Table 1 ᅟ
From: The bear in Eurasian plant names: motivations and models
AA currently valid nomenclature | The taxon indicated in original source | Local name | Literal translation | Language | Area | Motivation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthus hirsutus Boiss. | Acanthus hirsutus Boiss. | ayıeli | bear hand | Turkish | Anatolia | shape | [59] |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayïpänġäsi | bear claw | Azeri | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayïwtabani | bear sole | Bashkir | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | upauri | bear foot | Chuvash | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | medviđa stopa | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | medvidnja stupa | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | medvija stupa | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | medvjeđa stupa | bear foot | Croatian | no location | Latin calque | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | medvejsko kopito | bear hoof | Croatian | no location | ? | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | medvedovina | bear plant | Croatian | no location | Latin calque | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | stopa medvidnja | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | stopa medvinja | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | stopa medvjednja | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | stopa medvjeđa | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | stopa medvjeska | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | medvědí pazneht | bear hoof | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | medvědí paznecht | bear hoof | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | nedvědí paznot | bear hoof | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | nedvězí paznot | bear hoof | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | vlašský nedvědí pazneht | Italian bear hoof | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | vlašský nedvědí paznecht | Italian bear hoof | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | patte d’ours | bear paw | French | Latin calque | [2] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | branc ursine | bear paw | French | Latin calque | [2] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | branque ursine | bear paw | French | Latin calque | [2] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | branche ursine | bear paw | French | Latin calque | [2] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | Bärenklau, echte, italienische, welsche | bear claw, true, Italian, ? | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | Bärentappe | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | Bärentatze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | branca ursina | bear paw | Italian, central | Tuscany, central Italy | ? | [74] |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayuwayaghï | bear foot | Kazakh | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayuwtabanï | bear sole | Kazakh | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | мeдвeдзoвa тaлпa | bear foot | Ruthenian | Vojvodina | Latin calque? | [125] |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | мeдвeдoвинa | bear plant | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | мeдвejcкo кoпитo | bear hoof | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | мeдвecкa cтoпa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | мeдвидњa cтупa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis L. | мeдвиja cтупa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | medvednik | bear plant | Slovenian | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | medvenik | bear plant | Slovenian | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | barjaca stopa | bear foot | Sorbian | Latin calque | [186] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayuajaghï | bear foot | Tatar | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayutabanï | bear sole | Tatar | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayıpençesi | bear claw | Turkish | shape | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayïpenġesi | bear claw | Turkmen | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | barica | she-bear | Upper-Sorbian | Latin calque? | [63] | |
Acanthus mollis L. | Acanthus mollis | ayïqtåwån | bear sole | Uzbek | Latin calque | [171] | |
Acanthus spinosus L. | Acanthus spinosus L. | branca ursina salvatica | wild bear branch | Italian, central | Tuscany, central Italy | ? | [74] |
Acanthus spinosus L. | Acanthus spinosus L. | barica | she-bear | Upper-Sorbian | Latin calque | [121] | |
Acanthus spp. | Acanthus spp. | medvedska taca | bear paw | Croatian | Latin calque | [228] | |
Acanthus spp. | Acanthus (various species, including spinosus and mollis) | bear's breech | bear breech | Eng. General | England | surface | [46] |
Acanthus spp. | Acanthus L. | ayıpençesi | bear paw | Turkish | Anatolia | shape | [131] |
Acanthus spp. | Acanthus | barnica | bear plant | Upper-Sorbian | Latin calque? | [63] | |
Achillea millefolium L. | Achillea millefolium L. | karhunkukka | bear flower | Finnish | Perho, Sievi | surface | [82] |
Achillea millefolium L. | Achillea millefolium L. | karhunruoho | bear grass | Finnish | Perho | surface | [82] |
Achillea nobilis L. | Achillea nobilis L. | ayıdanası | bear calf | Turkish | W Anatolia | folklore | [145] |
Aconitum napellus L. | Aconitum napellus | bear's foot | bear foot | Eng. Midland | Nottingham | shape | [45] |
Aconitum napellus L. | Aconitum napellus L. | karupesa | bear nest | Estonian | Mus | size | [58] |
Aconitum sp. | Aconitum sp. | ayïwtabani | bear sole | Bashkir | shape | [171] | |
Aconitum sp. | Aconitum sp. | ayïqtåwån | bear sole | Uzbek | shape? | [171] | |
Acorus calamus L. | Acorus cal. | Bärenmutter-wurzel | bear mother root | German, non specified | not specified | folk etymology? | [65] |
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. | Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. | karhunmarja | bear berry | Finnish | Sort, Konn | dangerousness | [82] |
Actaea spicata L. | Actaea spicata L. | мeдвeжьи ягoды | bear berries | Central Russian | Nizhni Novgorod | inedibility? | [57] |
Actaea spicata L. | Actaea spicata L. | meškauogė | bear berries | Lithuanian | Lithuania | dangerousness, bear food | |
Actaea spicata L. | Actaea spicata L. | мeдвeжья тpaвa | bear grass | Northern Russian | Olonets | dangerousness (toxic)? | [57] |
Actaea spicata L. | Actaea spicata L. | bjønnbær | bear berry | Norwegian | Northern Odal, Vodal | ? | [80] |
Actaea spicata L. | Actaea spicata L. | мeдвeжья ягoдa | bear berry | Russian | Middle Ob region | dangerousness (toxic) | [101] |
Actaea spicata L. | Actaea spicata | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Österbotten, Nyland | status- | [155] |
Aegopodium podagraria L. | Aegopodium podagraria | medvedova taca | bear paw | Slovenian | ? | ||
Agasyllis latifolia Boiss. | Siler latifolium L. | medvedovka | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | [144] | |
Ajuga reptans L. | Ajuga reptans L. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear step | Bulgarian | shape, surface | [86] | |
Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm. | Alchemilla vulgaris L. | bear's foot | bear foot | Eng. Southern, Northern | Hampshire, Northumberland | shape | [45] |
Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm. | Alchemilla vulg. | Barendaumen | bear thumb | German, non specified | not specified | shape?, surface? | [65] |
Allium rotundum L. | Allium rotundum L. | ayı sarmısağı | bear garlic | Turkish | Kırklareli (European part of Turkey) | wild | [227] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | Hudhër arushe, Hudhrr ariu | bear garlic | Albanian | Albania | bear food | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | ayï soganï | bear onion | Azeri | Latin calque | [171] | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | ayïu huganï | bear onion | Bashkir | Latin calque | [171] | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | мeчи лук | bear onion | Bulgarian | Kyustendil area | Latin calque | [86] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | bjørneløg | bear onion | Danish | Denmark | Latin calque | [187] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | karusibul | bear onion | Estonian | Hää | Latin calque | [58] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | karulauk | bear leek | Estonian | Latin calque | ||
Allium ursinum L. | Allium urs. | Bärenknoblauch | bear garlic | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium urs. | Bärlauch | bear leek | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | medvefokhagyma | bear garlic | Hungarian | Egerszék (Transylvania) | wild | Frendl and Papp unpublished |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | medvesósdi | bear’s sorrel | Hungarian | Egerszék (Transylvania) | wild | Frendl and Papp unpublished |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | ajë dell'orse; aju dell'orso; ajo dell'ors | bear garlic | Italian, central | Gran Sasso d'Italia and Laga Mt., Abruzzo and little portion of eastern Latium, central Italy | wild, status- | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | ajë de l'urs | bear garlic | Italian, central | Valle Peligna and Alto Sangro, Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status- | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | ajë dë jursë | bear garlic | Italian, southern | Valle Subequana, mid Valle dell'Aterno, Altopiano delle Rocche (L'Aquila), Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status- | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | ayuw xogon | bear onion | Kirghiz | Latin calque | [171] | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | meškinis česnakas | bear garlic | Lithuanian | Lithuania | Latin calque, bear food | [87] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | мeдвeжий лук | bear onion | Russian | Ural | Latin calque | [181] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | мeдвeжий чecнoк | bear garlic | Russian | Ural | Latin calque | [181] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | мeдвeдзoв чecнoк | bear garlic | Ruthenian | Vojvodina | Latin calque? | [125] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | мeдвeђи лук | bear onion | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | мeдвjeђи лук | bear onion | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | medvedji zheſen | bear garlic | Slovenian | Latin calque? | [209] | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | ayısarımsağı | bear garlic | Turkish | Anatolia | wild | [235] |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum | ayi sarüsagï | bear garlic | Turkish | Latin calque | [171] | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | cybula medveža | bear onion | Ukrainian | Latin calque | [130] | |
Allium ursinum L. | Allium ursinum L. | łuk medvežyj | bear onion | Ukrainian | Latin calque | [130] | |
Allium victorialis L. | Allium victorialis L.=Allium ursinum L. | мeдвeжий лук | bear onion | Russian | Middle Ob region | Latin calque | [101] |
Allium xiphopetalum Aitch. & Baker | Allium sylvestre | medvjeđi luk | bear onion | Croatian | Latin calque | [228] | |
Aloe spp. | Aloe spp. | karusapp | bear bile | Estonian | status- | ||
Aloe spp. | Aloe spp. | karusaba | bear tail | Estonian | Rap | folk etymology | [58] |
Amelanchier ovalis Medik. | Amelanchier oval. | Bärenbirne | bear pear | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. | Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb. | kahro ohtja | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | surface | [173] | |
Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. | Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb. | karukeel | bear tongue | Estonian | surface | [182] | |
Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. | Lycopsis arvensis L. | karu osjad | bear horsetails | Estonian | folk etymology | [183] | |
Anchusa officinalis L. | Anchusa officinalis L. | karukeel | bear tongue | Estonian | Kuu | shape and surface | [214] |
Anchusa officinalis L. | Anchusa officinalis L. | karuohakas, karuohakad, karuohtjad, kahru-ohtjad | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | Rid, Võn | surface | |
Anchusa officinalis L. | Anchusa officinalis L. | kahru-ohtja, kahro ohtja, karu-ohtja (ohakad) | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | surface | ||
Anchusa officinalis L. | Anchusa officinalis | björntass | bear paw | Swedish | Skåne | shape | [155] |
Anemone alpina L. | Anemone alpina | Bärenplumpe | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Anemone alpina L. | Anemone alpina | Bärentatze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Anemone alpina L. | Pulsatilla alpina | medveje | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | [209] | |
Anemone alpina L. | Anemone alpina | medveje | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | [84] | |
Anemone patens L. | Anemone patens L. | karumunnid | bear balls | Estonian | Tallinn | surface | [58] |
Anemone patens L. | Anemone patens L. | karukell, lilla karukell | bear bell, lillack bear bell | Estonian | North Estonia | surface | [58] |
Anemone patens L. | Anemone patens L. | karusäärepael | bear shank's ribbon | Estonian | Rap | surface | [58] |
Anemone pratensis L. | Anemone pratensis L., Pulsatilla Mill. | karukell, karukelluke, karu kellad, karukellad | bear bell(s) | Estonian | North Estonia | surface | |
Anemone pratensis L. | Anemone pratensis L. | karu-kübar | bear hat | Estonian | surface | [236] | |
Anemone pratensis L. | Anemone pratensis L. | karumunnid | bear balls | Estonian | Noa | surface | [58] |
Anemone pratensis L. | Anemone pratensis L. | karukollad | bear club moss | Estonian | Kad | surface | [58] |
Anemone pratensis L. | Anemone pratensis L. | karulilled, sinine karulill, kahrulill | bear flower(s), blue bear flower | Estonian | Pal, Äks, Har | surface | [58] |
Anemone pratensis L. | Anemone pratensis L. | karusäärepaelad | bear shank's ribbons | Estonian | Nis | surface | [58] |
Anemone pratensis L. | Anemone pratensis L., Pulsatilla Mill. | karukäpad, karu kepad, karu-käpad | bear paws | Estonian | North Estonia, Ha | surface | |
Anemone pratensis L. | Anemone pratensis | bjønneblomme | bear flower | Norwegian | Sigdal | ? | [80] |
Anemone pulsatilla L. | Anemone puls. | Bärenblume | bear flower | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Anemone sylvestris L. | Anemone sylvestris L. | karukellad | bear bells | Estonian | JJn, Juu | surface | [58] |
Anemone sylvestris L. | Anemone sylvestris L. | karusilm | bear eye | Estonian | Amb, JMd | surface | [58] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Archangelica Hoffm. | мeдвeжьи дудки | bear pipes | Central Russian | Novgorod | size? | [57] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica archangelica L. | karhunputk, karhunputka, karhunputke | bear thistle, bear thorn | Finnish | folk etymology, size | [55] | |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica archangelica L. | karhun-yrtti | bear herb | Finnish | folk etymology, size | [82] | |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica archangelica L. | karunputet | bear pipe | Ingrian | folk etymology, size | [56] | |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica archangelica L. | karhuntruba | bear pipe | Izhorian | folk etymology, size | [56] | |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica archangelica L. | karupuded | bear pipe | Izhorian | folk etymology, size | [56] | |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica archangelica L. | karuputki | bear pipe | Izhorian | folk etymology, size | [56] | |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica archangelica | guovžžarássi | bear plant | North Saami | ? | [212] | |
Angelica archangelica L. | Archangelica Hoffm. | мeдвeжьи дудки | bear pipes | Northern Russian | Vologda | size? | [57] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Archangelica Hoffm. | мeдвeдoк | little bear | Russian | Middle Ural | ? | [57] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Archangelica Hoffm. | мeдвeжья дудкa | bear pipe | Russian | Ekaterinburg region | ? | [57] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Archangelica Hoffm. | мeдвeжкa | little bear | Russian | Novosibirsk region | ? | [57] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Archangelica Hoffm. | мeдвeжкa | little bear | Russian | Ekaterinburg region | ? | [57] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica ? | björnkål | bear cabbage | Swedish | Dalarna | size? | [155] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica archangelica | björnstut | bear trumpet | Swedish | Lappland | size? | [155] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica silvestris | björnflo | bear plant | Swedish | Lappland | size? | [155] |
Angelica archangelica L. | Angelica silvestris | björnstut | bear trumpet | Swedish | Lappland, Ångermanland, Västerbotten, Lappland | size? | [155] |
Angelica archangelica subsp. litoralis (Wahlenb.) Thell. | Angelica archangelica ssp. litoralis | björnfloka | bear plant | Swedish | Österbotten | size? | [155] |
Angelica spp. | Angelica spp. | karhun yrti | bear herb | Finnish | folk etymology, size | [82] | |
Angelica spp. | Angelica spp. | karhun putki, carhun putki | bear pipe | Finnish | folk etymology, size | [82] | |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | мeдвeжьи дудки | bear pipes | Central Russian | Novgorod | size? | [57] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | karhun-yrtti | bear herb | Finnish | folk etymology, size | [82] | |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | karhunputki, carhunputki, Karhunputk | bear pipe | Finnish | folk etymology, size | ||
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | karhuntruba | bear pipe | Ingrian | folk etymology, size | [56] | |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | karunputet | bear pipe | Ingrian | folk etymology, size | [56] | |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | karuputki | bear pipe | Izhorian | folk etymology, size | [56] | |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | мeдвeжья пучкa | bear cow-parsnip | Russian | Middle Ob region | bear food? | [101] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | мeдвeжьи пучки | bear cow-parsnip | Russian | Ural | size? | [57] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris | björnkumminstrånge | rough bear cummin | Swedish | Dalarna | bear food | [155] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica syilvestris | björnloka | bear plant | Swedish | Gästrikland, Dalarna, Västmanland | size? | [155] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris | björnlop | bear plant | Swedish | Dalarna | size? | [155] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris | björnpipa | bear pipe | Swedish | Västmanland, Dalarna, Västergötland | size? | [155] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris | björngräs | bear grass | Swedish | Dalarna | size? | [155] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris | björnslök | bear plant | Swedish | Värmland | size? | [155] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris | björnflor, björnflo | bear plant | Swedish | Lappland | size? | |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris | björnstut | bear trumpet | Swedish | Västerbotten | shape? | [154] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | byönngras | bear grass | Swedish | Älvdalen | ? | [223] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | byönnkumåstraingg | bear caraway plant | Swedish | Älvdalen | ? | [223] |
Angelica sylvestris L. | Angelica sylvestris L. | byönnkumåstraungg | bear caraway plant | Swedish | Älvdalen | ? | [223] |
Angelica ursina (Rupr.) Maxim. | Angelophyllum ursinum | мeдвeжий кopeнь | bear root | Russian | Latin calque | [116] | |
