

lun33laŋ24man33

Rubus xanthocarpus Bureau & Franch.

Rosaceae

Shrub

Leaf

***

Anti-inflammatory effects; Relieving pain; The fruit is edible

91

Hongpaociteng

红泡刺藤

jau43lun33han33

Rubus niveus Thunb.

Rosaceae

Shrub

Leaf, Fruit

****

Dispelling wind and cold; Removing dampness; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Dysentery; The fruit is edible

92

Daxueteng

大血藤

ma31len24ʨieˀ55

Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson

Lardizabalaceae

Liana

Stem, Leaf

****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Promoting blood circulations; Dredging collaterals; Dispelling wind and cold; Convulsive disease

93

Xiaoxueteng

小血藤

ma31jiu43 ʨieˀ55

Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Baillon

Schisandraceae

Liana

Aerial part

****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Anti-swelling agent; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Stopping bleed

94

Tiegusan

铁箍散

ɕin33nuei33ku33san33

Schisandra propinqua subsp. sinensis (Oliv.) R.M.K. Saunders

Schisandraceae

Liana

Stem, Leaf, Fruit

****

Dispelling wind and cold; Promoting blood circulations; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Anti-swelling agent; Relieving pain; Irregular menstruation

95

Sanmaibaqia

三脉菝葜

fa2433en24

Smilax trinervula Miqual

Liliaceae

Shrub

Leaf

****

None

96

Citianqie

刺天茄

suŋ31wən24ʨia24

Solanum violaceum Ortega

Solanaceae

Shrub

Leaf

***

Anti-inflammatory effects; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Relieving pain

97

Baitan

白檀

pa33than24

Symplocos paniculata Miq.

Symplocaceae

Shrub

Leaf

*****

Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Removing blood stasis; Dispelling wind and cold

98

Hongdoushan

红豆杉

mei24nu33

Taxus wallichiana Zucc. var. chinensis (Pilg.) Florin

Taxaceae

Tree

Young leaf

*****

Digestion; Ascariasis; Ornamental

99

Qinglichai

青篱柴

ʨhiu24li33lin24

Tirpitzia sinensis (Hemsl.) Hallier f.

Linaceae

Shrub

Stem, leaf

***

Anti-swelling agent; Relieving pain; Bone fracture; Ornamental

100

Xiangchun

香椿

mei24ȵiu43

Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem.

Meliaceae

Tree

Leaf

*****

Cold; Removing dampness; Stomachache; Dysentery; The leaves is cooked as vegetable

101

Mabiancao

马鞭草

ma24pian33kaŋ43

Verbena officinalis L.

Verbenaceae

Herb

Aerial part

*****

Promoting blood circulations; Eliminating stasis to stop pain; Malaria; Clearing away heat and toxic materials; Diuretics; Anti-swelling agent

102

Lanshu

蓝树

mei24ʨhiu24

Wrightia laevis Hook. f.

Apocynaceae

Tree

Leaf

*****

Traumatic injury; Stopping bleed; Dye plant

103

Huajiao

花椒

ɕiu24

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.

Rutaceae

Tree

Leaf

*****

Digestion; Relieving pain; Insecticidal; Anti-itch; Spice

  1. Frequency: ***** > 75% of respondents; **** > 50% of respondents; *** > 25% of respondents; ** > 12.5% of respondents; * < 12.5% of respondents, but at least 5 respondents
  2. (Ranked by scientific names alphabetically, followed by generic and species names)