Angelica ursina (Rupr.) Maxim. | a Kamchatka plant | мeдвeжий кopeнь | bear root | Russian | Kamchatka | Latin calque? | [57] |
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. | Antennaria dioica | medvědí tlapičky | bear paws | Czech | Chodov | surface | [83] |
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. | Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. | karukäpp | bear paw | Estonian | Amb, JMd | shape | [58] |
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. | Antennaria dioica | Bärentatze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape | [65] |
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. | Antennaria dioica | Bärenpratze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape | [65] |
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. | Antennaria dioica | medvedove tačice | bear little paws | Slovenian | shape? | [84] | |
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. | Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. | byönntasser | bear’s paws | Swedish | Älvdalen | shape | [223] |
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. | Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. | karhunputki | bear pipe | Izhorian | folk etymology | [172] | |
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. | Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. | karuputki | bear pipe | Votic | folk etymology | [56] | |
Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Bärenklee | bear clover | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Bärenpratze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Bärentappe | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Bärentatze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Anthyllis vulneraria | medvetalpa | bear’s paw | Hungarian | Gyimes (Transylvania) | surface | [161] |
Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Anthyllis vulneraria L. | medvjeka | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | ||
Anthyllis vulneraria L. | Anthyllis vulneraria L. | medvejčka | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | ||
Antirrhinum majus L. | Antirrhinum majus | medveszája | bear’s mouth | Hungarian | no data (Hungary or Transylvania) | shape | [176] |
Apiaceae | Apiaceae, unidentified taxon | ursurèdda, sursurèdda | little female bear | Sardinian | Bari Sardo area, Ogliastra, eastern Sardinia | ? | [142] |
Arbutus unedo L. | Arbutus unedo L. | mbriachelle dë l'ursë | intoxicating little bear fruit | Italian, central | Lower Valle Peligna, upper Val Pescara, Abruzzo, central Italy | bear food | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Arbutus unedo L. | Arbutus unedo | мeчje гpoжђe | bear grapes | Serbo-Croat | size? | [84] | |
Arbutus unedo L. | Arbutus unedo | ayı çileği | bear strawberry | Turkish | Anatolia | bear food | [169] |
Arbutus unedo L. | Arbutus unedo | ayı çileği | bear strawberry | Turkish | Muğla (SW Anatolia) | shape, bear food | [169] |
Arbutus unedo L. | Arbutus unedo | ayıyemişi | bear fruit | Turkish | İzmit (NW Anatolia)-Marmara Region | bear food | [178] |
Arbutus unedo L. | Arbutus unedo | ayı yemişi | bear fruit | Turkish | Anatolia | bear food | [227] |
Arbutus unedo L. | Arbutus unedo | ayı yemişi | bear fruit | Turkish | Anatolia | bear food | [227] |
Arctium lappa L. | Arctium lappa L. | medvědí | bears | Czech | size? | [61] | |
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. | Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. | ayı kabağı | bear zucchini | Turkish | Ankara (Inner Anatolia) | status - | [165] |
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. | Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. | ayı pıtırağı | bear cocklebur | Turkish | Yalova (NW Anatolia) | size | [227] |
Arctium tomentosum Mill. | Arctium tomentosum Mill. | kahrutakjas | bear burr | Estonian | Se | shape and surface | [58] |
Arctopus spp. | Arctopus L. | medvjeđa šapa | bear paw | Croatian | no location | shape?, surface?, Latin calque? | |
Arctostaphylos spp. | Arctostaphylos L. | мeдвeдильник | bear plant | Russian | Ural | Latin calque? | [57] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | Rrush arushe; Rrush harushe | bear grape | Albanian | North Albania, Kosovo | bear food | [136] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | ayïġulaγï | bear’s ear | Azeri | shape | [6] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | ayïgäghï | bear ear | Azeri | shape | [171] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos | мядзвeджыя вушкi | bear little ears | Belarussian | Grodn. | bear food? status-? | [79] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos | мядзвeджыя вушкi | bear little ears | Belarussian | Minsk. | bear food? status-? | [79] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Spreng. | мeчe гpoздe | bear grapes | Bulgarian | Latin calque | [86] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | medveje grozje | bear grapes | Croatian | Podvežica | Latin calque | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvjedika | bear plant | Croatian | no location | Latin calque | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. (Arctostaphylos officinalis Wimm. et Grab.) | medvjedica | she-bear | Croatian | no location | Latin calque | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos | medvjedica | she-bear | Croatian | no location | Latin calque | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvjetka | bear plant | Croatian | no location | Latin calque? | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | nedvědice | bear plant | Czech | Latin calque? | ||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvědík | little bear | Czech | bear food? status-? | [61] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvědí hrozen | bear grapes | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvědí hrozny | bear grapes | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | bjørnebaer | bear berry | Danish | Denmark | Latin calque | [187] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karukobar, karukobarad | bear cluster(s) | Estonian | Latin calque | [64] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karupohlad | bear lingonberry | Estonian | Vig | inedibility | [64] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karuviinapuu-marjalehed | bear grapetree berries leaves | Estonian | Latin calque | [64] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karulehed, kahruliht | bear leaves | Estonian | Vig, Har | Latin calque | [64] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karupuhulgalehed | bear lingonberry leaves | Estonian | Latin calque | [64] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karutee | bear tea | Estonian | Latin calque | [64] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karukapsas | bear cabbage | Estonian | Rap | Latin calque | [58] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karukõrvad | bear ears | Estonian | Nrv | Latin calque | [58] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | uë ursine | bear bilberry | Friulian | Friuli, north-eatern Italy | bear food? | [153] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | pirusiel da l'ors | bear bilberry | Friulian | Carnia, Friuli, north-eastern Italy | status- | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | Bären-Chris | ? | German, non specified | not specified | Latin calque | [65] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylus uva-ursi | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | Latin calque | [65] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Artostaphylus uva-ursi | Barentraube | bear grape | German, non specified | not specified | Latin calque | [65] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | Bärenbeere | bear berry | German, non specified | not specified | Latin calque | [65] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | medvegerezd | bear’s slice | Hungarian | Transylvania | wild | [150] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | karhumarja | bear berry | Izhorian | Latin calque | [56] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | uva d'urso; uva ursina; uva urzina; evæ orsina; uva mursine; uvæ orsina; uva urzinæ; uvettæ dë l'ursë | bear grape | Italian, central and southern | Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status- | ([90], Cianfaglione unpublished) |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | ua orsina | bear bilberry | Italian, northern | Istria, Friuli, northern Italy | wild, status- | [153] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | ciate d'ors | bear feet | Italian, northern | Arco area, Trentino, north-eatern Italy | shape | [115] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | brussei de l'orso | bear bilberries | Italian, northern | Primiero area, Trentino, north-eastern Italy | status- | [115] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | uva dl'ours | bear grape | Italian, northern | Cuneo area, Piedmont, north-western Italy | wild, status- | [115] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | granteni d'ors; broc da l'ors | bear lingonberries | Italian, northern | Pinè and Val Rendena, Trentino, north-eastern Italy | status- | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | pan d'ors | bear bread | Italian, northern | Bergamo area, Lombardy, northern Italy | bear food | [74] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | uga d'ursu | bear grape | Italian, northern | Chiavari area, Liguria, north-western Italy | wild, status- | [74] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | uga dell'orso | bear grape | Italian, northern | Sondrio area, Lombardy, northern Italy | wild, status- | [74] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | ova orsèina | bear grape | Italian, northern | Reggio area, Emilia, northern Italy | wild, status- | [74] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | cerasella d'orso | bear hawthorn berry | Italian, southern | Terra di Lavoro area, southern Italy | status-, bear food? | [74] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | garnate del óurs; garnéte de órs; granats dl'aurs; granate de l'ours | bear bilberries | Ladin | Val Cordevole, Val di Fassa, Val Badia and Val Gardena, Veneto and Trentino, north-eastern Italy | Latin calque?, status-? | [207] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. | meškos ausys | bear ears | Lithuanian | Lithuania | shape, bear food | [87] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | мeдвeжий винoгpaд | bear grapes | Northern Russian | Vologda | Latin calque | [57] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | bjørnebær | bear berry | Norwegian | Eidskog, Budal | Latin calque | [80] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | mącznica niedzwiedziny | bear mealberry | Polish | bear food? status-? | [116] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | niedźwiedzie grono | bear grapes | Polish | shape | [72] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | вeдмeжьи ушки | bear little ears | Russian | Middle Ob region | bear food? status-? | [101] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Russian | Middle Ob region | bear food? status-? | [101] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | мeдвeжьe ушкo | bear little ear | Russian | Middle Ob region | bear food? status-? | [101] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | мeдвeжья ягoдa | bear berry | Russian | Middle Ob region | Latin calque? | [101] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (?) | мeдвeдильник | bear plant | Russian | Ural | Latin calque? | [181] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. | мeдвeжьи ушки | bear little ears | Russian | Ural | Latin calque? | [181] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi L. | мeдвeдзoвo уxo | bear ear | Ruthenian | Vojvodina | bear food? status-? | [125] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | мeдвeђe гpoжђe | bear grapes | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | мeдвeткa | bear plant | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | мeдвиjeдицa | she-bear | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | мeдвeдoвo уxo | bear ear | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | мeчиje гpoжђe | bear grapes | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque? | [84] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos | medvedica | she-bear | Slovak | Slovakia | Latin calque? | [62] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos | nedvedica | she-bear | Slovak | Slovakia | Latin calque? | [62] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvedovo uho | bear ear | Slovenian | bear food? status-? | [89] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvedove črešnje | bear sweet cherries | Slovenian | Latin calque? | [89] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvedji grozdič | bear grapes | Slovenian | Latin calque | ||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | medvedje uho | bear ear | Slovenian | Latin calque? | ||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | medvedovo grozdjiče | bear grapes | Slovenian | Latin calque | ||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos | mjedwjedźica | she-bear | Sorbian | Latin calque? | [186] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | holanska mjedwjedźica | forest she-bear | Sorbian | Latin calque? | [186] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Norrbotten | Latin calque | [155] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | björnebär | bear berry | Swedish | Sör-Tröndelag | Latin calque | [155] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | ayı üzümü | bear grape | Turkish | Anatolia | bear food | [160] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arbutus uva ursi | ayı üzümü | bear grape | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, bear food | [59] |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | вушкo вeдмeжe | bear ear | Ukrainian | bear food? status-? | [180] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | мeдвeжий винoгpaд | bear grapes | Ukrainian | Latin calque | ||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | мeдвeжi ягoди | bear berries | Ukrainian | Latin calque | ||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | ушкo мeдвeжe | bear ear | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | bear food? status-? | [180] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | мeдвeжинa | bear plant | Ukrainian, East-Polessian | bear food? status-? | [180] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | мeдвeдячi ягiдки | bear berries | Ukrainian, Pokutje-Bukovina | Bukovina | Latin calque? | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi Spr. | уxo мeдвeжe | bear ear | Ukrainian, Volhynian | bear food? status-? | [180] | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng. | mjedwjedźica | she-bear | Upper-Sorbian | Latin calque? | [121] | |
Arctotis spp. | Arctotis | Bärenohr | bear ear | German, non specified | not specified | Latin calque | [65] |
Arctotis spp. | Arctotis sp. | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | shape | [171] | |
Arctotis spp. | Arctotis sp. | ayï otu | bear’s grass | Turkish | ? | [171] | |
Arctotis spp. | Arctotis sp. | ayıkulaği | bear’s ear | Turkish | shape | [6] | |
Arctotis spp. | Arctotis sp. | ayï pencesi | bear’s foot | Turkmen | shape | [171] | |
Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J. Bergius | Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J. Bergius | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Anatolia | shape | [226] |
Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J. Bergius | Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J. Bergius | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Anatolia | shape | [226] |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpina | Bärenbeere | bear berry | German, non specified | not specified | Latin calque | [65] |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpinus (L.) Spreng. | uga dell'orso salvatico | wild bear grape | Italian, northern | Sondrio area, Lombardy, northern Italy | status- | [74] |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpinus | guovžžalasta | bear leaf | North Saami | ? | [129] | |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpine | guovžžamuorji | bear berry | North Saami | ? | [212] | |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpina | björnebär | bear berry | Norwegian | Vest-Agder | Latin calque | [155] |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpine | bjønnbær | bear berry | Norwegian | Ranen, Northern Norway | Latin calque | |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpina | hórska mjedwjedźica | mountain she-bear | Sorbian | Latin calque? | [186] | |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpinus | bïernenmuerjie | bear berry | South Saami | Latin calque | [170] | |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpine | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | North Lapland | status- | [15] |
Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. | Arctostaphylos alpina | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Lappland | status- | [155] |
Arctous spp. | Arctous | medvedík | little bear | Slovak | Slovakia | Latin calque? | [62] |
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott | Arum triphyllum | medvědí kořen | bear root | Czech | ? | [61] | |
Aristolochia clematitis L. | Aristolochia clematitis | medvedova grašca | bear vetch | Slovenian | bear food? | ||
Aristolochia clematitis L. | Aristolochia clematitis | medvedova grašica | bear vetch | Slovenian | bear food? | ||
Arum italicum Mill. | Arum italicum Mill. | мeчe вpeтeнo | bear spindle | Bulgarian | Berkovica area | shape, size | [86] |
Arum maculatum L. | Arum maculatum All. | мeчкинa пчeнкa | bear maize | Bulgarian | Kozica village, Kichevo area | shape | [86] |
Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald | Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald (Spiraea aruncus L.) | medvedovina | bear plant | Croatian | Hrvatsko zagorje | ? | |
Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald | Aruncus silvester | мeдвeдoвинa | bear plant | Serbo-Croat | ? | [84] | |
Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) H. Hara | Aruncus sylv. | Barenmutter-strauss | bear mother bouquet | German, non specified | not specified | folk etymology? | [65] |
Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) H. Hara | Aruncus silvester Kostel. = Spiraea aruncus | medvejka | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | ||
Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) H. Hara | Aruncus silvester Kostel. = Spiraea aruncus | medvedovo latje | bear stalks | Slovenian | ? | [89] | |
Aruncus sylvester Kostel. ex Maxim. | Spiraea aruncus | medvêjka | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | [149] | |
Aruncus sylvester Kostel. ex Maxim. | Spiraea aruncus | medvêjak | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | [149] | |
Asarum europaeum L. | Asarum europaeum L. | вeдмeжe вуxo | bear ear | Ukrainian, Podolian | Odessa | shape? | |
Asparagus officinalis L. | Asparagus officinalis L. | мeдвeдник | bear plant | Russian | Tobolsk area | size? | [218] |
Asparagus officinalis L. | Asparagus officinalis L. | мeдвeжник | bear plant | Russian | Tobolsk area | size? | [218] |
Asparagus officinalis L. | Asparagus officinalis L. | мeдвeдкa | bear plant | Russian | Bashkortostan | size? wild? | [57] |
Asparagus spp. | Asparagus L. | мeдвeжьe дepeвo | bear tree | Russian | Tobolsk area | size | [57] |
Asplenium scolopendrium L. | Scolopendrium vulgare | мeчjи jeзик | bear tongue | Serbo-Croat | shape? | [84] | |
Aster amellus L. | Aster amellus | ayıkulaği | bear’s ear | Turkish | shape | [6] | |
Astragalus glycyphyllos L. | Astragalus glyc. | Bärenklee | bear clover | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Astragalus glycyphyllos L. | Astragalus glycyph. | Bärenschote | bear pod | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Astragalus glycyphyllos L. | Astragalus glycyphyllus L. | koren medvedov | bear root | Slovenian | German calque | [144] | |
Athamanta cretensis L. | Athamanta cret. | Bärenwurz | bear root | German, non specified | not specified | shape?, surface? | [65] |
Atropa belladonna L. | Atropa belladona L. | мeчкини уши | bear ears | Bulgarian | shape, surface | [86] | |
Atropa belladonna L. | Atropa belladonna L. | karumustikas | bear blueberry | Estonian | Kan, Kul, Vai | folk etymology | |
Atropa belladonna L. | Atropa bell. | Bärenmutz | ? | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Atropa belladonna L. | Atropa bell. | Bärenwurz | bear root | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Atropa belladonna L. | Atropa belladonna L. | ayı çileği | bear strawberry | Turkish | Trabzon (NE Anatolia) | dangerousness | [227] |
Atropa belladonna L. | Atropa belladonna L. | ayı libargası | bear blueberry | Turkish/Laz language | Trabzon (NE Anatolia) | dangerousness | [227] |
Atropa belladonna L. | Atropa belladonna L. | ayı liforu | bear blueberry | Turkish/Laz language | Trabzon (NE Anatolia) | dangerousness | [227] |
Avena fatua L. | Avena fatua L. | karu-kaerad | bear oats | Estonian | inedibility | [73] | |
Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer | Deschampsia flexuosa | björnjägal | bear’s grass | Swedish | Northern Sweden | ? | [224] |
Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. | Helictotrichon pubescens (Huds.) Schult. & Schult.f. | karukaer, karu-kaer, kahrukaer | bear oat | Estonian | folk etymology | [73] | |
Begonia metallica W.G.Sm. | Begonia metallica G. Smith. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Russian | Middle Ob region | surface | [101] |
Bidens tripartita L. | Bidens tripartita L. | вeдмeжи ушки | bear little ears | Ukrainian | Zhitomir | shape? | [215] |
Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. | bjørnekam | bear comb | Norwegian | ? | [80] | |
Boletus edulis Bull. | Boletus edulis | мeдвeдки | bear plant | Central Russian | Novgorod | status + | [57] |
Boletus edulis Bull. | Boletus edulis | мeдвeжaник | bear plant | Central Russian | Tver | status + | [57] |
Boletus edulis Bull. | old Boletus ed. | мeдвeжaник | bear plant | Central Russian | Tver | status + | [57] |
Boletus edulis Bull. | old Boletus ed. | мeдвeжник | bear plant | Central Russian | Novgorod | status + | [57] |
Boletus edulis Bull. | Boletus edulis and other Boletus spp. | medvegomba | bear’s mushroom | Hungarian | Tatrang, Csík, Sepsiszentgyörgy, Csinód, Gyimesfelsőlok (Transylvania) | surface | ([99, 100, 204], Molnár and Babai unpublished, Frendl, Papp unpublished) |
Boletus edulis Bull. | old Boletus ed. | мeдвeдoвик | bear plant | Northern Russian | Vologda | size? status +? | [57] |
Boletus edulis Bull. | Boletus edulis | мeдвeжины | bear plant | Northern Russian | Vologda | status +? | [57] |
Boletus edulis Bull. | Boletus edulis | мeдвeжник | bear plant | Northern Russian | Olonets, North | status+? | [57] |
Boletus edulis Bull. | Boletus edulis Bull. | мeдвeдapa | bear plant | Serbo-Croat | ? | [84] | |
Boletus edulis Bull. | Boletus edulis Bull. | ayıköşkü mantarı | bear pavilion mushroom | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, size | [146] |
Boletus satanas Lenz | Boletus satanas Lenz | мeдвeдapa | bear plant | Serbo-Croat | dangerousness (toxic)? | [84] | |
Boletus spp. | Boletus Fr. | ayı mantarı | bear mushroom | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, size | [146] |
Borago officinalis L. | Borago officinalis L. | karurohi | bear grass | Estonian | Trm | surface | [58] |
Bovista plumbea Pers. | Bovista plumbea Pers. | sloffa d'ors | bear puffball | Italian, northern | Trento area, Trentino, northern Italy | size | [74] |
Briza media L. | Briza media L. | karukaer | bear oats | Estonian | inedibility | Kalle and Sõukand unpublished | |
Bromus arvensis L. | Bromus arvensis L. | kahrukaar | bear oat | Estonian | Ote | inedibility | [58] |
Bromus hordeaceus L. | Bromus hordeaceus L. | karukaer | bear oats | Estonian | Kuu | inedibility | [58] |
Bromus secalinus L. | Bromus secalinus L. | karukaer, karukaur, karukaar, karukaeras, karukael, karukaerad, kahrukaar | bear oats | Estonian | general | inedibility | |
Bromus secalinus L. | Bromus secalinus L. | karhunkaatar | bear oat | Izhorian | inedibility | [56] | |
Bryophyta | moss | мeдвeдяник | bear plant | Central Russian | Tver | surface? | [57] |
Bryophyta | moss | мeдвeжaтник | bear plant | Northern Russian | Karelia, Novgorod region | surface? | [141] |
Bryophyta | moss | мeдвeжий мox | bear moss | Northern Russian | Karelia | surface? | [141] |
Bryophyta | moss | мeдвeжник | bear plant | Northern Russian | Karelia | surface? | [57] |
Bryum spp. | Bryum ssp | karusammal | bear moss | Estonian | folk etymology | [56] | |
Cactaceae spp. | cactus | мeдвeжья лaпa | bear paw | Russian | Novosibirsk | shape (thorny) | [57] |
Calla palustris L. | Calla palustris | мeдвeжья лaпкa | bear little paw | Belarussian | Smol. | shape | [157] |
Calla palustris L. | Calla palustris L. | мeдвeжьи лaпы | bear paws | Northern Russian | Kostroma | shape? | [57] |
Calla palustris L. | Calla palustris | bjønnblekker | bear leaves | Norwegian | southern Norway | shape? | [80] |
Caltha palustris L. | Caltha palustris L. | мядзвeжaя лaпкa | bear little paw | Belarussian | Smol., Gomel. | shape | [79] |
Caltha palustris L. | Caltha palustris L. | karukoll | bear ogre | Estonian | Hlj | folk etymology | [58] |
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. | Calystegia sepium L. | bearbind | bearbind | Eng. Southern | Kent, Surrey, Middlesex, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire, Herefordshire | folk etymology | [45] |
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. | Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. | karhunköynnös | bear garland | Finnish | Hiit | ? | [82] |
Campanula glomerata L. | Campanula glomerata L. | karukübar | bear hat | Estonian | Ksi, Pal | folk etymology | [58] |
Campanula glomerata L. | Campanula glomerata L. | karukatel | bear kettle | Estonian | Pal | folk etymology | [58] |
Campanula patula L. | Campanula patula L. | karukellad | bear bells | Estonian | Mar | folk etymology | [58] |
Campanula persicifolia L. | Campanula persicifolia L. | karukell | bear bell | Estonian | Pal | folk etymology | [58] |
Campanula persicifolia L. | Campanula persicifolia L. | karukatlad | bear kettle | Estonian | Jõe | folk etymology | [58] |
Campanula rotundifolia L. | Campanula rotundifolia L. | karukell | bear bell | Estonian | Pal | folk etymology | [58] |
Campanula spp. | Campanula spp | karukellad | bear bells | Estonian | Lai | folk etymology | [58] |
Campanula spp. | Campanula spp | karukatlad | bear kettle | Estonian | Plt | folk etymology | [58] |
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. | Capsella bursa pastoris Moench | мeчкaнa дупкa | bear hole | Bulgarian | Goce Delchev | ? | [85] |
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. | Capsella bursa pastoris L. | мeчкинa дупкa | bear hole | Macedonian | Nevrokop region | ? | [179] |
Carduus crispus L. | Carduus crispus L. | karuohakas, karuuhakas, karuohtja | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | general | size, shape | [58] |
Carduus personata (L.) Jacq. | Carduus personatus | medvesaláta | bear’s lattice | Hungarian | Gyimes (Transylvania) | bear food | |
Carduus spp. | Carduus ssp. | karuohakad, karuohtjad | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | size, shape | [64] | |
Carex davalliana Sm. | Carex davalliana Sm. | karulakk | bear mane | Estonian | Mih, Lih, Kse, Han, Var, Tõs | shape | |
Carlina acanthifolia All. | Carlina acanthifolia All. (incl. subsp. utzka (Hacq.) Meusel & Kästner) | rapa d'orse | bear turnip | Italian, southern | Scanno area (L'Aquila), Abruzzo, central Italy | bear food? | [90] |
Carlina vulgaris L. | Carlina vulgaris L. | karune ohak | beary (hairy) thistle | Estonian | Phl | shape | [58] |
Caucalis platycarpos L. | Caucalis lappula | medvetalp | bear’s paw | Hungarian | Moldva (East-Romania) | ? | [78] |
Centaurea jacea L. | Centaurea jacea L. | karukellad | bear bells | Estonian | Lüg | surface | [58] |
Centaurea phrygia L. | Centaurea phrygia L. | мeдвeдник | bear plant | Central Russian | Nizhni Novgorod. | shape? | [57] |
Centaurea scabiosa L. | Centaurea scabiosa L. | мeдвeжья лaпa | bear paw | Central Russian | Pskov | shape | [57] |
Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. | Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. | karusammal | bear moss | Estonian | folk etymology | [64] | |
Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. | Cetraria isl. | Bärengeist | bear brandy | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Chaerophyllum aromaticum L. | Chärophyllum arom. | Bärengiersch | bear ground elder | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub | Epilobium angustifolium L. | karukanep | bear cannabis | Estonian | Vil | folk etymology | [58] |
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub | Epilobium angustifolium | boelt’aajjankraesie | bear grass | South Saami | ? | [148] | |
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. Barton | Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C.Barton | karhunkukka | bear flower | Finnish | Holl | ? | [82] |
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. Barton | Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. | мeдвeжьи ушки | bear little ears | Russian | Middle Ob region | shape? | [101] |
Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. | Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. | radicio de l'urs | bear chicory | Italian, northern | Trentino and Friuli regions, north-eastern Italy | bear food | Pieroni unpublished |
Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. | Lactuca alpina | björnkål | bear cabbage | Swedish | Lappland, Ångermanland | bear food | [155] |
Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. | Lactuca alpina = Cicerbita alpina | björntorta | bear plant | Swedish | Dalarna | bear food | [155] |
Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. | Cicerbita alpina | björnkål | bear cabbage | Swedish | Lappland, Ångermanland | bear food? | [155] |
Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. | Cicerbita alpina | björngräs | bear grass | Swedish | Lappland, Västerbotten+H295 | bear food? | |
Cirsium acaule (L.) A.A.Weber ex Wigg. | Cirsium acaule (L.) A.A.Weber ex Wigg. | karuohakas | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | Mih | shape | [58] |
Cirsium acaule (L.) A.A.Weber ex Wigg. | Cirsium acaule (L.) A.A.Weber ex Wigg. | karuuhakad | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | Hag, Jür, Kos, Mar | shape | [58] |
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. | Cirsium spp. arvense (L.) Scop. | karuohakad, karused uhakad, karuuhak, karuohtjas, karuõhakas | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | general | shape | |
Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop. | Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop. | talpe d'ors salvadie | wild bear poplar | Friulian | Friuli, north-eastern Italy | bear food? | [74] |
Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop. | Cirsium erisithales | medvesaláta | bear’s lattice | Hungarian | Gyimes (Transylvania) | bear food | |
Cirsium helenioides (L.) Hill | Cirsium heterophyllum L. | bjønnetunge | bear tongue | Norwegian | Oppland | ? | [80] |
Cirsium helenioides (L.) Hill | Cirsium heterophyllum L. | bjønnskor | bear shoes | Norwegian | Fitjar | ? | [80] |
Cirsium helenioides (L.) Hill | Cirsium heterophyllum L. | bjønnehatt | bear hat | Norwegian | ? | [80] | |
Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. | Cirsium oleraceum Scop. | мeдвeжник бoлoтный | swamp bear plant | Central Russian | Pskov | shape, surface | [57] |
Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. | Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. | karukapsad | bear cabbage | Estonian | shape | [201] | |
Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. | Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. | karuohakas, karuuhak, karuohtja, karuohass, kahruohass | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | general | shape | [58] |
Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. | Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. | talpe d'ors | bear poplar | Friulian | Friuli, north-eastern Italy | bear food? | [74] |
Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. | Cirsium oleraceum | medvesaláta | bear’s lattice | Hungarian | Gyimes (Transylvania) | bear food | |
Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. | Cirsium palustre (L.) Coss. ex Scop. | karuuhak, karuohakas, karuohtjas, niidu-karuohtja, kahruohtja, etc | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | general | shape | [58] |
Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. | Cirsium rivulare | medvesaláta | bear’s lattice | Hungarian | Gyimes (Transylvania) | bear food | |
Cirsium spp. | Cirsium sp. | ayïwbastiken | bear’s head | Kazakh | Xinjiang | shape? | [6] |
Cirsium spp. | Cirsium | björnborst | bear bristle | Swedish | Jämtland | shape | [155] |
Cirsium spp. | Cirsium | björntistel | bear thistle | Swedish | Nyland | shape | [155] |
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. | Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. | karuohakas, karuuhal, karuohtjas, karuuhtke, karuohe, karuuhakas, karuokas, kahro ohhak, kahru-uhak, etc | bear thistle, bear thorn | Estonian | general | shape | |
Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo | Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vězda, 1971 | karusammal | bear moss | Estonian | folk etymology | [56] | |
Clavaria arbuscula Scop. | Clavaria arbuscula | medvedove grive | bear mane | Slovenian | shape? | [84] | |
Clavaria botrytis Pers. | Clavaria botrytis | medvedje šapke | bear little paws | Slovenian | shape? | [84] | |
Clavaria coralloides L. | Clavaria coralloides L. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear step | Bulgarian | Omurtag | shape, size | [85] |
Clavaria flava Schaeff. | Clavaria flava | мeчja шaпa | bear paw | Serbo-Croat | shape? | [84] | |
Clavaria spp. | Clavaria | Bärenpfote | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Clavaria spp. | Clavaria | roggene Bärenpratze | ? | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Clavaria spp. | Clavaria | Bärentatze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. | Claviceps purpurea | мeдвeжий нoгoть | bear fingernail | Northern Russian | Karelia | colour, shape | [141] |
Clematis spp. | Clematis spp. ? | aussara, autsàra, auttsàra, aursàra, attsara; ussarèddha | little female bear | Sardinian | Ogliastra, eastern Sardinia | ? | [142] |
Clematis vitalba L. | Clematis vitalba L. | bearbind | bearbind | Eng. Southern | Kent | folk etymology | [46] |
Colchicum autumnale L. | Colchicum aut. | Bärenklachel | ? | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Colchicum cilicicum (Boiss.) Dammer | Colchicum cilicicum (Boiss.) Dammer | ayı çiğdemi | bear colchicum | Turkish | S Anatolia | size | [146] |
Colchicum cilicicum (Boiss.) Dammer | Colchicum cilicicum (Boiss.) Dammer | ayı çiğdemi | bear colchicum | Turkish | Gaziantep (SE Anatolia) | size | [242] |
Comarum palustre L. | Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. | karhunkämmen | bear palm | Finnish | Pielav | ? | [82] |
Comarum palustre L. | Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. | karhunmansikka | bear strawberry | Finnish | Keit | inedibility | [82] |
Comarum palustre L. | Comarum palustre | björnklo | bear claw | Swedish | Jämtland | shape | [155] |
Conium maculatum L. | Conium maculatum | мeдвeжья дудкa | bear pipe | Russian | Ural | wild, size | [181] |
Consolida regalis Gray | Delphinium consolida L. | мeчини oчи | bear eys | Bulgarian | Bosilegrad (Serb.) | fruit shape and surface | [86] |
Convallaria spp. | Convallaria L. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Northern Russian | Olonets | shape? | [57] |
Convolvulus arvensis L. | Convolvulus arvensis L. | bearbind | bearbind | Eng. Northern | Yorkshire | folk etymology | [46] |
Cornus alba L. | Svida alba (L.) Opiz. | мeдвeжья ягoдa | bear berry | Russian | Middle Ob region | inedibility | [101] |
Cornus suecica L. | Cornus suecica L. | karhunmarja | bear berry | Finnish | Pielav | folk etymology | [82] |
Cornus suecica L. | Cornus suecica L. | karhunpuola | bear lingonberry | Finnish | Palt | folk etymology | [82] |
Cornus suecica L. | Cornus suecica | björnebär | bear berry | Norwegian | Östfold, Akershus, Hedmark, Telemark, Sogn Og Fjordane, Möre Og Romsdal, Sör-Tröndelag | ? | [155] |
Cornus suecica L. | Cornus suecica L. | bjørnebær | bear berry | Norwegian | Askim, Southern Høland, Southern Odal; Hjartadal, Aurland, Ytterøy | ? | [80] |
Corylus colurna L. | Coryllus colurna L. | Lejthi arushe | bear hazelnut | Albanian | Kosovo | inedibility | [95] |
Corylus colurna L. | Corylus colurna L. | мeчa лecкa | bear hazelnut tree | Bulgarian | shape | [86] | |
Corylus colurna L. | Corylus colurna | мeдвjeђa лиjecкa | bear hazel | Serbo-Croat | size? | [84] | |
Corylus colurna L. | Corylus colurna | мeчja лecкa | bear hazel | Serbo-Croat | size? | [84] | |
Corylus colurna L. | Corylus colurna L. | ayı fındığı | bear hazelnut | Turkish | Anatolia | size | [93] |
Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay | Anthemis tinctoria L. | kahro karri kakra, karro karri kakra | bear daisy | Estonian | surface | ||
Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay | Anthemis tinctoria L. | päiväkarud | day's bears | Estonian | Jõh | surface | [58] |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | мeчи ябълки | bear apples | Bulgarian | bear food | [86] | |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyac. | Bärenbrot | bear bread | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha L. | pomatoi d'ors | bear fruit | Italian, northern | Giudicarie area, Trentino, north-eatern Italy | bear food? | [115] |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha L. | pomele de ors | bear fruit | Italian, northern | Lavis, Trentino, north-eastern Italy | bear food? | [115] |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha L. | spin d'ors | bear thorn | Italian, northern | Belluno area, Veneto, northern Italy | wild | [74] |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha L. | pan d'orsèr; pan d'ors | bear bread | Italian, northern | Belluno area, Veneto and Trentino, northern Italy | bear food | |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha | medvêdnik | bear plant | Slovenian | status-? | [149] | |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha | medvednek | bear plant | Slovenian | status-? | ||
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha | medvedova hrušca | bear pear | Slovenian | status-? | ||
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha | medvedova hrušica | bear pear | Slovenian | status-? | ||
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Crataegus oxyacantha | medvedove hruške | bear pears | Slovenian | status-? | ||
Crataegus spp. | Crataegus spp. | pirigli de li ursi | little bear pear | Italian, southern | Lucoli and Marsica souroundings (L'Aquila), Abruzzo, central Italy | bear food? | ([90], Cianfaglione unpublished) |
Cyclamen cilicium Boiss. & Heldr. | Cyclamen cilicium Boiss. & Heldr. | ayı pancarı | bear beet | Turkish | Karaman (S Anatolia) | size, status- (tuber) | [92] |
Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton | Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton | orecchia d'orso | bear ear | Italian, central | Tuscany, central Italy | shape | [74] |
Cynoglossum creticum Mill. | Cynoglossum creticum Mill. | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Anatolia | shape | [92] |
Cynoglossum officinale L. | Cynoglossum officinale L. | мeдвeжe вушкo | bear little ear | Ukrainian, Volhynian | Vinnitsa | shape? | |
Cypripedium calceolus L. | Cypripedium calceolus L. | karu-ummisking | bear shoe with closed toe | Estonian | Mih | folk etymology | [58] |
Dactylis glomerata L. | Dactylis glom. | Bärentappe | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape and surface? | [65] |
Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó | Orchis maculata L. | scrinfe dl'óurs | bear feet | Ladin | Livinallongo, Veneto, north-eastern Italy | ? | [115] |
Daphne mezereum L. | Daphne mezereum | meškalunkis | bear meadow | Lithuanian | Lithuania | dangerousness, bear food | [192] |
Daphne mezereum L. | Daphne mezereum | мeдвeжья ягoдa | bear berry | Northern Russian | Karelia | dangerousness (toxic) | [141] |
Daphne mezereum L. | Daphne mezereum | мeдвeжник | bear plant | Northern Russian | Karelia | dangerousness (toxic) | [141] |
Daphne mezereum L. | Daphne mezereum | мeчja ликa | bear bast | Serbo-Croat | dangerousness (toxic)? | [84] | |
Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy | Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Borbás | granë dell'urse | bear wheat | Italian, southern | Rocca Pia (L'Aquila), Abruzzo, central Italy | bear food? | [90] |
Delphinium spp. | Delphinium | мeдвиje уxo | bear ear | Serbo-Croat | shape? | [84] | |
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. | Deschampsia cespitosa | björngägal | bear grass | Swedish | Västerbotten | ? | [154] |
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. | Aira caespito | björnjägal | bear’s grass | Swedish | Northern Sweden | ? | [224] |
Digitalis ferruginea L. | Digitalis ferruginea ssp. schischkinii | ayı mısırı | bear corn | Turkish | Trabzon (NE Anatolia) | shape | [227] |
Digitalis grandiflora Mill. | Digitalis grandiflora (= Digitalis ambigua) | meškos taurė | bear cup | Lithuanian | Lithuania | dangerousness, bear food | |
Digitalis purpurea L. | Digitalis purpurea | björneblomst | bear flower | Norwegian | Rogaland | ? | [155] |
Digitalis purpurea L. | Digitalis purpurea | bjørneblomst | bear flower | Norwegian | Sauda | ? | [80] |
Digitalis purpurea L. | Digitalis purpurea | bjønnehanskje | bear glove | Norwegian | Sunnfjord | ? | [80] |
Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin | Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin | ayı baklası | bear vetch | Turkish | Bartın (NW Anatolia) | shape | [227] |
Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn | Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn | ayı soğanı | bear bulb | Turkish | Muğla (SW Anatolia) | size | [147] |
Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn | Urginea maritima | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | S Anatolia | shape | [226] |
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott | Aspidium fil.-mas | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott | Aspidium fil.-mas | Bärenwurz | bear root | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott | Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott | ayıdöşeği | bear mattress | Turkish | Hasanbeyli-Adana (S. Anatolia) | shape | [198] |
Dryopteris spp. | Dryopteris spp. | karukaatet | bear cover or isolation? | Ingrian | ? | [56] | |
Dryopteris spp. | Dryopteris spp. | karukaattet | bear cover or isolation? | Ingrian | ? | [56] | |
Dryopteris spp. | Dryopteris spp | karhunkaaded | bear cover or isolation? | Izhorian | ? | [56] | |
Echium italicum L. | Echium italicum | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Muğla (SW Anatolia) | shape | [227] |
Echium vulgare L. | Echium vulgare L. | karukellad | bear bells | Estonian | Ksi | shape | [58] |
Echium vulgare L. | Echium vulgare L. | karulill | bear flower | Estonian | PJg | shape | [58] |
Echium vulgare L. | Echium vulgare L. | karukäpp | bear paw | Estonian | Kaa, Vil | shape | [58] |
Echium vulgare L. | Echium vulgare L. | karuhänd | bear tail | Estonian | Aud, Mih, Pär, Tõs | shape | [58] |
Echium vulgare L. | Echium vulgare L. | karuohakas | bear thistle | Estonian | Kei | shape | [58] |
Echium vulgare L. | Echium vulgare | medvedov rep | bear tail | Slovenian | shape? | ||
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum L. | karuleisik | bear bearberry | Estonian | Vig | folk etymology | [58] |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum L. | karumarjad, kahro marja | bears's berry | Estonian | Kam | folk etymology | |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum L. | karumustikad, karumustikas | bear blackberry | Estonian | Vig | folk etymology | ([58], Sõukand and Kalle unpublished) |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum L. | karhunmarja, karhunmarjoja | bear berry | Finnish | Räis, Sakk | folk etymology | |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum L. | karhun mustikka | bear blackberry | Finnish | Sakk | folk etymology | |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum | meškuogė | bear berries | Lithuanian | Lithuania | bear food | |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum L. | bjønnebær | bear berry | Norwegian | southern Norway | bear food? | [80] |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum L. | мeдвeжьи ягoды | bear berries | Russian | Tobolsk area | wild? status-? | [218] |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum nigrum | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Dalarna | bear food? | [155] |
Empetrum nigrum L. | Empetrum hermafroditum Hagerup | björnbär | bear berries | Swedish | northern Sweden | status- | [54] |
Enkianthus spp. | Enxyanthus | medvjedica | she-bear | Croatian | no location | ?, surface? | |
Epilobium hirsutum L. | Epilobium hirsutum L. | kahruliht | bear leaves | Estonian | Har | surface | [58] |
Equisetum arvense L. | Equisetum arvense L. | мeчe вpeтeнo | bear spindle | Bulgarian | shape of spike | [86] | |
Equisetum arvense L. | Equisetum arvense L. | kahrutilk | bear drop | Estonian | Se | folk etymology | [58] |
Equisetum arvense L. | Equisetum arvense | medvebajusz | bear’s moustache | Hungarian | Csinód (Transylvania) | shape | Frendl and Papp unpublished |
Equisetum arvense L. | Equisetum arvense | medveszakála, medveszakálla | bear’s beard | Hungarian | Moldva (East-Romania) | shape | [78] |
Equisetum arvense L. | Equisetum arvense | medvefarka | bear’s tail | Hungarian | Moldva (East-Romania) | shape | [78] |
Equisetum arvense L. | Equisetum arvense L. | meškabarzdė | bear beard | Lithuanian | Lithuania | shape, bear food | [177] |
Equisetum arvense L. | Equisetum arvense | bjornbar | bear berry | Swedish | Ångermanland | ? | [220] |
Equisetum spp. | Equisetum L. | мeчe вpeтeнo | bear spindle | Bulgarian | shape of spike | [86] | |
Erica herbacea L. | Erica herbacea L. | Bar i ariut | bear grass | Albanian | Albania-Kolonjë | ? | [136] |
Eryngium planum L. | Eryngium planum L. | вeдмeдиця | she-bear | Ukrainian, Slobozhanian | shape? | ||
Euonymus verrucosus Scop. | Evonymus verrucosa Scop. | мeдвeжник | bear plant | Central Russian | Nizhni Novgorod | ? | [57] |
Euphorbia cyparissias L. | Euphorbia cyp. | Bärenmutter-gras | bear mother grass | German, non specified | not specified | folk etymology? | [65] |
Euphorbia myrsinites L. | Euphorbia myrsinites L. | мeчe pунo | bear fleece | Bulgarian | Stara Zagora area | surface, shape | [86] |
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve | Polygonum convolvulus L. | bearbind | bearbind | Eng. Midlands | Staffordshire | folk etymology | [45] |
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. | Filipendula ulm. | Barenmutter-strauss | bear mother bouquet | German, non specified | not specified | folk etymology? | [65] |
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. | Spiraea (= Filipendula) ulmaria | medvejno latje | bear stalks | Slovenian | bear food? | [89] | |
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. | Spiraea filipendula | medvejka | bear plant | Slovenian | bear food? | [89] | |
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | Foenicullum vulgare Miller. | meškakrapis | bear dill | Lithuanian | Lithuania | surface, bear food | |
Fragaria vesca L. | Fragaria vesca L. | мeчи ягoди | bear strawberries | Bulgarian | Ihtiman area | bear food | [86] |
Galium aparine L. | Galium aparine L. | karune virn, karuvirn, karune virnirohi, karuvirn | bear pile | Estonian | western Estonia and Isles | surface | [58] |
Galium aparine L. | Galium aparine L. | karuserohud | beary grass | Estonian | Mih | surface | [58] |
Galium boreale L. | Galium boreale L. | karukaer | bear oats | Estonian | Äks | folk etymology | [58] |
Galium verum L. | Galium verum | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Galium verum L. | Galium verum | мeчje увo | bear ear | Serbo-Croat | ? | [84] | |
Gentiana pneumonanthe L. | Gentiana pneumonanthe | björnblomma | bear flower | Swedish | Småland | status- | [155] |
Geranium phaeum L. | Gaillardia, Geranium phaeum | Bärenäugelchen | little bear eyes | German, non specified | not specified | shape | [65] |
Geranium pratense L. | Geranium pratense L. | мeдвeжья лaпa | bear paw | Central Russian | Vladimir | shape? | [57] |
Geranium robertianum L. | Geranium robertianum | bjødnablomster | bear flower | Norwegian | Balestrand | ? | [80] |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karulilled | bear flowers | Estonian | Kei | surface | [58] |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karusukapaelad, karusäärepaelad | bear garters, bear shank's ribbon | Estonian | JMd, Rap, Tür | surface | [58] |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karukäpp | bear paw | Estonian | North Estonia | surface | [58] |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karumaasikad, karumarjad, karumulukas | bear strawberries, bear berries | Estonian | LNg | surface | [58] |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karukolluksed | bears's bells | Estonian | Kei | surface | [58] |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karukuljused | bears's bells | Estonian | Pal | surface | [58] |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karukell, pruun karukell | bear bell, brown bear bell | Estonian | North Estonia, Hää, Khk, Saa | surface | |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karhunkukka, karunkukka | bear flower | Ingrian | surface | [56] | |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale L. | karhunkukka | bear flower | Izhorian | surface | [56] | |
Geum rivale L. | Geum rivale | björntobak | bear tobacco | Swedish | Jämtland | status- | [155] |
Geum urbanum L. | Geum urbanum | мeчиja cтoпa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | shape? | [84] | |
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | Glycyrrhiza glabra | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Anatolia | shape | [226] |
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | Glycyrrhiza glabra | ayıkulaği | bear’s ear | Turkish | shape | [6] | |
GRASSES | grass straws left after mowing grass | björnhår | bear hair | Swedish | Western Finland | shape | [139] |
Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. | Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br. | karukäpp | bear paw | Estonian | LNg | ? | [58] |
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman | Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman | мeчa пaпpaт | bear fern | Bulgarian | shape, size | [86] | |
Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr. | Gyromitra esculenta (Pers. ex Pers.) Fr. | okš-šõrməz | bear septum | Livonian | shape? | [81] | |
Helleborus foetidus L. | Helleborus foetidus L. | he-barfoot | he-bear foot | Eng. Midland | Warwickshire | shape | [45] |
Helleborus foetidus L. | Helleborus foetidus L. | bear's foot | bear foot | Eng. Southern, Western, Midland, Northern | Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Yorkshire | shape | [45] |
Helleborus foetidus L. | Helleborus foet | Bärenklau, echte, italienische, Welsche | bear claw, true, Italian, ? | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Helleborus foetidus L. | Helleborus foet. | Bärenfuss | bear foot | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Helleborus viridis L. | Helleborus vir. | Bärenwurz | bear root | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Helleborus viridis subsp. occidentalis (Reut.) Schiffn. | Helleborus viridis L. ssp. occidentalis | she-barfoot | she-bear foot | Eng. Midland | Warwickshire | shape | [45] |
Helleborus viridis subsp. occidentalis (Reut.) Schiffn. | Helleborus viridis L. ssp. occidentalis | bear's foot | bear foot | Eng. Western | Gloucestershire | shape | [45] |
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier | Heracleum mantegazzianum Som. et Levier | karuputk | bear pipe | Estonian | general | folk etymology | Kalle and Sõukand unpublished |
Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. | Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. | karuputk | bear pipe | Estonian | general | folk etymology | Sõukand and Kalle unpublished |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | ayïpänġäsi | bear claw | Azeri | Latin calque | [171] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | ayïwtabanï | bear sole | Bashkir | Latin calque | [171] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum ternatum Velen. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear step | Bulgarian | Teteven area | shape, surface | [86] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | мeчи уши | bear ears | Bulgarian | shape, surface | [86] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum ternatum Velen. | мeчи уши | bear ears | Bulgarian | shape, surface | [86] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | upauri | bear foot | Chuvash | shape | [171] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | medvidovina | bear plant | Croatian | Devčićim near Krasna | Latin calque | [126] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | medviđa šapa | bear paw | Croatian | Krasna, Lica | Latin calque | [126] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | taca medvedova | bear paw | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | medvjeđi dlan | bear palm | Croatian | no location | Latin calque | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | stopa medvidnja | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | stopa medviđa | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | stopa medvinja | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | stopa medvjednja | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | stopa medvjeđa | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | stopa medvjeska | bear foot | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | medvědí pazneht | bear hoof | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | nedvědí paznecht | bear hoof | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | bjørnelab | bear claw | Danish | Denmark | Latin calque | [128] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | bjørneklo | bear claw | Danish | Denmark | Latin calque | [187] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | bear's breech | bear breech | Eng. Western | Somerset | surface | [45] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | karhunkämmen, karhunkämmen, carhuncämmen | bear palm | Finnish | size and surface | [82] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | talpe di ors | bear poplar | Friulian | Friuli, north-eastern Italy | status- | [74] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenpfote | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärentalpe | ? | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärentrappen | ? | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärentrasche | ? | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenkümmel | bear caraway | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenbletsche | ? | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenfuss | bear foot | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenklau, deutsche, unechte | bear claw, true, Italian, ? | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenlatsche | bear mountain pine | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenplampe | ? | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenpratze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärentappe | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärentatze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenbrand | bear brandy | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärlapp | bear club moss | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphond. | Bärenwurz | bear root | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | medvetalp | bear’s paw | Hungarian | Pusztina; Szigetköz; Felsőtárkány; Csíkszereda; Bácska-Bánát | shape | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | medveköröm | bear’s nail | Hungarian | no data (Hungary or Transylvania) | ? | [176] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | medvelapu | bear’s leaf | Hungarian | no data (Hungary or Transylvania) | size | [176] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | guovzzasámil | bear angelica | North Saami | ? | [129] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | nedvězie noha | bear leg | old-Czech | Latin calque | [72] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | nedvězí pazneht | bear hoof | old-Czech | Latin calque | [72] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | nedvězí paznoht | bear hoof | old-Czech | Latin calque | [72] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | nedvědí pazúr | bear claw | old-Czech | Latin calque | [72] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | nedvěnóžka | bear leg | old-Czech | Latin calque | [196] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium s.l. | łapa niedźwiedzia | bear paw | Polish | archival name | shape | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium s.l. | niedźwiedzia noga | bear leg | Polish | archival name | shape | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | niedźwiedzia stopa | bear foot | Polish | shape, Latin calque | [232] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | мeдвeжья лaпa | bear paw | Russian | Latin calque | [116] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | мeдвeжья cтoпa тpaвa | bear foot grass | Russian | Latin calque | [116] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | мeдвeдзoвa длaнь | bear palm | Ruthenian | Vojvodina | Latin calque? | [125] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | лaбa мeдвeдзoвa | bear paw | Ruthenian | Vojvodina | Latin calque? | [125] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвeђи длaн | bear palm | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвидњa cтoпa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвидњa cтупa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвиђa cтoпa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвиђa cтупa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвињa cтoпa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвињa cтупa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвjeдњa cтoпa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвjeдњa cтупa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвjeђa cтoпa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвjeђa cтупa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвjeђи длaн | bear palm | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвjecкa cтoпa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeдвjecкa cтупa | bear foot | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | мeчja шaпa | bear paw | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | medvedi noha | bear leg | Slovak | Slovakia | Latin calque | [62] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | nedvědínoga | bear leg | Slovak | Slovakia | Latin calque | [62] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | medvedova taca | bear paw | Slovenian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | medvedove tace | bear paws | Slovenian | Latin calque | [89] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | medvedova dlan | bear palm | Slovenian | Latin calque | ||
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | barowa pazora | bear claw | Sorbian | German calque? | [76] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | björnkummin | bear cummin | Swedish | Jämtland | ? | [155] |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | björnloka | bear plant | Swedish | ? | [54] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | ayaghï | bear foot | Tatar | Latin calque | [171] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | ayïwtabanï | bear sole | Tatar | Latin calque | [171] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | barjaca stopa | bear foot | Upper-Sorbian | Latin calque | [63] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | barjaca paca | bear paw | Upper-Sorbian | Latin calque | [63] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | barjace palcy | bear fingers | Upper-Sorbian | Latin calque | [63] | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | barjace pacy | bear paws | Upper-Sorbian | Bautzen | Latin calque | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium L. | barjace pazory | bear claws | Upper-Sorbian | Bautzen | Latin calque | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | Heracleum sphondylium | karuputkõ | bear plant | Votic | size and surface | [113] | |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karukapsalehed | bear cabbage leaves | Estonian | Vig | surface | [58] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karupill | bear pill | Estonian | Vll | surface | [58] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karuvile | bear whistle | Estonian | Käi | surface | [58] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karulik | like a bear | Estonian | Trt | surface | [58] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L., Branca ursi | karuputk, karuputked, karuputke, karuputkes, karroputk | bear pipe | Estonian | North Estonia | surface | |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karhunkämmen, karhun kämmen, carhun cämmen | bear palm | Finnish | Turku | size, surface | [82] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karhunurtti | bear herb | Finnish | surface | [82] | |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karhunputki | bear pipe | Finnish | many written records | surface | [82] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karunputki, karunputet | bear pipe(s) | Ingrian | surface | [56] | |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karhunputki, karuputki, karupuded | bear pipe | Izhorian | surface | [56] | |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | мeдвeжья лaпa | bear paw | Russian | Latin calque | [116] | |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum | мeчja шaпa вeликa | big bear paw | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum | björnloka | bear plant | Swedish | Gästrikland, Dalarna, Västmanland | ? | [155] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum | björnkummin | bear cummin | Swedish | Jämtland | ? | [155] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum | björnpipa | bear pipe | Swedish | Värmland, Västmanland | ? | [155] |
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. | Heracleum sibiricum L. | karuputked, karuputki, karu-pudgõd, karu-pudged, karuputke | bear pipe | Votic | surface | ||
Heracleum spp. | Heracleum L. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear step | Bulgarian | shape, surface | [86] | |
Heracleum spp. | Heracleum spp. | medvedska taca | bear paw | Croatian | Latin calque | [228] | |
Heracleum spp. | Heracleum ssp. | karuputked | bear pipes | Estonian | general | genera name borrowed from the one species | [56, Sõukand, Kalle unpubl] |
Heracleum spp. | Heracleum L. spp. | ramba de j'erse | bear claw | Italian, southern | Pietracamela (Teramo), Abruzzo, central Italy | shape | [90] |
Heracleum spp. | Heracleum | björnstut | bear toot | Swedish | Jämtland | ? | [155] |
Heracleum spp. | Heracleum ? | björnkål | bear cabbage | Swedish | Dalarna | ? | [155] |
Heracleum spp. | Heracleum | björnskalle | bear skull | Swedish | Dalsland | shape | [155] |
Hieracium pilosella L. | Hieracium pilosella L. | вeдмeжe вуxo | bear ear | Ukrainian, steppe dialect | Kirovograd | shape? | [215] |
Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr. | Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr. | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Kahramanmaraş (S Anatolia) | shape | [241] |
Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr. | Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr. | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Kahramanmaraş (S Anatolia) | shape | [241] |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Hordeum vulgare (and esp. hexastichon or tetrastichon | bar | bear | Eng. Eastern | Suffolk | folk etymology | [45] |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Hordeum vulgare (and esp. hexastichon or tetrastichon | beer | bear | Eng. Northern | Northumberland | folk etymology | [45] |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Hordeum vulgare (and esp. hexastichon or tetrastichon | beir | bear | Eng. Northern | northern coutnties | folk etymology | [45] |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Hordeum vulgare (and esp. hexastichon or tetrastichon | bere | bear | Eng. Northern | North Yorkshire | folk etymology | [45] |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Hordeum vulgare (and esp. hexastichon or tetrastichon | bear-barley | bear-barley | Eng. Northern | Northumberland | folk etymology | [45] |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Hordeum vulgare (and esp. hexastichon or tetrastichon | bear | bear | Eng. Northern, Midland, Western, Eastern | Northumberland, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Shropshire, Suffolk | folk etymology | [45] |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Hordeum polyst. | Bärengerste | bear barley | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Horminum pyrenaicum L. | Horminum pyr. | Bärenknöpfe | bear buttons | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. | Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. | karukollad | bear club moss | Estonian | Jõh | folk etymology | [58] |
Hydnum caput-ursi Fr. | Hydnum caput ursi Fr. | medvědí hlava | bear head | Czech | Latin calque | [61] | |
Hydnum coralloides Scop. | Hydnum coralloides Scop. | мeчa глaвa | bear head | Bulgarian | surface? | [86] | |
Hydnum coralloides Scop. | Hydnum coralloides Scop. | мeчa гъбa | bear fungi | Bulgarian | East Stara Planina Mts. | surface? | [85] |
Hydnum imbricatum L. | Hydnum imbricatum L. | medvědí ucho | bear ear | Czech | colour, surface | [61] | |
Hydnum imbricatum L. | Hydnum imbricatum L. | medvědice | bear plant | Czech | colour, surface | [61] | |
Hydnum imbricatum L. | Hydnum imbricatum L. | medvedića | she-bear | Ukrainian | colour, surface | [130] | |
Hydnum repandum L. | Hydnum repandum | вядзмeдзiк | little bear | Belarussian | Brest. | colour, surface | [79] |
Hydnum repandum L. | Hydnum repandum | мядзвeдзiк | little bear | Belarussian | Minsk., Mogil., Brest., Gomel. | colour, surface | [79] |
Hydnum repandum L. | Hydnum repandum | мядзвeдзiкi | little bears | Belarussian | Brest. | colour, surface | [79] |
Hydnum repandum L. | Hydnum repandum | мядзвeдзiя вушы | bear ears | Belarussian | Grodn. | colour, surface | [79] |
Hydnum repandum L. | Hydnum repandum | мядзвeдзь | bear | Belarussian | Brest. | colour, surface | [79] |
Hydnum repandum L. | Hydnum repandum | вядзмeдзiцa | she-bear | Belarussian | Brest. | colour, surface | [79] |
Hydnum repandum L. | Hydnum repandum | мядзвeджae вуxa (вушкa) | bear ear | Belarussian | Viteb., Grodn. | colour, surface | [79] |
Hydnum repandum L. | Hydnum repandum L. | medvedića biła | white she-bear | Ukrainian | surface? | [130] | |
Hydnum spp. | Hydnum | meškakerpė | bear lichen | Lithuanian | Lithuania | surface | [192] |
Hyoscyamus niger L. | Hyoscyamus niger L. | carhun cali | bear kvass | Finnish | dangerousness | [82] | |
Hypochaeris maculata L. | Hypochaeris maculata L. | karukapsalehed | bear cabbage leaves | Estonian | Vig | surface | [58] |
Ilex aquifolium L. | Ilex aquifolium L. | foije dell'urse | bear leaves | Italian, southern | Cortino (Teramo), Abruzzo, central Italy | ? | [90] |
Ilex aquifolium L. | Ilex aquifolium L. | laure dell'urse | bear laurel | Italian, southern | Castelli (Teramo), Abruzzo, central Italy | ? | [90] |
Iris pseudacorus L. | Iris pseudo-acorus L. | мeдвeжья лaпa | bear paw | Southern Russian | Voronezh | ? | [163] |
Iris sibirica L. | Iris sibirica L. | oгуpцы мeдвeжьи | bear cucumbers | Southern Russian | Tambov | bear food? | [57] |
Jacobaea abrotanifolia (L.) Moench | Senecio abrotanif. | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Juniperus communis var. montana Aiton | Juniperus nana Willd. | мeчa oйнa | bear juniper | Bulgarian | Banya village, Chepino area | wild? | [86] |
Juniperus communis var. montana Aiton | Juniperus nana Willd. | мeчa xвoйнa | bear juniper | Bulgarian | Breze village, Sofia area | wild? | [86] |
Juniperus drupacea Labill | Juniperus drupacea Labill | ayı ardıcı | bear juniper | Turkish | Antalya (SW Anatolia) | size | [59] |
Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. | Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. | karukäpp | bear paw | Estonian | Hää | surface | [58] |
Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L. | Galeobdolon luteum | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | ? | [171] | |
Laserpitium latifolium L. | Laserpitium latif. | weisses Bärenkraut | white bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | surface? | [65] |
Lathraea squamaria L. | Lathraea squamaria L. | мeчa питa | bear bannock | Bulgarian | ? | [86] | |
Lathraea squamaria L. | Lathraea squamaria L. | мeчe зeлe | bear cabbage | Bulgarian | wild | [86] | |
Lathraea squamaria L. | Lathraea squamaria L. | мeчeшкo зeлe | bear cabbage | Bulgarian | wild | [86] | |
Lathyrus pratensis L. | Lathyrus prat. | Bärenschote | bear pod | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Lathyrus pratensis L. | Lathyrus sylvestris | meškažirnis | bear pea | Lithuanian | Lithuania | shape, bear food | [87] |
Lathyrus spp. | Lathyrus L. | Bärenschote | bear pod | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC. | Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC. | ayı baldıranı | bear hemlock | Turkish | İçel (S. Anatolia) | status - | [92] |
Leontopodium nivale (Ten.) Huet ex Hand.-Mazz. | Leontopodium nivale (Ten.) Huet ex Hand.-Mazz. | zampette dë l'ursë | small bear claws | Italian, southern | Valle Peligna, Abruzzo, central Italy | shape | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Leonurus cardiaca L. | Leonurus card. | Bärenschweif | bear tail | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Leucopaxillus alboalutaceus (Moell. et Schff.) Moell. | Leucopaxillus alboalutaceus (Moell. et Schff.) Moell. | balsvoji meškabudė | bear a whitish color | Lithuanian | Alytus | surface | [193] |
Leucopaxillus candidus (Bres.) Singer | Leucopaxillus candidus | baltoji meškabudė | bear white mushroom | Lithuanian | All in Lithuania, in the forest | surface | [193] |
Leucopaxillus compactus (Fr.) Neuh. (L. tricolor (Peck) Kühner) | Leucopaxillus compactus (Fr.) Neuh. (L. tricolor (Peck) Kühner) | trispalvė meškabudė | bear three color mushroom | Lithuanian | Verkiai | surface | [193] |
Leucopaxillus giganteus (Sowerby) Singer | Leucopaxillus giganteus/Clitocybe gigantea | didžioji meškabudė | bear big mushroom | Lithuanian | rare | surface | [193] |
Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch | Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch, Ligusticum levisticum | karurohi, karu-rohi, karro rohi | bear grass | Estonian | folk etymology, size | ||
Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch | Levisticum off. | Bärenmutter-kraut | bear mother herb | German, non specified | not specified | folk etymology? | [65] |
Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. | Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. | karukaer | bear oat | Estonian | Jõe | surface | [58] |
Ligusticum mutellina (L.) Crantz | Ligusticum mut. | Bärenfenchel | bear fennel | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Ligusticum mutellina (L.) Crantz | Ligusticum mut. | blaues/rotes Bärenkraut | blue/red bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Ligusticum mutellina (L.) Crantz | Ligusticum mut. | Bärenwurz | bear root | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Ligusticum mutellinoides Vill. | Ligusticum mutelnoilides | weisses Bärenkraut | white bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Ligusticum mutellinoides Vill. | Ligusticum mutellinoides | weisse Bärenwurz | white bear root | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Ligustrum vulgare L. | Ligustrum vulgare | мeчкoвaц | bear plant | Serbo-Croat | ? | [84] | |
Lilium candidum L. | Lilium candidum L. | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Muğla (SW Anatolia) | shape | [175] |
Lilium martagon L. | Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Bärenlilie | bear lilly | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, wild? | [65] |
Lonicera caerulea L. | Lonicera coerulea L. | мeдвeжьи ягoды | bear berries | Northern Russian | Vologda | size? wild? | [57] |
Lonicera caprifolia L. | Lonicera caprifolium L | Lule arushe | bear flower | Albanian | Kosovo | shape | [136] |
Lonicera caprifolia L. | Lonicera caprifolium L. | мeдвjeђa цaпa | bear paw | Serbo-Croat | shape? | [84] | |
Lonicera periclymenum L. | Lonicera periclymenum L. | bearbind | bearbind | Eng. Midlands | Cheshire | folk etymology | [45] |
Lonicera periclymenum L. | Lonicera pericl | Bärentappe | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Lonicera tatarica L. | Lonicera tat. | Bärenklau | bear claw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Lotus corniculatus L. | Lotus corn. | Bärenschote | bear pod | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, wild? | [65] |
Lotus corniculatus L. | Lotus corniculatus | björnblomma | bear flower | Swedish | Dalarna | ? | [155] |
Lotus corniculatus L. | Lotus corniculatus | björnetänder | bear teeth | Swedish | Dalsland | ? | [155] |
Lotus corniculatus L. | Lotus corniculatus | björnklor | bear claws | Swedish | Dalsland | shape | [155] |
Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd. | Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd. | bjørnklo | bear claw | Norwegian | Hamre | shape? | [80] |
Lycoperdon bovista Pers. | Lycoperdon bovista L. | мeчкинь пуфeш | bear puff | Bulgarian | Kavadarci (Macedonia) | ? | [86] |
Lycoperdon bovista Pers. | Lycoperdon Pers. | мeдвeжьи бaни | bear baths | Central Russian | Vladimir | wild? | [103] |
Lycoperdon bovista Pers. | Lycoperdon Pers. | мeдвeжий дым | bear smoke | Russian | Middle Ob region | wild? | [101] |
Lycoperdon bovista Pers. | Lycoperdon Pers. | мeдвeжий тaбaк | bear tobacco | Russian | Middle Ob region; Karelia | wild? | |
Lycoperdon dermoxanthum Vittad. | Bovista dermoxantha Pers. | Fenë arushe | bear fart | Albanian | North Albania, Kosovo | folklore | [208] |
Lycoperdon spp. | Lycoperdon | Bärenfurz | bear fart | German, non specified | not specified | folk etymology | [65] |
Lycoperdon spp. | Lycoperdon sp. | мeдвeжья бaня | bear baths | Russian | Perm | wild, inedibility | [102] |
Lycoperdon spp. | Lycoperdon sp. | мeдвeжьe куpeвo | bear tobacco | Russian | Perm | wild? | [102] |
Lycoperdon spp. | Lycoperdon sp. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Russian | Perm | wild? | [102] |
Lycopodium annotinum L. | Lycopodium annotinum L. | karusammal | bear moss | Estonian | Trv | shape | [58] |
Lycopodium annotinum L. | Lycopodium annotinum L. | karukõllad, karukollad, karukolded | bear club moss | Estonian | North Estonia | shape | |
Lycopodium annotinum L. | Lycopodium annotinum | meškiašiauniai | bear eggs | Lithuanian | Lithuania | status -, bear food | [192] |
Lycopodium annotinum L. | Lycopodium annotinum | björnris | bear bilberry | Swedish | Österbotten | ? | [155] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodim clavatum L. | medvědí tlapa | bear paw | Czech | surface | ||
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum L. | medvědí lapa | bear paw | Czech | surface?, shape? | [72] | |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum L. | medvědí drápky | bear claws | Czech | shape? | [61] | |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium L., clavatum L. | karukollad, karukõllad, karukõld, karukolle pikk karukold, karukõlde, karukoll | bear club moss | Estonian | general | shape | |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clav. | Bärenklau | bear claw | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clav. | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clav. | Bärlapp | bear club moss | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clav. | Bärenmoos | bear moss | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clav. | Bärentappe | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavat | Bärentatze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum | medvetalp | bear’s paw | Hungarian | no data (Hungary or Transylvania) | surface | [143] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum | medvetalpa, medvetalp | bear’s paw | Hungarian | Sóvidék (Transylvania) | surface | [164] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum L. | braghe d'orso; braghe d'urs; braie dl órs | bear pants | Italian, northern | Lombardy and Biella area, Piedmont, northern Italy | ? | |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum L. | chjampe d órs | bear feet | Italian, northern | Biella area, Piedmont, north-western Italy | surface | [75] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum L. | brale dl órs; brale d órs; brali dl urs; bralle dl órs | bear bear hair tufts | Italian, northern | Biella area, Piedmont, north-western Italy | surface | [75] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum | meškiašiauniai | bear eggs | Lithuanian | Lithuania | status -, bear food | [192] |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum | łapa niedźwiedzia | bear paw | Polish | archival name | shape | |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Lycopodium clavatum | björngräs | bear grass | Swedish | Lappland | surface? | [155] |
Lycopodium complanatum L. | Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub | topskarukold | mug-bear club moss | Estonian | Kuu | folk etymology | [58] |
Lycopodium spp. | Lycopodium | medvedi noha | bear leg | Slovak | Slovakia | German calque? | [62] |
Lycopodium spp. | Lycopodium L. | barowe pazore | bear claws | Sorbian | German calque? | [76] | |
Lycopodium spp. | Lycopodium | barnica | bear plant | Upper-Sorbian | German calque? | [63] | |
Lycopodium spp. | Lycopodium | barjace pacy | bear paws | Upper-Sorbian | German calque? | [63] | |
Lycopodium spp. | Lycopodium | barjace pazory | bear claws | Upper-Sorbian | German calque? | [63] | |
Lythrum salicaria L. | Lythrum salicaria L. | karu-kattera | ? | Votic | ? | [56] | |
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. | Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. | ayı elması | bear apple | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, inedibility | [93] |
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. | Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. | ayı dutu | bear mulberry | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, inedibility | [93] |
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. | Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. | melucce dë jursë | little bear apple | Italian, southern | Valle Subequana (L'Aquila)), Abruzzo, Central Italy | wild, status-, bear food? | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. | Pirus silvestris | medvedova hruščica | bear pear | Slovenian | status-? | [84] | |
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. | Malvaviskus arboreus Cav. | medvědí sléz | bear mallow | Czech | size? | [61] | |
Melampyrum pratense L. | Melampyrum pratense L. | karukaerad, karu kaerad, karu-kaerad | bear oats | Estonian | Iis | ? | |
Melampyrum sylvaticum L. | Melampyrum sylvaticum L. | karu kaerad, karukaer, karu-kaer | bear oat(s) | Estonian | ? | ||
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. | Melilotus off. | Bärenklee | bear clover | German, non specified | not specified | bear food? | [65] |
Melittis melissophyllum L. | Melittis melissophyllum L. | bocca d'orso | bear mouth | Italian, central | Val di Chiana, Tuscany, central Italy | shape | [74] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärendill | bear dill | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, shape? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärenfenchel | bear fennel | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, shape? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, shape? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärenkümmel | bear caraway | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, shape? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärpudl | ? | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, shape? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärenmutter-kraut | bear mother herb | German, non specified | not specified | shape?, bear food? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärenmutter-wurzel | bear mother root | German, non specified | not specified | shape?, bear food? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärenwurz | bear root | German, non specified | not specified | shape?, bear food? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | Bärenzotten | bear tuft | German, non specified | not specified | shape?, bear food? | [65] |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum Jacq. | мeдвeдкa | bear plant | Russian | translated from Latin pharmaceutical name | [116] | |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum Jacq. | мeдвeжий кopeнь | bear root | Russian | translated from Latin pharmaceutical name | [116] | |
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum Jack. | medvedov koren | bear root | Slovenian | German calque? | ||
Meum athamanticum Jacq. | Meum athamanticum | ayı aazyanese | bear fennel | Turkish | shape, status - | [226] | |
Meum mutellina (L.) Gaertn. | Meum mutellina Gaertn. | мeчи кoпъp | bear dill | Bulgarian | ? | [86] | |
Muscari spp. | Muscari | Bärentruebli | bear grape | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, wild? | [65] |
Nardus stricta L. | Nardus stricta | björnragg | bear shag | Swedish | Nyland | shape | [155] |
Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. | Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. | karukäpad | bear paws | Estonian | Mih | surface | [58] |
Nerium oleander L. | Nerium oleander L. | ayıcı | bearherd | Turkish | Muğla | folk etymology | [227] |
Ononis spinosa L. | Ononis spinosa | medvědice | bear plant | Czech | Chodov | shape (thorny) | [83] |
Orobanche gracilis Sm. | Orobanche gracilis Sm. | branchia d'orso | bear branch | Italian, central | Tuscany, central Italy | ? | [74] |
Orobanche spp. | Orobanche | Bärenpratze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Oxalis montana Raf. | Oxalis acetosella | medvesóska | bear’s sorrel | Hungarian | Gyergyói-medence, Lövéte (Transylvania) | wild | |
Oxalis montana Raf. | Oxalis acetosella | medvesósdi | bear’s sorrel | Hungarian | Gyergyói-medence, Lövéte (Transylvania) | wild | |
Padus avium Mill. subsp. Avium | Padus avium Mill. subsp. Avium | ayıgülü | bear rose | Turkish | Ardahan (E Anatolia) | ? | [240] |
Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews | Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews | ayı gülü | bear rose | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, size | [93] |
Paeonia arietina G. Anderson | Paeonia arietina G. Anderson | ayı gülü | bear rose | Turkish | Isparta (SW Anatolia) | size | [91] |
Paeonia arietina G. Anderson | Paeonia arietina G. Anderson | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Afyon (W Anatolia) | shape | [92] |
Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. | Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. | ayıgülü | bear rose | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, size | [93] |
Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. | Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. | ayıgülü | bear rose | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, size | [93] |
Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. | Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. | ayı gülü | bear rose | Turkish | Kahramanmaraş (S Anatolia) | shape, size | [94] |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia Himpel | мeчo гpaздe | bear grapes | Bulgarian | wild? | [86] | |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia Himpel | мeчи ягoди | bear strawberries | Bulgarian | wild? | [86] | |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia L. | karumari | bear berry | Estonian | Jõh | dangerousness | [58] |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia L. | karumustikas | bear blackberry | Estonian | Kuu, Lüg, Kod, SJn | dangerousness | |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia L. | karhunmarja, kahunmarjaheinä | bear berry | Finnish | general | dangerousness | |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia L. | meškauogė | bear berries | Lithuanian | Lithuania | dangerousness, wild | |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia L. | мeдвeжьи ягoды | bear berries | Northern Russian | Vologda, Karelia | dangerousness (toxic)? | [57] |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia L. | bjørnebær | bear berry | Norwegian | status- | [80] | |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Ångermanland, Northern Jämtland, Västerbotten | status- | |
Paris quadrifolia L. | Paris quadrifolia | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Lappland, Jämtland, Ångermanland, Hälsingland | status- | [155] |
Paxillus atromentosus (Scop.) Fr. | Paxillus atromentosus/Tapinella atrotomentosa | juokotė meškutė | black shank bear | Lithuanian | general | shape | [193] |
Paxillus filamentosus (Scop.) Fr. | Paxillus filamentosus/Agaricus filamentosus Scop. (1772) Paxillus rubicundulus P.D.Orton | alksnyninė meškutė | alder tree bear | Lithuanian | general | surface | [193] |
Paxillus involutus Fr. | Paxillus involutus Fr. | pilkoji meškutė | gray bear | Lithuanian | all in Lithuania, in the forest | shape | [193] |
Paxillus panuoides (Fr.) Fr. | Paxillus panuoides | vėduoklinė meškutė | fan bear | Lithuanian | general | shape | [193] |
Pedicularis comosa L. | Pedicularis comosa L. | мeдвeжья тpaвa | bear grass | Russian | ? | [116] | |
Pedicularis palustris L. | Pedicularis palustris L. | karupea | bear head | Estonian | Vil | surface | [58] |
Pedicularis palustris L. | Pedicularis palustris L. | karune konnaosi | hairy (bearry) frog horsetail | Estonian | LNg | surface | [58] |
Pedicularis palustris L. | Pedicularis palustris L. | karhunkukkain | bear flower's grass | Finnish | Orim | surface | [82] |
Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L. | Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L. | karuhammas | bear tooth | Estonian | HJn | shape | [58] |
Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. | Peltigera canina L. Willd. | meškapėdė šunvaistė | dogs medicine bear paw | Lithuanian | Lithuania | status -, bear food | |
Peltigera polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. | Peltigera polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. | meškapėdė daugiapirštė | multi bear paw | Lithuanian | Lithuania | status -, bear food | |
Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. | Polygonum bistorta L. | мeдвeдницa | bear plant | Northern Russian | Arkhangelsk | ? | [57] |
Petasites hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. | Petasites hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Kocaeli (NW Anatolia) | shape, size | [92] |
Peucedanum officinale L. | Peucedanum off. | Bärenfenchel | bear fennel | German, non specified | not specified | bear food?, wild? | [65] |
Peucedanum officinale L. | Peucedanum officinale L. | мeдвeжий кopeнь | bear root | Russian | size? | [116] | |
Phalaris arundinacea L. | Phalaris arundinacea | meškadirsė | bear grass | Lithuanian | Lithuania | size | |
Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. | Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. | ayıparmağı | bear finger | Turkish | Ağrı (E Anatolia) | shape, size | [92] |
Phlomis grandiflora H.S.Thomps. | Phlomis grandiflora H.S. Thomson | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Antalya (S Anatolia) | shape, size | [227] |
Pimpinella saxifraga L. | Pimpinella saxifraga L. | мeдвeжьи пучки | bear cow-parsnip | Northern Russian | Vologda | size? status-? | [57] |
Pinguicula spp. | Pinguicula spp. | recchietta d'urs | little bear ear | Italian, southern | Alto Sangro, Marsica, Valle Peligna, Majella surroundings, Gran Sasso d'Italia and Laga Mt., Abuzzo, central Italy | shape | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Pinus mugo Turra | Pinus mugo subsp. mughus (Scop.) Domin and P. nigra J. F. Arnold | pinë de l'urs; poinë dë l'urs | bear pine | Italian, southern | AltaValle del Sangro, Mt. Morrone, and Mt. Maiella, central Italy | status- | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Pleurospermum austriacum Hoffm. | Pleurospermum austriacum | medvejka | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | [84] | |
Pleurospermum spp. | Pleurospermum sp. | medvjetka | bear plant | Croatian | no location | ?, bear food? | |
Pleurospermum uralense Hoffm. | Pleurospermum uralense Hoffm. | мeдвeжья дудкa | bear pipe | Russian | Tobolsk area | size? wild? | [218] |
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce | Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce | karhunmarja | bear berry | Finnish | Sort | dangerousness | [82] |
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce | Polygonatum odoratum | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Ångermanland | status- | [155] |
Polypodium vulgare L. | Polypodium vulg. | Bärenzucker | bear sugar | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Polyporus spp. | Polyporus ram. | Bärenpratze | bear paw | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum L., P. commune L. | karusammal, soo karu-sammal | bear moss | Estonian | shape | ||
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune Hedw. | karhunsammal | bear moss | Finnish | shape | [55] | |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune L. | Bärenmoos | bear moss | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune Hedw. | karunsammal, karunsammel, karunsammõl | bear moss | Izhorian | shape | [56] | |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune L. | meškakūšis | bear penis | Lithuanian | Lithuania | shape | [87] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune L. | okš-šōmal | bear moss | Livonian | ? | [81] | |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum vulgare | guovzzasámil | bear moss | North Saami | ? | [129] | |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune L. | bjørnemose | bear-moss | Norwegian | ? | [80] | |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune L. | мeдвeдь | bear | Southern Russian | Orel | surface? | [116] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune | björnmoss | bear moss | Swedish | Östergötland, Småland | ? | [155] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune | björnmosse | bear moss | Swedish | Österbotten, Åland, Åboland, Nyland | ? | [155] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune = Polytrichum vulgare | björnmossa | bear moss | Swedish | Norrbotten, Jämtland, Västerbotten, Medelpad, Härjedalen, Dalarna, Värmland, Uppland, Västmanland, Dalsland, Västergötland, Småland, Nyland | ? | [155] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune | björnblomma | bear flower | Swedish | Northern Dalecarlia | ? | [48] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune L. | byönnmuoså | bear moss | Swedish | Älvdalen | shape | [223] |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune L. | björnmossa | bear-moss | Swedish | ? | [54] | |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune L. | karasammal | bear moss | Votic | shape | [113] | |
Polytrichum commune Hedw. | Polytrichum commune Hedw. | karusammel | bear moss | Votic | shape | [56] | |
Polytrichum spp. | Polytrichum ssp. | karusammal | bear moss | Estonian | general | shape | [56] |
Polytrichum spp. | Polytrichum spp. | karusammal | bear moss | Ingrian | shape | [56] | |
Polytrichum spp. | Polytrichum spp. | karusammõli | bear moss | Ingrian | shape | [56] | |
Polytrichum spp. | Polytrichum | björnmossa | bear moss | Swedish | Lappland, Ångermanland, Dalarna, Närke, Värmland | ? | [155] |
Prangos spp. | Prangos sp. | ayučač | bear hair | Karachay-Balkar | ? | [171] | |
Prangos spp. | Prangos sp. | ayuwčač | bear hair | Kirghiz | ? | [171] | |
Primula algida Adams | Primula algida Adams | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Erzurum (E Anatolia) | shape, size | [152] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula Ledeb. | мeчo уxo | bear ear | Bulgarian | Latin calque | [86] | |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | uho medviđe | bear ear | Croatian | Latin calque | ||
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | medvědí ouško | bear ear | Czech | Latin calque? | ||
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula | bjørneøre | bear ear | Danish | Denmark | Latin calque | [187] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | bazier | bear ear | Eng. Eastern | East Anglia | shape | [45] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | basier | bear ear | Eng. Northern | Lancashire | shape | [45] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | bear's ears | bear ears | Eng. Northern, Midland, Western, Eastern | West Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Gloucestershire, East Anglia | shape | [45] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | baisier | bear ear | Eng. Western | Devon | shape | [45] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | oreille d’ours | bear ear | French | Latin calque | [2] | |
Primula auricula L. | Primula aur. | Bärsanikel | bear sanicula | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula aur. | Bärenohr | bear ear | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | urie d'ours; orie d'ours | little bear ear | Italian, northern | Piedmont, northern Italy | shape | [74] |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | recchietta d'urs | little bear ear | Italian, southern | Alto Sangro, Marsica, Valle Peligna, Majella surroundings, Gran Sasso d'Italia and Laga Mt., Abuzzo, central Italy | shape | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | мeдвeжьe ушкo | bear ear | Russian | Latin calque? | [116] | |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula | мeдвиђe уxo | bear ear | Serbo-Croat | Latin calque | [84] | |
Primula auricula L. | Primula auricula L. | medved’ače uxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | Latin calque | [130] | |
Primula elatior (L.) Hill | Primula elatior (L.) Hill | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Erzurum (E Anatolia) | shape, size | [152] |
Primula longipes Freyn & Sint. | Primula longipes Freyn & Sint. | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Erzurum (E Anatolia) | shape, size | [152] |
Primula matthioli (L.) K.Richt. | Cortusa matthioli | Bärsanikel | bear sanicula | German, non specified | not specified | shape and surface? | [65] |
Primula pseudodenticulata Pax | Primula auriculata Lam. | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Erzurum (E Anatolia) | shape, size | [152] |
Primula pseudodenticulata Pax | Primula auriculata Lam. | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Anatolia | shape, size | [131] |
Primula spp. | Primula spp. | orecchio d'orso | bear ear | Italian, central | Val di Chiana, Tuscany, central Italy | shape | [74] |
Primula veris L. | Primula veris | ayïwqulaq | bear ear | Kazakh | Latin calque | [171] | |
Primula veris L. | Primula veris subsp. columnae | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Erzurum (E Anatolia) | shape | [152] |
Primula veris L. | Primula veris subsp. macrocalyx | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Erzurum (E Anatolia) | shape | [152] |
Primula veris L. | Primula veris L. | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | shape | [171] | |
Primula veris subsp. suaveolens (Bertol.) Gutermann & Ehrend. | Primula suaveolens Bertol. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear step | Bulgarian | ? | [86] | |
Primula vulgaris Huds. | Primula acaulis (L.) Hill. | oëggia d'urso | bear ear | Italian, northern | Santa Margherita area, Liguria, northern Italy | shape | [74] |
Prunus spinosa L. | Prunus spinosa L. | loffë dë ursë | bear puffball | Italian, southern | Castel d'Ieri, Goriano Sicoli, Cocullo (L'Aquila), Abruzzo, central Italy | size | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Prunus spinosa L. | Prunus spinosa L. | prunicchie de li ursë | little bear plums | Italian, southern | Cerchio (L'Aquila), Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status- | [90] |
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | ayı otu | bear herb | Turkish | W Anatolia | ? | [92] |
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | ayıdöşeği | bear mattress | Turkish | Hatay (SE Anatolia) | shape | [227] |
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | karukaatteri | bear cover/isolation | Votic | shape | [56] | |
Pteridophyta | sort of fern | medveköröm | bear’s nail | Hungarian | Homoródkarácsonyfalva (Transylvania) | shape | Papp unpublished |
Pteridophyta | ferns in general | bjønngras | bear grass | Norwegian | Haltdalen, Singsås | ? | [80] |
Ptilostemon chamaepeuce (L.) Less. | Ptilostemon chamaepeuce (L.) Less. | ayıayağı | bear foot | Turkish | Antalya (SW Anatolia) | shape | [131] |
Pulmonaria mollis Wolff ex F.Heller | Pulmonaria mollis Wolff ex F.Heller | мeчa зуpлa, мeчa питa | bear snout; bear bannock | Bulgarian | Bracigovo | ? | [86] |
Pulmonaria mollis Wolff ex F.Heller | Pulmonaria mollis Wolff ex F.Heller | мeчa питa | bear bannock | Bulgarian | ? | [86] | |
Pulmonaria mollis Wolff ex F.Heller | Pulmonaria mollis Wolff ex F.Heller | мeчки | bears | Bulgarian | ? | [86] | |
Pulmonaria obscura Dumort. | Pulmonaria obscura (as Pulmonaria officinalis) | мeдвeжe ушкo | bear ear | Ruthenian | Slovakia | shape, surface | [234] |
Pulmonaria officinalis L. | Pulmonaria officinalis L. | мeчa питa | bear bannock | Bulgarian | Stara Zagora area | ? | [86] |
Pulmonaria officinalis L. | Pulmonaria officinalis L. | мeчo цвeтe | bear flower | Bulgarian | Teteven area | ? | [86] |
Pulmonaria officinalis L. | Pulmonaria officinalis L. | мeдвeжья тpaвa | bear grass | Central Russian | Moscow | ? | [57] |
Pulmonaria officinalis L. | Pulmonaria officicnalis L. | мeчo pунo | bear fur | Macedonian | Nevrokop region | shape? | [179] |
Pulmonaria officinalis L. | Pulmonaria officicnalis L. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear foot | Macedonian | Nevrokop region | shape? | [179] |
Pulmonaria officinalis L. | Pulmonaria officicnalis L. | мeчo уxo | bear ear | Macedonian | Nevrokop region | shape? | [179] |
Pulmonaria officinalis L. | Pulmonaria officinalis L. | мeдвeжe вушкo | bear little ear | Ukrainian | Vinnitsa | shape? | [203] |
Pulmonaria rubra Schott | Pulmonaria rubra Sch. et Ky. | мeчкин иглик | bear primrose | Macedonian | Nevrokop region | shape? | [179] |
Pulmonaria rubra Schott | Pulmonaria rubra Sch. et Ky. | мeчo ушo | bear ear | Macedonian | Nevrokop region | shape? | [179] |
Pyrola spp. | Pyrola ssp. | karhunmarja | bear berry | Finnish | Rautal | inedibility | [82] |
Pyrus communis L. | Pyrus pyraster (L.) Du Roi | perelle dë jursë; peruccë dë jursë | little bear pear | Italian, southern | Molina Aterno and others villages in Valle Subequana (AQ), al Abruzzo | wild, status-, bear food? | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Pyrus pyraster (L.) Du Roi | Pirus piraster | medvedova hruščica | bear pear | Slovenian | status-? | [84] | |
Ranunculus acris L. | Ranunculus acris | ayutaban | bear sole | Tatar | shape | [171] | |
Ranunculus acris L. | Ranunculus acris | ayïqtåwån | bear sole | Uzbek | shape? | [171] | |
Ranunculus constantinopolitanus (DC.) d'Urv. | Ranunculus constantinopolitanus (DC.) d'Urv. | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Kocaeli (NW Anatolia) | shape, size | [178] |
Ranunculus neapolitanus Ten. | Ranunculus cf neapolitanus Ten. | medvjeđa šapa | bear paw | Croatian | Zadar area | shape | [195] |
Ranunculus spp. | Ranunculus sp. | ayuwtaban | bear sole | Kazakh | ? | [171] | |
Ranunculus spp. | Ranunculus sp. | ayutaban | bear sole | Tatar | shape | [171] | |
Ranunculus spp. | Ranunculus sp. | eyiqtapini | bear sole | Uigur | shape? | [171] | |
Rhamnus cathartica L. | Rhamnus cathartica L. | karu-uibu | bear apple | Estonian | Trt | inedibility, dangerousness | [58] |
Rhamnus frangula L. | Frangula alnus | meškvuogė | bear berries | Lithuanian | Lithuania | dangerousness, bear food | |
Rhamnus frangula L. | Rhamnus frangula L. | мeдвeжьи ягoды | bear berries | Northern Russian | Vologda | status-? | [57] |
Rhamnus frangula L. | Rhamnus frangula L. | bjønnbær | bear berry | Norwegian | Askim, Rauland, Innvik, Hurdal | status- | [80] |
Rhamnus frangula L. | Rhamnus frangula L. | мeдвeжья ягoдa | bear berry | Russian | Middle Ob region | status-? | [101] |
Rhamnus frangula L. | Rhamnus frangula L. | мeдвeжинa | bear plant | Southern Russian | Ryazan, Kaluga | status-? | [57] |
Rhamnus frangula L. | Frangula alnus Mill. | мeдвeжинa | bear plant | Ukrainian | status-? | [219] | |
Rhamnus virgata var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Y.L. Chen & P.K. Chou | Rh. Hirs. | wilde Bärenblust | ? | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Rhododendron ferrugineum L. | Rhododendron ferr. | Bärenblust, zahme | ? | German, non specified | not specified | surface? | [65] |
Rhododendron ferrugineum L. | Rhododendron ferrugineum L. and R. hirsutum | fiori d'orso; orsaie | bear flowers | Italian, northern | Tesino Valley, Trentino, north-eastern Italy | wild | [115] |
Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd | Ledum palustre subsp. Groenlandicum (Oed.) Hul. | medvědí košiláč | bear baby | Czech | ? | [61] | |
Rhododendron hirsutum L. | Rhododendron ferrugineum L. and R. hirsutum | fiori d'orso; orsaie | bear flowers | Italian, northern | Tesino Valley, Trentino, north-eastern Italy | wild | [115] |
Ribes alpinum L. | Ribes alpinum L., R. multiflorum Kit. ex Schult., and R. rubrum L. | uvë dell'orsë | bear grape | Italian, southern | Celano and Scanno sourroundings (AQ), Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status-, bear food? | ([90], Cianfaglione unpublished) |
Ribes multiflorum Kit. ex Schult. | Ribes alpinum L., R. multiflorum Kit. ex Schult., and R. rubrum L. | uvë dell'orsë | bear grape | Italian, southern | Celano and Scanno sourroundings (AQ), Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status-, bear food? | ([90], Cianfaglione unpublished) |
Ribes rubrum L. | Ribes alpinum L., R. multiflorum Kit. ex Schult., and R. rubrum L. | uvë dell'orsë | bear grape | Italian, southern | Celano and Scanno sourroundings (AQ), Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status-, bear food? | ([90], Cianfaglione unpublished) |
Ribes rubrum L. | Ribes rubrum | мeдвиђe гpoжђe | bear grapes | Serbo-Croat | status-? | [84] | |
Ribes uva-crispa L. | Ribes uva-crispa L. | karumari, karumarjad, karumarjapõõsas, karusmari | bear(ry) berry(s) | Estonian | general | shape and surface | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius bushes | мeдвeдинa | bear plant | Belarussian | Brest. | status-? bear food? | [197] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius bushes | мeдвeдины | bear plant | Belarussian | Brest. | status-? bear food? | [197] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | вядзмeдзiнa | bear plant | Belarussian | Brest. | status-? bear food? | [79] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius bushes | мядзвeднiк | bear plant | Belarussian | status-? bear food? | [79] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | вядзмeдзiны | bear plant | Belarussian | Brest. | status-? bear food? | [79] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | мядзвeдзiкi | little bears | Belarussian | Gomel. | status-? bear food? | [79] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | мядзвeдзiнa | bear plant | Belarussian | Brest. | status-? bear food? | [79] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | мядзвeдзiны | bear plant | Belarussian | Brest. | status-? bear food? | [79] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | мeдзвядзi | bears | Belarussian | Gomel. | status-? bear food? | [79] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | medvezinka | bear plant | Czech | Moravia | status-? bear food? | [234] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | medvědice | bear plant | Czech | Plzen | bear food | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | nedvědice | bear plant | Czech | status-? bear food? | [61] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | karu-murakas | bear cloudberry | Estonian | shape and surface | [73] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | karu-marjad, kahro marjad, kahru-mari | bear berry(ies) | Estonian | shape and surface | ||
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | karuvaarikad, karuvaarak, karuvabarn | bear rapsberry | Estonian | Har, MMg, Hls, Puh | shape and surface | [58] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | Barendreck | bear dirt | German, non specified | not specified | shape | [65] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | miricule de l'urse | bear blackberry | Italian, southern | Pietracamela (Teramo), Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status- | [90] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | meškavietė | bear raspberry | Lithuanian | Lithuania | wild, bear food | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | medvězie jahody | bear berries | old-Czech | bear food? | [72] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | medvězie jahodiny | bear berries | old-Czech | bear food? | [72] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | nedvězie jahody | bear berries | old-Czech | bear food? | [72] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | nedvězie jahodiny | bear berries | old-Czech | bear food? | [72] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | nedvědiny | bear plant | old-Czech | bear food? | [72] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | černé nedvědice | black bear plant | old-Czech | bear food? | [72] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | miedźwiedziny | bear plant | Old-Polish | bear food | ||
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | niedźwiedzina | bear plant | Old-Polish | bear food | [196] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Östergötland, Västergötland, Småland | folk etymology | [155] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | björnhallon | bear raspberry | Swedish | Östergötland, Småland | folk etymology | [155] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | björnbärsbuske | bear berry bush | Swedish | Småland | folk etymology | [155] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | вeдмeд’i | bears | Ukrainian | West. Polesje | status-? bear food? | [202] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | вeдмeдинa | bear plant | Ukrainian | status-? bear food? | [202] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | видм’iдник | bear plant | Ukrainian | status-? bear food? | [202] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | вeдмeдики | little bears | Ukrainian | status-? bear food? | [202] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | вeдмeжкa | bear plant | Ukrainian | status-? bear food? | [202] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | видмид’i | bears | Ukrainian | status-? bear food? | [202] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | видмeдиц’и | she-bears | Ukrainian | Volhynia | status-? bear food? | [215] |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | чepниця вeдмeжa | bear blackberry | Ukrainian, Central-Dnieper | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | мeдвeдинa | bear plant | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | мeдвeдини | bear plant | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | мeдвeжик | little bear | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | мeдвeжинa | bear plant | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | вeдмeдицi | she-bears | Ukrainian, West-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius | karuu-marja | bear-berry | Votic | shape and surface | [113] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | karumarjõ, karumarje | bear berry(ies) | Votic | shape and surface | [56] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | karumurak | bear cloudberry | Votic | shape and surface | [56] | |
Rubus caesius L. | Rubus caesius L. | karuvabarn | bear rapsberry | Votic | shape and surface | [56] | |
Rubus chamaemorus L. | Rubus chamaemorus L. | мeдвeжaник | bear plant | Central Russian | Tver | shape? bear food? | [57] |
Rubus chamaemorus L. | Rubus chamaemorus L. | мeдвeжaтник | bear plant | Central Russian | Tver | shape? bear food? | [57] |
Rubus chamaemorus L. | Rubus chamaemorus L. | мeдвeжaтник | bear plant | Russian | Middle Ob region | shape? bear food? | [101] |
Rubus chamaemorus L. | Rubus chamaemorus L. | мeдвeжaтницa | bear plant | Russian | Middle Ob region | shape? bear food? | [101] |
Rubus corylifolius Sm. | Rubus corylifolius Sm. | medveža | bear plant | Ukrainian | bear food | [130] | |
Rubus corylifolius Sm. | Rubus corylifolius Sm. | vedmežyna | bear plant | Ukrainian | bear food | [130] | |
Rubus corylifolius Sm. | Rubus corylifolius Sm. | vedmižyna | bear plant | Ukrainian | bear food | [130] | |
Rubus idaeus L. | Rubus idaeus L. | miricule de l'urse | bear blackberry | Italian, southern | Fara San Martino and Sant'Eufemia a Majella (Chieti), Abruzzo, central Italy | wild, status- | [90] |
Rubus idaeus L. | Rubus idaeus L. | мeдвeжьи ягoды | bear berries | Russian | Argunj region | bear food | [57] |
Rubus idaeus L. | Rubus idaeus L. | вeдмeжa ягoдa | bear berry | Ukrainian, speppe dialect | shape? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus laciniatus Willd. | Rubus lacimatus | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Dalsland | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus fruticosus L. agg. | karhunvatukka | bear rapsberry | Finnish | shape and surface | [82] | |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus fruticosus L. agg. | karhunmarja | bear berry | Finnish | shape and surface | [82] | |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus fructicosus L. | мeдвeдoк | little bear | Southern Russian | Orel gub. | surface? bear food? | [57] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus plicatus | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Dalarna, Värmland, Uppland, Västmanland, Öland, Östergötland, Dalsland, Västergötland, Bohuslän, Småland, Blekinge, Halland, Skåne | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus plicatus | björnbärsbuske | bear berry bush | Swedish | Bohuslän, Småland | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus plicatus | björnbärsris | bear berry shrub | Swedish | Bohuslän | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus plicatus | björnbärstorn | bear berry thorn | Swedish | Bohuslän | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus plicatus | björnhallon | bear raspberry | Swedish | Södermanland, Östergötland, Småland | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus fruticosus | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Dalarna, Värmland, Västmanland, Öland, Dalsland, Västergötland, Bohuslän, Småland, Blekinge, Halland, Skåne, Estland Med Gsb | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus fruticosus | björnbärsbuske | bear berry bush | Swedish | Bohuslän, Småland | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus fruticosus | björnbärsris | bear berry shrub | Swedish | Bohuslän | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus fruticosus | björnbärstorn | bear berry thorn | Swedish | Bohuslän | ? | [155] |
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees | Rubus fruticosus | björnhallon | bear raspberry | Swedish | Småland | ? | [155] |
Rubus saxatilis L. | Rubus saxatilis L. | karuvaarakud, karuvaarikas | bear rapsberry | Estonian | Saa | shape and surface | [58] |
Rubus saxatilis L. | Rubus saxatilis L. | ciate d'ors; ciate de l'ors; sgranfi de l'ors | bear feet | Italian, northern | Trentino, north-eatern Italy | shape | [115] |
Rubus spp. | x ??? Rubus sp.?? | medveszödör | bear’s black berry | Hungarian | Szeged (Hungarian Plain) | ? | [188] |
Rubus spp. | Rubus | svillbjörnbär | swollen bear berry | Swedish | Bohuslän | ? | [155] |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis Hall | karuvabarnas, karuvaarak, karu-vabarn, kahru-vavarna | bear rapsberry | Estonian | Saa, Hls, Kod | shape and surface | |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis Hall | karumari | bear berry | Estonian | shape and surface | [185] | |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis W. Hall | вeдмiжинa | bear plant | Ukrainian | Ukraine | status-? bear food? | [180] |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis W. Hall | мeдвeдинa | bear plant | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis W. Hall | мeдвeжa | bear plant | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis W. Hall | мeдвeжик | little bear | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis W. Hall | мeдвeжинa | bear plant | Ukrainian, Central-Polessian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis W. Hall. | вeдмeжинa | bear plant | Ukrainian, speppe dialect | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus trivialis Michx. | Rubus nessensis W. Hall | мeдвiдник | bear plant | Ukrainian, Volhynian | status-? bear food? | [180] | |
Rubus spp. | Rubus subgenus Rubus | niedźwiedziuchy | bear plant | Polish | Kraśnik, PL | bear food | unpublished Polish Ethnographic Atlas 1948, questionnaire 2 |
Rubus spp. | Rubus subg. Rubus | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | folk etymology | [54] | |
Rumex crispus L. | Rumex crispus L. | karuein | bear grass | Estonian | Hel | size and shape | [58] |
Rumex crispus L. | Rumex crispus L. | karuhaina, karuhain | bear grass | Estonian | Trv, Krl | size and shape | [58] |
Rumex crispus L. | Rumex crispus L. | karuoblik | bear sorrel | Estonian | Kam | size and shape | [58] |
Rumex obtusifolius L. | Rumex obtus | Bärentrappen | ? | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Salix alba L. | Salix alba L. | saucia ursarella | bear willow | Italian, southern | Valle Peligna, Abruzzo, central Italy | status- | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Salix triandra L. | Salix triandra L. | saucia ursarella | bear willow | Italian, southern | Valle Peligna, Abruzzo, central Italy | status- | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Salix viminalis L. | Salix viminalis L. (incl. hybrids) | saucia ursarella | bear willow | Italian, southern | Valle Peligna, Abruzzo, central Italy | status- | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | мeчo уxo | bear ear | Bulgarian | Dragoman & Breze villages, Sofia area | shape, surface | [86] |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear step | Bulgarian | shape, surface? | [86] | |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | мeчиje увo | bear ear | Serbo-Croat | shape, surface | [84] | |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | вушкo вeдмeжe | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape? surface? | [180] | |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | мeдвeжe вушкo | bear little ear | Ukrainian | Odessa, Donetsk | shape? surface? | [203] |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | вeдмeжe вуxo | bear ear | Ukrainian, Central-Dnieper, steppe dialect | Kharkov, Donetsk | shape? surface? | |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | мeдвeжe вуxo | bear ear | Ukrainian, Podolian, steppe dialect | Odessa, Transcarpathia | shape? surface? | |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | уxo мeдвeжe | bear ear | Ukrainian, steppe dialect | shape? surface? | [180] | |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | мeдвeжa лaпa | bear paw | Ukrainian, steppe dialect | Donetsk | shape? surface? | |
Salvia aethiopis L. | Salvia aethiopis L. | вeдмeжe уxo | bear ear | Ukrainian, steppe dialect, Podolian | Dnepropetrovsk | shape? surface? | |
Salvia sclarea L. | Salvia sclarea L. | мeчa пeтa | bear heel | Bulgarian | shape, surface | [86] | |
Salvia sclarea L. | Salvia sclarea L. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear step | Bulgarian | shape, surface | [86] | |
Salvia sclarea L. | Salvia sclarea L. | medvije uho | bear ear | Croatian | Dalmacija | shape and surface? | |
Salvia sclarea L. | Salvia sclarea | мeдвиje уxo | bear ear | Serbo-Croat | shape, surface | [84] | |
Salvia sclarea L. | Salvia sclarea | мeчje увo | bear ear | Serbo-Croat | shape, surface | [84] | |
Salvia sclarea L. | Salvia sclarea L. | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | S and W Anatolia | shape | [243] |
Sambucus ebulus L. | Sambucus ebulus L. | ayı otu | bear herb | Turkish | İçel, Niğde (S Anatolia) | ? | [146] |
Sambucus ebulus L. | Sambucus ebulus L. | ayı otu | bear herb | Turkish | Bayramiç, Çanakkale (NW Anatolia) | ? | [151] |
Sambucus ebulus L. | Sambucus ebulus L. | ayı otu | bear herb | Turkish | Karaman, Mersin (S Anatolia) | ? | [227] |
Sambucus ebulus L. | Sambucus ebulus L. | ayıboğan | bear choker | Turkish | Kahramanmaraş (S Anatolia) | ? | [227] |
Sambucus ebulus L. | Sambucus ebulus L. | ayı otu | bear herb | Turkish | İçel, Niğde (S Anatolia) | ? | [227] |
Sambucus racemosa L. | Sambucus racemosa L. | karupihlakas | bear rowan | Estonian | Nrv | dangerousness | [58] |
Sambucus racemosa L. | Sambucus racemosa L. | мeдвeжьe дepeвo | bear tree | Russian | Perm | status-? | [57] |
Sambucus racemosa L. | Sambucus racemosa L. | мeдвeжья дудкa | bear pipe | Russian | Ural | status-? | [57] |
Sambucus racemosa L. | Sambucus racemosa L. | мeдвeжник | bear plant | Russian | Ural | status-? | [57] |
Sambucus spp. | Sambucus L. | мeдвeжья ягoдa | bear berry | Russian | Middle Ob region | status-? | [57] |
Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. | Sanicula europaea L. | uracca d'ours | bear ear | Italian, northern | Bologna area, Emilia, northern Italy | shape | [74] |
Sarcodon imbricatus (L.) P. Karst. | Sarcodon imbricatus (L.) P/Karst. (?) | мeдвeжий гpиб | bear mushroom | Russian | Perm | size, colour, inedibility | [102] |
Sedum spp. | Sedum L. | мeчкинo гpoзьe | bear grapes | Bulgarian | ? | [86] | |
Selaginella spp. | Selaginella | Bärläppchen | little bear club moss | German, non specified | not specified | surface?, shape? | [65] |
Sempervivum globiferum L. | Jovibara sobolifera Opiz | karumunad | bear balls | Estonian | JMd | shape | [58] |
Sempervivum globiferum L. | Jovibara sobolifera Opiz | karukellad | bear bells (meaning balls) | Estonian | JMd | shape | [58] |
Sempervivum tectorum L. | Sempervivum tectorum L. | pane dell'orse | bear bread | Italian, southern | Rocca di Cambio (L'Aquila), Abruzzo, central Italy | bear food? | [90] |
Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell. | Silaus prat. | falsche, unechte Bärenwurz | wrong bear root | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L. Krause | Lychnis chalcedonica L. | мeдвeжьe мылo | bear soap | Russian | Middle Ob region | ? | [101] |
Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. | Silene dioica | björnblomma | bear flower | Swedish | Norrbotten | ? | [155] |
Sinapis arvensis L. | Sinapis arvensis L. | karurõigas | bear radish | Estonian | Rõu | status- | [58] |
Smilax aspera L. | Smilax aspera L. ? | aussara, autsàra, auttsàra, aursàra, attsara; ussarèddha | little female bear | Sardinian | Lanusei (Ogliastra), eastern Sardinia | ? | [142] |
Solanum dulcamara L. | Solanum dulcamara L. | мядзвeжыя ягaды | bear berries | Belarussian | Smol. | inedibility? | [79] |
Solanum dulcamara L. | Solanum dulcamara L. | bjønnebær | bear berry | Norwegian | status- | [80] | |
Solanum dulcamara L. | Solanum dulcamara L. | мeдвeжьи ягoды | bear berries | Southern Russian | Smolensk | inedibility? | [57] |
Solanum pseudopersicum Pojark. | Solanum persicum Will. | мeдвeжьи ягoды | bear berries | Russian | Siberia | inedibility? | [116] |
Solanum tuberosum L. | Solanum tuberosum | björnpära | bear potatoes | Swedish | Jämtland | status- | [155] |
Solanum tuberosum L. | Solanum tuberosum | björnpäron | bear potatoes | Swedish | Blekinge | status- | [155] |
Soldanella spp. | Soldanella spp. | recchietta d'urs | little bear ear | Italian, southern | Alto Sangro, Marsica, Valle Peligna, Majella surroundings, Gran Sasso d'Italia and Laga Mt., Abuzzo, central Italy | shape | Cianfaglione unpublished |
Solenophora Benth. | Solenophora Benth. (Arctocalyx Fenzl) | medvjeđača | bear plant | Croatian | no location | ? | |
Sonchus arvensis L. | Sonchus arvensis | medvesaláta | bear’s lattice | Hungarian | Gyimes (Transylvania) | bear food | |
Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz | Sorbus aria L. | fave de l'ors | bear beans | Italian, northern | Predazzo, Trentino, north-eastern Italy | bear food? | [115] |
Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz | Sorbus aria L. | pan d'orso; pan d'ors | bear bread | Italian, northern | Verona area, Veneto and Trentino, north-eastern Italy | bear food | |
Sorbus aucuparia L. | Sorbus auc. | Bärwid | ? | German, non specified | not specified | bear food | [65] |
Sorbus aucuparia L. | Sorbus aucuparia | мeдвeдoвa тpeшњa | bear sweet cherry | Serbo-Croat | status-? | [84] | |
Sorbus aucuparia L. | Sorbus aucuparia L. | ayı ovazı | bear rowan | Turkish | Karaman (S Anatolia) | status - | [227] |
Sorbus spp. | Sorbus (bunch of berries) | мeдвeдкo | bear | Northern Russian | Arkhangelsk, Karelia | status -? | [57] |
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz | Sorbus torminalis Crtz. | мeдвeжья гpушa | bear pear | Russian | translated from Tata | [116] | |
Sphagnum spp. | Sphagnum ssp. | karusammal | bear moss | Estonian | folk etymology | [56] | |
Sphagnum spp. | Sphagnum | Bärenmoos | bear moss | German, non specified | not specified | surface? | [65] |
Spiraea media Schmidt | Spiraea media (W. et Kit.) Schmidt. | вeдмeжья ягoдa | bear berry | Russian | Middle Ob region | inedibility? | [101] |
Spiraea ulmifolia Scop. | Spiraea ulmifolia | medvejka | bear plant | Slovenian | bear food? | [84] | |
Spiraea ulmifolia Scop. | Spiraea ulmifolia | medvejno latje | bear stalks | Slovenian | bear food? | [84] | |
Styrax officinalis L. | Styrax officinalis L. | ayıfındığı | bear hazelnut | Turkish | Aegean Region of Anatolia | status - | [158] |
Styrax officinalis L. | Styrax officinalis L. | ayıfındığı | bear hazelnut | Turkish | Antalya (SW Anatolia) | status - | [159] |
Succisa pratensis Moench | Succisa pratensis Moench | lilla karunupp | lilack bear bud | Estonian | Vig | surface | [58] |
Suillellus luridus (Schaeff.) Murrill | Гpиб пoддубник | мeдвeжий гpиб | bear mushroom | Northern Russian | the Northern Dvina region | ? | [57] |
Zosima orientalis Hoffm. | Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link | ayıeli | bear hand | Turkish | Anatolia | shape | [146] |
Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. | Chrysanthemum parth. | Bärenmutter-kraut | bear mother herb | German, non specified | not specified | folk etymology? | [65] |
Tanacetum vulgare L. | Tanacetum vulgare L. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Russian | Perm | shape? | [57] |
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. | Taraxacum off. | Bärenzahn | bear tooth | German, non specified | not specified | shape | [65] |
Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. | Telekia speciosa | medvesaláta | bear’s lattice | Hungarian | Gyimes (Transylvania) | bear food | |
Tofieldia pusilla (Michx.) Pers. | Tofieldia pusilla (Michx.) Pers. | karhunheinä, pohjan karhunheinä, soiden karhunruoho | bear grass | Finnish | many written records | ? | [82] |
Tremiscus helvelloides (DC.) Donk | Guepinia rufa (Jacq.) Beck | reccia d'orso | bear ear | Italian, northern | Verona area, Veneto, northern Italy | shape | [74] |
Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartm. | Scirpus caespitsus L. | bjønnskjegg | bear beard | Norwegian | Bygland, Evje, Froland, Bakke | ? | [80] |
Trifolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. | Trifolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. | ayı kulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Anatolia | size | [226] |
Trifolium spp. | Trifolium | ayubaši | bear head | Tatar | shape | [171] | |
Trifolium spp. | Trifolium sp. | ayu bašï | bear’s head | Tatar | shape | [6] | |
Triglochin spp. | Triglochin L. | barica | she-bear | Upper-Sorbian | ? | [63] | |
Triglochin spp. | Triglochin L. | barička | she-bear | Upper-Sorbian | ? | [63] | |
Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. | Laserpitium latifolium | medvedovka | bear plant | Slovenian | ? | [84] | |
Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. | Laserpitium latifolium | björnlabb | bear paw | Swedish | Gotland | ? | [155] |
Turritis glabra L. | Turritis glabra L. | мeчo зeлe | bear cabbage | Bulgarian | Vraca | ? | [86] |
Tussilago farfara L. | Tussilago farfara L. | мeчa cтъпкa | bear step | Bulgarian | Kolarovgrad | shape, surface | [86] |
Tussilago farfara L. | Tussilago farfara L. | karhunkämmenheenä | bear palm's grass | Finnish | Konn | surface | [82] |
Tussilago farfara L. | Tussilago farfara | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Bayramiç, Çanakkale (NW Anatolia) | shape | [151] |
Typha angustifolia L. | Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia | meškakūlė | bear reed/tube, rod | Lithuanian | Lithuania | surface | |
Typha latifolia L. | Typha latifolia L. | karukolgid | bear club (smasher) | Estonian | Hls | shape and surface | [58] |
Typha latifolia L. | Typha latifolia L. | karunuiad | bear club (smasher) | Estonian | Nrv | shape and surface | [58] |
Typha latifolia L. | Typha lat. | Bärenknüppel | bear bludgeon | German, non specified | not specified | surface, folklore? | [65] |
Typha latifolia L. | Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia | meškakūlė | bear reed/tube, rod | Lithuanian | Lithuania | surface | |
Typha latifolia L. | Typha latifolia | meškakūlė | bear reed/tube, rod | Lithuanian | Lithuania | surface, size, shape | |
Ursinia spp. | Ursinia | Bärenkamille | bear camomille | German, non specified | not specified | Latin calque | [65] |
Ursinia spp. | Ursinia | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | Latin calque | [65] |
Urtica dioica L. | Urtica dioica L. | karunõges | bear nettle | Estonian | Kod | surface | [58] |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus | medveszeder | bear’s black berry | Hungarian | Székelyföld (Transylvania) | bear food | [221] |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus L. | bjønnebær | bear berry | Norwegian | bear food? | [80] | |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus | bïernenmuerjie | bear berry | South Saami | bear food? | [170] | |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus L. | björnbär | bear berries | Swedish | Lapland, Ångermanland, Hälsingland | status- | [15] |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Lappland, Hälsingland, Härjedalen, Dalarna, Västmanland | status- | [155] |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus | björnbärsris | bear berry shrub | Swedish | Hälsingland | status- | [155] |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus f. epuinosum | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Härjedalen, Västerbotten | status- | |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus L. | byönnber | bear berry | Swedish | Älvdalen | folklore | [223] |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Vaccinium myrtillus L. | ayı üzümü | bear grape | Turkish | Anatolia | bear food | [199] |
Vaccinium oxycoccos L. | Vaccinium ocycoccus L. | bjørnebær | bear berry | Norwegian | here and there in Norway | bear food? | [80] |
Vaccinium oxycoccos L. | Vaccinium oxycoccos | bïernenmuerjie | bear berry | South Saami | bear food? | [170] | |
Vaccinium oxycoccos L. | Vaccinium oxycoccus | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Ångermanland, Eastern Jämtland | status- | [15] |
Vaccinium oxycoccos L. | Vaccinium oxycoccos | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Norrbotten, Jämtland | status- | [155] |
Vaccinium uliginosum L. | Vaccinium uliginosum | bjørnbær | bear berry | Norwegian | Trønd | ? | [233] |
Vaccinium uliginosum L. | Vaccinium uliginosum L. | bjønnebær | bear berry | Norwegian | bear food? | [80] | |
Vaccinium uliginosum L. | Vaccinium uliginosum | bïernenmuerjie | bear berry | South Saami | bear food? | [170] | |
Vaccinium uliginosum L. | Vaccinium uliginosum | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Ångermanland | status- | [15] |
Vaccinium uliginosum L. | Vaccinium uliginosum L. | björnbär | bear berry | Swedish | Medelpad | status- | [155] |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | pomati d'ors | bear fruit | Italian, northern | Trento area, Trentino, north-eatern Italy | bear food? | [115] |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | ciate d'ors | bear feet | Italian, northern | Trentino, north-eatern Italy | shape | [115] |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Vaccinium vitis idaea | мeчкинo гpoзje | bear grapes | Macedonian | Macedonia | status-? bear food? | [84] |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | мeдвeдзoвo гpoзнo | bear grapes | Ruthenian | Vojvodina | status-? bear food? | [125] |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Vaccinium vitis idaea | мeдвeђe гpoжђe | bear grapes | Serbo-Croat | shape? bear food? | [84] | |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Vaccinium vitis idaea | мeчje гpoжђe | bear grapes | Serbo-Croat | shape? bear food? | [84] | |
Veratrum album L. | Veratrum album | medvekocsány | bear’s stalk (bear peduncle) | Hungarian | Hétfalu (Transylvania) | size | [200] |
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh. | Veratrum lobelianum Bernh. | мeчкинa тpeвa | bear grass | Bulgarian | ? | [86] | |
Veratrum spp. | Veratrum L. | мeчкинa тpeвa | bear grass | Bulgarian | ? | [86] | |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | Verbascum thapsiforme Schrad | Schrad. уxo | bear ear | Bulgarian | Stara zagora | shape, surface | [86] |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | Verbascum thapsiforme Schrad. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Central, Southern Russian | Moscow, Vladimir, Nizhni Novgorod, Kazan, Orel, Kursk | shape, surface | [57] |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | вушкo мeдвeжe | bear little ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [180] | |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | вушкo мeдвeжaчe | bear little ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [180] | |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | уxo вeдмeжe | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [180] | |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | Verbascum thapsiforme Schrad. | мeдвeжaчe вуxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [219] | |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | Verbascum thapsiforme Schrad. | мeдвeжe вушкo | bear little ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [219] | |
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. | уxo мeдвeжe | bear ear | Ukrainian, Central-Dnieper | shape, surface? | [180] | |
Verbascum lychnitis L. | Verbascum lychnitis L. | вeдмeжe вуxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [219] | |
Verbascum lychnitis L. | Verbascum lychnitis L. | vedmeže uxo | bear ear | Ukrainian, steppe dialect | shape, surface? | ||
Verbascum lychnitis L. | Verbascum lychnitis L. | мeдвeжe вушкo | bear little ear | Ukrainian, steppe dialect, East-Polessian, Dniester, Transcarpathian | shape, surface? | ||
Verbascum lydium Boiss. var. heterandrum Murb. | Verbascum lydium Boiss. var. heterandrum Murb. | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Muğla (SW Anatolia) | shape | [92] |
Verbascum nigrum L. | Verbascum nigrum L. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Central Russian | Pskov | shape, surface | [57] |
Verbascum nigrum L. | Verbascum nigrum L. | уxo мeдвeдячe | bear ear | Ukrainian, Transcarpathian | shape, surface? | [180] | |
Verbascum phlomoides L. | Verbascum phlomoides L. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Russian | shape, surface? | [116] | |
Verbascum phlomoides L. | Verbascum phlomoides L. | medviže uxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [130] | |
Verbascum phlomoides L. | Verbascum phlomoides L. | vedmeže uxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [130] | |
Verbascum phlomoides L. | Verbascum phlomoides L. | мeдвeжe ушкo | bear little ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [219] | |
Verbascum phlomoides L. | Verbascum phlomoides L. | vedmeže vuxo | bear ear | Ukrainian, Central-Dnieper, steppe dialect | shape, surface? | ||
Verbascum phlomoides L. | Verbascum phlomoides L. | мeдвeжe oкo | bear eye | Ukrainian, East-Polessian | Chernigov | shape, surface? | |
Verbascum phlomoides L. | Verbascum phlomoides L. | вуxo мeдвeжe | bear ear | Ukrainian, Gutsulian | shape, surface? | [180] | |
Verbascum phlomoides L. | Verbascum phlomoides L. | мeдвeжe уxo | bear ear | Ukrainian, Transcarpathian | shape, surface? | ||
Verbascum speciosum Schrad. | Verbascum speciosum Schrad. | ayı lahanası | bear cabbage | Turkish | Iğdır (E Anatolia) | shape, status- | [140] |
Verbascum speciosum Schrad. | Verbascum speciosum Schrad. | ayıkulağı | bear ear | Turkish | Tekirdağ (European part of Turkey) | shape | [227] |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum | мядзвeдзeвa вуxa | bear ear | Belarussian | Gomel. | shape, surface | [79] |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum | мядзвeжae вушкa/вушкi | bear little ears | Belarussian | Gomel., Mogil. | shape, surface | [79] |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum | мядзвeдзeвa вуxa | bear ear | Belarussian | Gomel. | shape, surface | [79] |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum | мядзвeжжы вушы | bear ear | Belarussian | Viteb. | shape, surface | [79] |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum L. | мeчe уxo | bear ear | Bulgarian | shape, surface? | [86] | |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum | Bärenkraut | bear herb | German, non specified | not specified | surface? | [65] |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum sp. [?] | мeдвeжьи кocы | bear plaits | Russian | Ural | size? | [57] |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum | мeдвeд-уxo | bear ear | Serbo-Croat | shape | [84] | |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum L. | medved’ače uxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [130] | |
Verbascum spp. | Verbascum L. | vedmeže uxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [130] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus | ayïġulaghï | bear ear | Azeri | shape | [171] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | мeдвeжник мeлкий | little bear plant | Central Russian | Nizhni Novgorod | shape, surface | [57] |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus | upahalhi | bear ear | Chuvash | shape | [171] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus | ayuwqulaq | bear ear | Crimean Tatar | shape | [171] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | karuleht | bear leaves | Estonian | surface | ||
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | karuhein | bear grass | Estonian | surface | [201] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | lambakaruleht, lammas-karulehed, lammaskaruleht | lamb('s)bear leave(s) | Estonian | surface | ||
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus | Bärenfackel | bear torch | German, non specified | not specified | folklore? | [65] |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus | ayuwqulaq | bear ear | Kazakh | shape | [171] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus | ayuwqulaq | bear ear | Kirghiz | shape? | [171] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | мeдвeжий цвeт | bear flower | Northern Russian | Saratov | shape | [57] |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | мeдвeжья лaпa | bear paw | Russian | shape, surface? | [116] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | мeдвeжьe уxo | bear ear | Russian | Middle Ob region | shape, surface? | [101] |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | мeдвeжьи ушки | bear little ears | Russian | Middle Ob region | shape, surface? | [101] |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | мeдвeжьи ушки | bear little ears | Russian | Ural | shape | [181] |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | мeдвeжья тpocть | bear walking stick | Russian | Ural | size? | [57] |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus | ayuqolaq | bear ear | Tatar | shape | [171] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | дивинa вeдмeжa | bear mullein | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [180] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | medved’ače uxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [130] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | medveže uxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [130] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | medveže uško | bear little ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [130] | |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | вeдмeжe уxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | Kiev | shape, surface? | [219] |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Verbascum thapsus L. | вeдмeжe вуxo | bear ear | Ukrainian | shape, surface? | [219] | |
Viburnum lantana L. | Viburnum lant. | Barendreck | bear dirt | German, non specified | not specified | shape? | [65] |
Viburnum opulus L. | Viburnum opulus | medveszőlő | bear’s grape | Hungarian | Sóvidék (Transylvania) | inedibility | [164] |
Viburnum opulus L. | Viburnum opulus | medvekokojza | bear’s Vaccinium | Hungarian | Gyergyói-medence, a rare name (Transylvania) | inedibility | [97] |
Vicia dumetorum L. | Vicia dum. | Bärenwicke | bear vetch | German, non specified | not specified | wild | [65] |
Vicia sepium L. | Vicia sepium L. | meškažirnis | bear pea | Lithuanian | Lithuania | bear food | |
Vinca minor L. | Vinca minor | Bärwinkel, Barwinkel | ? | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |
Vitex agnus-castus L. | Vitex agnus-castus L. | ayıbebesi | bear baby | Turkish | Bayramiç, Çanakkale (NW Anatolia) | ? | [151] |
Xanthium orientale L. subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter | Xanthium orientale L. subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter | ayı pıtırağı | bear cocklebur | Turkish | Yalova (NW Anatolia) | size | [227] |
Yucca spp. | Yucca | Bärengras | bear grass | German, non specified | not specified | ? | [65] |